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FBSGraph: Accelerating asynchronous Graph Processing via Forward and Backward Sweeping

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON KNOWLEDGE AND DATA ENGINEERING 2018年第5期30卷 895-907页

作者： Zhang, Yu Liao, Xiaofei Jin, Hai Gu, Lin Zhou, Bing Bing Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Serv Comp Technol & Syst Lab Cluster & Grid Comp Lab Sch Comp Sci & Technol Wuhan 430074 Hubei Peoples R China Univ Sydney Sch Informat Technol Sydney NSW 2006 Australia

Graph algorithm is pervasive in many applications ranging from targeted advertising to natural language processing. Recently, asynchronous Graph Processing (AGP) is becoming a promising model to support graph algorithm on large-scale distributed computing platforms because it enables faster convergence speed and lower synchronization cost than the synchronous model for no barrier between iterations. However, existing AGP methods still suffer from poor performance for inefficient vertex state propagation. In this paper, we propose an effective and low-cost forward and backward sweeping execution method to accelerate state propagation for AGP, based on a key observation that states in AGP can be propagated between vertices much faster when the vertices are processed sequentially along the graph path within each round. Through dividing graph into paths and asynchronously processing vertices on each path in an alternative forward and backward way according to their order on this path, vertex states in our approach can be quickly propagated to other vertices and converge in a faster way with only little additional overhead. In order to efficiently support it over distributed platforms, we also propose a scheme to reduce the communication overhead along with a static priority ordering scheme to further improve the convergence speed. Experimental results on a cluster with 1,024 cores show that our approach achieves excellent scalability for large-scale graph algorithms and the overall execution time is reduced by at least 39.8 percent, in comparison with the most cutting-edge methods.

关键词： Graph algorithm synchronous/asynchronous convergence cascade effect

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Unifying simulatability definitions in cryptographic systems under different timing assumptions

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JOURNAL OF LOGIC AND ALGEBRAIC PROGRAMMING 2005年第2期64卷 157-188页

作者： Backes, M IBM Zurich Res Lab Ruschlikon Switzerland

The cryptographic concept of simulatability has become a salient technique for faithfully analyzing and proving security properties of arbitrary cryptographic protocols. We investigate the relationship between simulatability in synchronous and asynchronous frameworks by means of the formal models of Pfitzmann et al., which are seminal in using this concept in order to bridge the gap between the formal-methods and the cryptographic community. We show that the synchronous model can be seen as a special case of the asynchronous one with respect to simulatability, i.e., we present an embedding from the synchronous model into the asynchronous one that we show to preserve simulatability. We show that this result allows for carrying over lemmas and theorems that rely on simulatability from the asynchronous model to its synchronous counterpart without any additional work, hence future work on enhancing simulatability-based models can concentrate on the more general asynchronous case. (c) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： probabilistic systems security simulatability cryptography synchronous/asynchronous

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Using technology to increase student (and faculty satisfaction with) engagement in medical education

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ADVANCES IN PHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION 2019年第3期43卷 408-413页

作者： Kay, Denise Pasarica, Magdalena Univ Cent Florida Coll Med Med Educ 6850 Lake Nona Blvd Orlando FL 32827 USA

Faculty dissatisfaction with diminishing levels of student engagement in lifestyle medicine sessions prompted this exploratory project that compared differences in students' substantive engagement in medical preclinical and clinical level lifestyle medicine sessions. The preclinical and clinical level sessions had the same learning objectives and learning tasks, properly aligned with that level of student learning, but were offered in different learning formats, either traditional classroom approaches or technology-enhanced approaches. At the preclinical level, we transferred a nonmandatory, face-to-face session to a nonmandatory, fully online session. At the clinical level, we introduced two novel technology tools. We utilized Zoom technologies, which afforded students the ability to access the session from anywhere, and employed Hickey's use of "promoting" student submissions as one method for increasing student-student interaction during the synchronous session. We used indicators of behavioral engagement of Henrie et al. (Henrie CR, Halverson LR, Graham CR. Comput Educ 90: 36-53, 2015) as the framework for determining applicable engagement behaviors, including attendance, assignment completion, interactions (responding/feedback/endorsements), and the quality of (and faculty satisfaction with) the face-to-face and/or online interactions. We expected to observe higher levels of engagement behaviors in the technology-enhanced approach and found that to be the case at both the preclinical and clinical levels, in both mandatory/nonmandatory and synchronous/asynchronous formats. However, it was the increase in both the level and substance of the students' interactions in the technology-enhanced sessions that provided surprising results. A review of the sessions with enhanced engagement highlight the role of student autonomy, a construct with strongly established associations to student motivation and engagement.

关键词： distributed learning instructional technology lifestyle medicine student engagement synchronous/asynchronous

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