Converging evidence points towards a link between musical rhythm and linguistic syntax processing. Several potentially shared cognitive mechanisms and overlapping brain regions have been proposed to account for these ...
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Converging evidence points towards a link between musical rhythm and linguistic syntax processing. Several potentially shared cognitive mechanisms and overlapping brain regions have been proposed to account for these findings. The present study explores the hypothesis that a domain-general cognitive system responsible for hierarchical structure building constitutes one such component. In two experiments, French-speaking adults listened to rhythmically regular, irregular or silent primes before completing a grammaticality judgement task on Jabberwocky sentences. Both experiments showed a priming effect only in the first three sentences after priming. Experiment 1 (block design) showed a disadvantage of the irregular condition compared to both other conditions. Experiment 2 (mixed design) showed an advantage in the regular condition compared to the irregular condition. Across the two experiments, grammaticality judgement performance correlated with rhythm discrimination. These findings provide evidence for a domain-general cognitive network responsible for hierarchical structure building in rhythm and language processing.
Regular musical rhythms orient attention over time and facilitate processing. Previous research has shown that regular rhythmic stimulation benefits subsequent syntax processing in children with dyslexia and specific ...
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Regular musical rhythms orient attention over time and facilitate processing. Previous research has shown that regular rhythmic stimulation benefits subsequent syntax processing in children with dyslexia and specific language impairment. The present EEG study examined the influence of a rhythmic musical prime on the P600 late evoked-potential, associated with grammatical error detection for dyslexic adults and matched controls. Participants listened to regular or irregular rhythmic prime sequences followed by grammatically correct and incorrect sentences. They were required to perform grammaticality judgments for each auditorily presented sentence while EEG was recorded. In addition, tasks on syntax violation detection as well as rhythm perception and production were administered. For both participant groups, ungrammatical sentences evoked a P600 in comparison to grammatical sentences and its mean amplitude was larger after regular than irregular primes. Peak analyses of the P600 difference wave confirmed larger peak amplitudes after regular primes for both groups. They also revealed overall a later peak for dyslexic participants, particularly at posterior sites, compared to controls. Results extend rhythmic priming effects on language processing to underlying electrophysiological correlates of morpho-syntactic violation detection in dyslexic adults and matched controls. These findings are interpreted in the theoretical framework of the Dynamic Attending Theory (Jones, 1976, 2019) and the Temporal Sampling Framework for developmental disorders (Goswami, 2011).
The decoding of context-based adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC) imposes a heavy performance requirement on H.264/AVC decoding systems particularly for large-scale video sequences. As a simple approach of eleva...
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The decoding of context-based adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC) imposes a heavy performance requirement on H.264/AVC decoding systems particularly for large-scale video sequences. As a simple approach of elevating the operating frequency is not sufficient to meet the performance requirement, this paper proposes an efficient approach to accelerate the decoding, which is effective under relatively low operating frequency. Since the CABAC decoding procedure is highly sequential and has strong data dependencies, it is difficult to exploit parallelism and pipeline schemes. The proposed approach resolves the difficulties by modifying the operation chain based on a thorough analysis, eventually enabling both parallel operations and pipelining. More specifically, 1) several context models are simultaneously loaded from memory while context selection is performed in parallel and 2) bin-level pipelining is enabled by employing a small storage to remove structural hazards and data dependencies. Experimental results show that the proposed approach leads to the real-time decoding of HD sequences.
A reduced relative-main clause ambiguity occurs in sentences that begin with reduced relative clauses, as in The hangman executed by the government was convicted of treason. This ambiguity has often been the focus of ...
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A reduced relative-main clause ambiguity occurs in sentences that begin with reduced relative clauses, as in The hangman executed by the government was convicted of treason. This ambiguity has often been the focus of research designed to investigate the processes by which syntactic structures are built during sentence comprehension. Reading time differences between more difficult and less difficult reduced relative sentences (e.g., The hangman executed by the government was convicted of treason vs. The martyr executed by the government was convicted of treason) have been interpreted as reflecting syntactic disambiguation processes. In this article, we point out that there exists a possible alternative interpretation of the differences, namely, that reading times are longer for the more difficult sentences because the information in their relative clauses mismatches a reader's general knowledge of how events typically occur in the world or how they are typically referenced in discourse. Under this interpretation, the differences in reading times do not have their bases in disambiguation processing. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
One of the fundamental aspects during sentence comprehension is to analyse sentence structure, that is, to detect the formal dependencies which exist between the elements in a sentence. Accordingly, the question of ho...
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One of the fundamental aspects during sentence comprehension is to analyse sentence structure, that is, to detect the formal dependencies which exist between the elements in a sentence. Accordingly, the question of how this so-called syntactic information is neuronally implemented has become a major topic in neuroimaging research on language in the past decade. Especially, the so-called Broca's Area and its role in syntactic processing has thereby come into focus. The present paper presents neuroimaging studies which have imployed the most important experimental paradigms in this respect, namely, the processing of sentences with syntactic violations and of sentences with non canonical word order, We argue that neuronal language processing can only be explained in a dynamic model. In such a model, not only neuronal localisation, but also temporal information needs to be taken into account. This calls for additional evidence from more time sensitive methods, such as event-related potentials.
The goal of this article is to provide an integrated view of what we can learn about speech processing from animal studies. 'Integrated' refers here to the attempt to explore biologically important sounds from...
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The goal of this article is to provide an integrated view of what we can learn about speech processing from animal studies. 'Integrated' refers here to the attempt to explore biologically important sounds from the level of vocal learning, to neural representation at various stations of the auditory pathway, to audio-motor integration and its influence on sound production. The methodologies required include developmental and behavioral studies as well as electrophysiological characterization of neuronal activity and electrical stimulation of (pre-)frontal/premotor areas. Three unique animal models, otherwise found scattered in the published literature, are brought together here: (1) the lesser spear-nosed bat (Phyllostomus discolor) as an animal model for audio-vocal learning;(2) the mustached bat (Pteronotus parnellii) as an animal for modeling syntax processing at the auditory cortical single-unit level;(3) the short-tailed fruit bat (Carollia perspicillata) as an animal model elucidating cortical audio-motor integration. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Discusses the syntax-directed documentation for the computer programming language, PL360. Use of the phrase structure in defining the formal documentation of a program; Inclusion of syntactic types and identifiers to ...
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Discusses the syntax-directed documentation for the computer programming language, PL360. Use of the phrase structure in defining the formal documentation of a program; Inclusion of syntactic types and identifiers to trigger the automatic formation of questions to the programmer.
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