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Improving detection performance in DFRC systems using symbol-level precoding and IRS with continuous phase shifters

DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING 2025年 157卷

作者： Cui, Yifan Yao, Hongtai Jin, Yong Wang, Saidi Lv, Jiajia Henan Univ Sch Artificial Intelligence Zhengzhou 450046 Peoples R China

This paper investigates the security issues related to symbol-level precoding (SLP) in dual-function radar- communication (DFRC) systems employing intelligent reflective surfaces (IRS) with continuous phase shifters (CPS). It focuses on the joint optimization of the DFRC base station's (BS's) receive beamformer, the IRS's phase shifts, and the transmit waveform. The objective of the optimization is to maximize the radar received signal-to- interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) for eavesdroppers (Eves), while adhering to constraints on BS transmission power, ensuring constructive interference (CI) to legitimate users (LUs) and destructive interference (DI) to Eves. The challenge arises from multiple coupled optimization variables and a non-convex objective function. To tackle this problem, we propose an alternating optimization algorithm that integrates Minimum Variance Distortionless Response (MVDR) beamforming and Fractional Programming (FP) techniques to achieve a suboptimal solution. Simulation results indicate that our proposed algorithm significantly enhances radar detection capabilities and communication security. Compared to IRS equipped with discrete phase shifters, an IRS with CPS shows superior detection performance. Although SLP has lower computational efficiency than traditional block-level precoding (BLP) methods, it provides improved security rate performance. These findings offer substantial support for the design and application of practical systems.

关键词： Intelligent reflecting surfaces Continuous phase shifters symbol-level precoding Dual-function radar-communication

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A New Solution for MU-MISO symbol-level precoding: Extrapolation and Deep Unfolding

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS 2025年第2期24卷 1481-1495页

作者： Liang, Mu Li, Ang Hu, Xiaoyan Masouros, Christos Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Fac Elect & Informat Engn Sch Informat & Commun Engn Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China Southeast Univ Natl Mobile Commun Res Lab Nanjing 210096 Peoples R China UCL Dept Elect & Elect Engn London WC1E 7JE England

Constructive interference (CI) precoding, which converts the harmful multi-user interference into beneficial signals, is a promising and efficient interference management scheme in multi-antenna communication systems. However, CI-based symbol-level precoding (SLP) experiences high computational complexity as the number of symbol slots increases within a transmission block, rendering it unaffordable in practical communication systems. In this paper, we propose a symbol-level extrapolation (SLE) strategy to extrapolate the precoding matrix by leveraging the relationship between different symbol slots within in a transmission block, during which the channel state information (CSI) remains constant, where we design a closed-form iterative algorithm based on SLE for both PSK and QAM modulation. In order to further reduce the computational complexity, a sub-optimal closed-form solution based on SLE is further developed for PSK and QAM, respectively. Moreover, we design an unsupervised SLE-based neural network (SLE-Net) to unfold the proposed iterative algorithm, which helps enhance the interpretability of the neural network. By carefully designing the loss function of the SLE-Net, the time-complexity of the network can be reduced effectively. Extensive simulation results illustrate that the proposed algorithms can dramatically reduce the computational complexity and time complexity with only marginal performance loss, compared with the conventional SLP design methods.

关键词： precoding Interference symbols Iterative methods Extrapolation Phase shift keying Neural networks Modulation Signal to noise ratio Time complexity MIMO symbol-level precoding extrapolation model-driven deep unfolding

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symbol-level precoding-Based Self-Interference Cancellation for ISAC Systems

Symbol-Level Precoding-Based Self-Interference Cancellation ...

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2025 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2025

作者： Cai, Shu Chen, Zihao Liu, Ya-Feng Zhang, Jun Jiangsu Key Lab of Wireless Communications Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing China Engineering Research Center of Health Service System Based on Ubiquitous Wireless Networks Nanjing China LSEC ICMSEC AMSS Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368741

Consider an integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system where a base station (BS) employs a full-duplex radio to simultaneously serve multiple users and detect a target. The detection performance of the BS may be compromised by self-interference (SI) leakage. This paper investigates the feasibility of SI cancellation (SIC) through the application of symbol-level precoding (SLP). We first derive the target detection probability in the presence of the SI. We then formulate an SLP-based SIC problem, which optimizes the target detection probability while satisfying the quality of service requirements of all users. The formulated problem is a nonconvex fractional programming (FP) problem with a large number of equality and inequality constraints. We propose a penalty-based block coordinate descent (BCD) algorithm for solving the formulated problem, which allows for efficient closed-form updates of each block of variables at each iteration. Finally, numerical simulation results are presented to showcase the enhanced detection performance of the proposed SIC approach. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Fractional programming integrated sensing and communication self-interference symbol-level precoding

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Secure Transceiver Design for Discrete RIS Enhanced Dual-Functional Radar-Communication: A symbol-level precoding Approach

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IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS 2025年第4期14卷 1034-1038页

作者： Yang, Ran Dong, Zheng Xiu, Yue Wei, Ning Li, Yan Li, Yonghui Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Natl Key Lab Wireless Commun Chengdu 611731 Peoples R China Shandong Univ Sch Informat Sci & Engn Qingdao 266237 Peoples R China Univ Sydney Sch Elect & Comp Engn Sydney NSW 2006 Australia

This letter investigates symbol-level security design for a discrete reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) enhanced dual-functional radar-communication (DFRC) system. To improve the radar sensing performance, we formulate an optimization problem that jointly addresses the design of space-time transmission waveforms, receiving filters, and discrete reflecting coefficients. The goal is to maximize the minimum radar signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) while ensuring security against eavesdropping. The formulated problem turns out to be intractable due to the practical waveform design restrictions, the discrete RIS coefficient constraints, and the coupling of the optimization variables. To address these issues, we apply the block coordinate descent (BCD) method, incorporating the successive convex approximation (SCA), penalty technique, and the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme and show that 2-bit resolution RIS can achieve both satisfactory communication and radar performance close to that achieved with higher resolutions.

关键词： Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces Radar Security Optimization symbols Signal to noise ratio Clutter Quality of service precoding Sensors Dual-functional radar-communication physical layer security symbol-level precoding reconfigurable intelligent surface discrete optimization

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symbol-level precoding for MU-MIMO System With RIRC Receiver

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 2024年第5期72卷 2820-2834页

作者： Tong, Xiao Li, Ang Lei, Lei Liu, Fan Dong, Fuwang Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Fac Elect & Informat Engn Sch Informat & Commun Engn Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Informat & Commun Engn Xian 710049 Peoples R China Southeast Univ Natl Mobile Commun Res Lab Nanjing 210096 Peoples R China Southern Univ Sci & Technol Sch Syst Design & Intelligent Mfg Shenzhen 518055 Peoples R China

Consider a multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) downlink system in which the base station (BS) sends multiple data streams to multi-antenna users via symbol-level precoding (SLP), where the optimization of receive combining matrix becomes crucial, unlike in the single-antenna user scenario. We begin by introducing a joint optimization problem on the symbol-level transmit precoder and receive combiner. The problem is solved using the alternating optimization (AO) method, and the optimal solution structures for transmit precoding and receive combining matrices are derived by using Lagrangian and Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions, based on which, the original problem is transformed into an equivalent quadratic programming problem, enabling more efficient solutions. To address the challenge that the above joint design is difficult to implement, we propose a more practical scheme where the receive combining optimization is replaced by the interference rejection combiner (IRC), which is however difficult to directly use because of the rank-one transmit precoding matrix. Therefore, we introduce a new regularized IRC (RIRC) receiver to circumvent the above issue. Numerical results demonstrate that the practical SLP-RIRC method enjoys only a slight communication performance loss compared to the joint transmit precoding and receive combining design, both offering substantial performance gains over the conventional BD-based approaches.

关键词： precoding Interference Optimization MIMO communication Downlink symbols Transmitting antennas MU-MIMO multi-stream symbol-level precoding regularized IRC alternating optimization

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symbol-level precoding for the Nonlinear Multiuser MISO Downlink Channel

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING 2018年第5期66卷 1331-1345页

作者： Spano, Danilo Alodeh, Maha Chatzinotas, Symeon Ottersten, Bjoern Univ Luxembourg Interdisciplinary Ctr Secur Reliabil & Trust L-4365 Luxembourg Luxembourg

This paper investigates the problem of the interference among multiple simultaneous transmissions in the downlink channel of a multiantenna wireless system. A symbol-level precoding scheme is considered, in order to exploit the multiuser interference and transform it into useful power at the receiver side, through a joint utilization of the data information and the channel state information. In this context, this paper presents novel strategies that exploit the potential of symbol-level precoding to control the per-antenna instantaneous transmit power. In particular, the power peaks among the transmitting antennas and the instantaneous power imbalances across the different transmitted streams are minimized. These objectives are particularly relevant with respect to the nonlinear amplitude and phase distortions induced by the per-antenna amplifiers, which are important sources of performance degradation in practical systems. More specifically, this paper proposes two different symbol-level precoding approaches. The first approach performs a weighted per-antenna power minimization, under quality-of-service constraints and under a lower bound constraint on the per-antenna transmit power. The second strategy performs a minimization of the spatial peak-to-average power ratio, evaluated among the transmitting antennas. Numerical results are presented in a comparative fashion to show the effectiveness of the proposed techniques, which outperform the state-of-the-art symbol-level precoding schemes in terms of spatial peak-to-average power ratio, spatial dynamic range, and symbol error rate over nonlinear channels.

关键词： symbol-level precoding constructive interference multi-antenna system non-linear channel spatial PAPR

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symbol-level precoding Design Based on Distance Preserving Constructive Interference Regions

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING 2018年第22期66卷 5817-5832页

作者： Haqiqatnejad, Alireza Kayhan, Farbod Ottersten, Bjorn Univ Luxembourg Interdisciplinary Ctr Secur Reliabil & Trust L-1855 Luxembourg Luxembourg

In this paper, we investigate the symbol-level precoding (SLP) design problem in the downlink of a multiuser multiple-input single-output channel. We consider generic two-dimensional constellations with any shape and size, and confine ourselves to one of the main categories of constructive interference regions (CIR), namely distance preserving CIR (DPCIR). We provide a comprehensive study of DPCIRs and derive several properties for these regions. Using these properties, we first show that any signal in a given DPCIR has a norm greater than or equal to the norm of the corresponding constellation point if and only if the convex hull of the constellation contains the origin. It is followed by proving that the power of the noise-free received signal in a DPCIR is a monotonic strictly increasing function of two parameters relating to the infinite Voronoi edges. Using the convex description of DPCIRs and their characteristics, we formulate two design problems, namely the SLP power minimization with signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) constraints, and the SLP SINR balancing problem under max-min fairness criterion. The SLP power minimization based on DPCIRs can straightforwardly be written as a quadratic programming. We derive a simplified reformulation of this problem, which is less computationally complex. The SLP max-min SINR, however, is non-convex in its original form, and hence difficult to tackle. We propose alternative optimization approaches, including semidefinite programming formulation and block coordinate descent optimization. We discuss and evaluate the loss due to the proposed alternative methods through extensive simulation results.

关键词： Distance preserving constructive interference region downlink multiuser MISO power minimization SINR balancing symbol-level precoding

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symbol-level precoding for Near-Field ISAC

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IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS 2024年第9期28卷 2041-2045页

作者： Babu, Nithin Kosasih, Alva Masouros, Christos Bjornson, Emil UCL Dept Elect & Elect Engn London WC1E 7JE England KTH Royal Inst Technol Div Commun Syst S-10044 Stockholm Sweden

The forthcoming 6G and beyond wireless networks are anticipated to introduce new groundbreaking applications, such as Integrated Sensing and Communications (ISAC), potentially leveraging much wider bandwidths at higher frequencies and using significantly larger antenna arrays at base stations. This puts the system operation in the radiative near-field regime of the BS antenna array, characterized by spherical rather than flat wavefronts. In this letter, we refer to such a system as near-field ISAC. Unlike the far-field regime, the near-field regime allows for precise focusing of transmission beams on specific areas, making it possible to simultaneously determine a target's direction and range from a single base station and resolve targets located in the same direction. This work designs the transmit symbol vector in near-field ISAC to maximize a weighted combination of sensing and communication performances subject to a total power constraint using symbol-level precoding (SLP). The formulated optimization problem is convex, and the solution is used to estimate the angle and range of the considered targets using the 2D MUSIC algorithm. The simulation results suggest that the SLP-based design outperforms the block-level-based counterpart. Moreover, the 2D MUSIC algorithm accurately estimates the targets' parameters.

关键词： Antenna arrays Integrated sensing and communication symbols Vectors Antennas Signal to noise ratio Interference Near-field ISAC CRB symbol-level precoding beamfocusing

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symbol-level precoding for Average SER Minimization in Multiuser MISO Systems

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IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS 2024年第4期13卷 1103-1107页

作者： Wang, Yafei Hou, Hongwei Wang, Wenjin Yi, Xinping Southeast Univ Natl Mobile Commun Res Lab Nanjing 210096 Peoples R China Purple Mt Labs Nanjing 211100 Peoples R China

This letter investigates symbol-level precoding (SLP) for high-order quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) aimed at minimizing the average symbol error rate (SER), leveraging both constructive interference (CI) and noise power to gain superiority in full signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) ranges. We first construct the SER expression with respect to the transmitted signal and the rescaling factor, based on which the problem of average SER minimization subject to total transmit power constraint is further formulated. Given the non-convex nature of the objective, solving the above problem becomes challenging. Due to the differences in constraints between the transmit signal and the rescaling factor, we propose the double-space alternating optimization (DSAO) algorithm to optimize the two variables on orthogonal Stiefel manifold and Euclidean spaces, respectively. To facilitate QAM demodulation instead of affording impractical signaling overhead, we further develop a block transmission scheme to keep the rescaling factor constant within a block. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed SLP scheme exhibits a significant performance advantage over existing state-of-the-art SLP schemes.

关键词： symbol-level precoding symbol error rate minimization manifold optimization alternating optimization

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symbol-level precoding Design in IRS-Aided Secure Wireless Communication Systems

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IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS 2022年第11期11卷 2315-2319页

作者： Cai, Shu Qu, Heshuai Zhang, Jun Shi, Xiaoye Zhu, Hongbo Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommun Coll Telecommun & Informat Engn Nanjing 210003 Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommun Coll Internet Things Nanjing 210003 Peoples R China

This letter investigates an intelligent reflective surface (IRS) aided secure wireless communication system, in which a multi-antenna base station (BS) transmits confidential messages to multiple users via symbol-level precoding (SLP). We consider the two cases where the eavesdropper (Eve) has no channel state information (CSI) and global CSI, respectively, to investigate the possible worst and best eavesdropping performance, and the security improvement brought by the joint SLP-IRS design. For the former, we consider the user-receive signal-to-interference-noise ratio (SINR) balancing problem under the constraints of transmission power and security, and prove that SLP is inherently safe. For the latter, we assume that a smart Eve can intercept signals using brute-force and maximum likelihood detection methods. First, its received SINR is derived under the artificial noise framework, and then a two-step design scheme for SLP and IRS is proposed. In particular, an iterative penalty method is proposed for the IRS design step. Simulation results verify the analysis and show that IRS can significantly enhance the security of system.

关键词： Interference Signal to noise ratio precoding Security symbols Eavesdropping Telecommunications symbol-level precoding intelligent reflecting surface artificial noise physical-layer security

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