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Energy-aware task scheduling with task synchronization for embedded real-time systems

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2006年第6期25卷 1024-1037页

作者： Jejurikar, Ravindra Gupta, Rajesh Univ Calif Irvine Dept Informat & Comp Sci Irvine CA 92697 USA Univ Calif San Diego Dept Comp Sci & Engn La Jolla CA 92093 USA

Slowdown factors determine the extent of slowdown that a computing system can experience based on functional and performance requirements. Dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) of a processor based on slowdown factors can lead to considerable energy savings. This paper addresses the problem of DVS in the presence of task synchronization. tasks synchronize to enforce mutually exclusive access to the shared resources and can be blocked by lower priority tasks. task slowdown factors that guarantee meeting all task deadlines are computed. Both static and dynamic priority scheduling viz. rate monotonic (RM) scheduling and earliest deadline first (EDF) scheduling, respectively, are studied.

关键词： frequency inheritance low power processor scheduling real-time systems task synchronization

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Distributed task synchronization in Wireless Sensor Networks 09

Distributed Task Synchronization in Wireless Sensor Networks

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6th European Conference on Wireless Sensor Networks

作者： Aoun, Marc Catalano, Julien van der Stok, Peter Philips Res High Tech Campus 34 NL-5656 AE Eindhoven Netherlands Enensys Technol F-35700 Rennes France

ISBN: (纸本)9783642002236

A WSN is envisaged to consist of a large number of nodes, each combining sensing, processing and wireless communication capabilities. The nodes have to cooperate to achieve a global function required by the user. Towards achieving this goal, multiple tasks are performed on all nodes or a subset of nodes in the network. The subject of this paper is the synchronized execution of periodic tasks at different nodes, for example: sensing tasks or a periodic on/off switching of radio transceivers. The method is based on synchronizing timer interrupt occurrences at different nodes to a single reference, leading to tight synchronization of tasks over nodes. Measurements show that task synchronization is achieved on our hardware platform with an average time difference of 5 mu s between the starts of temporally related tasks on different nodes.

关键词： task synchronization time synchronization real-time operating system timestamping synchronized sampling clock drift

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Accelerator-Aware task synchronization for Real-Time Systems 17

Accelerator-Aware Task Synchronization for Real-Time Systems

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17th IEEE International Symposium on Object/Component/Service-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC)

作者： Wu, Yu-Chen Chang, Che-Wei Kuo, Tei-Wei Shih, Chi-Sheng Natl Taiwan Univ Dept Comp Sci & Informat Engn Taipei Taiwan Chang Gung Univ Sch Elect & Comp Engn Coll Engn Dept Comp Sci & Informat Engn Taoyuan Taiwan Acad Sinica Res Ctr Informat Technol Innovat Taipei Taiwan Natl Taiwan Univ Grad Inst Networking & Multimedia Taipei Taiwan Sungkyunkwan Univ Coll Informat & Commun Engn Seoul South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9781479944309

This work is motivated by the needs to synchronize task executions where tasks might use semaphores to protect their critical sections and run over accelerators. In particular, the Priority Ceiling Protocol is extended to manage priority inversion caused by accelerator usages. By recognizing the difference between an accelerator and a semaphore, higher-priority tasks are less likely blocked by lower-priority tasks, due to their requests for an accelerator. In particular, blocking that will not contribute to any deadlock and/or chained blocking is allowed in a managed way, with an objective to maximize the utilization of accelerators. A series of experiments is then conducted to derive insights to task synchronization when accelerators might be used.

关键词： Distributed computing Real-time systems FPGA GPU accelerator real-time synchronization synchronization protocal real-time systems Accelerators Distributed computing task synchronization Field programmable gate arrays signals GRAPPER PICK UP Graphics Processing Unit Religious Missions critical zone

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Energy-Efficient task Scheduling and synchronization for Multicore Real-Time Systems 3

Energy-Efficient Task Scheduling and Synchronization for Mul...

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IEEE 3rd International Conference on Big Data Security on Cloud (BigDataSecurity) / 3rd IEEE International Conference on High Performance and Smart Computing (HPSC) / 2nd IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Data and Security (IDS)

作者： Wu, Jun Hong, Xu-Jia Natl Pingtung Univ Dept Comp Sci & Informat Engn Pingtung Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781509062966

In the recent years, many energy-efficient real-time task scheduling algorithms have been proposed for multi-core platforms. Most of them focus on independent tasks, however, relatively little work has been done in the presence of task synchronization. In this paper, we are interested in scheduling of real-time tasks which may make requests for accessing shared resources at the run time. A similarity-based task-to-core partitioning algorithm is proposed to allocate the tasks which may access a similar set of shared resources to the same core so that a large number of blockings can be avoided. Furthermore, we also propose speed assignment methods to assign proper processor speeds for tasks' executions with full-chip and per-core DVFS techniques so that the overall energy consumption can be reduced. The schedulability analysis of our proposed approach is provided in this paper. The capabilities of our proposed approach were evaluated by a series of experiments for which we have some encouraging results.

关键词： Multicore processor Real-Time System Dynamic Voltage/Frequency Scaling task Scheduling task synchronization

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INTERPROCESSOR COMMUNICATION AND ADA IN DISTRIBUTED REAL-TIME SYSTEMS

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COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS 1990年第8期13卷 451-459页

作者： NIELSEN, K CARLSSON, H TELESOFT AB S-14901 NYNASHAMNSWEDEN

This paper describes inter-processor communication schemes that can be used for real-time distributed systems implemented in Ada. A general discussion is included for low-level communication primitives, message passing, and remote procedure calls (RPC). The Ada rendezvous mechanism for task communication and synchronization is examined with regard to local and remote information exchange. A detailed treatment is included for the implementation of an RPC mechanism in Ada. The design is illustrated with Ada code examples.

关键词： Ada distributed system local area network message passing real-time system remote procedure call (RPC) rendezvous task synchronization XDR

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Dynamic task communication for concurrent processing in distributed systems

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CONCURRENT ENGINEERING-RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS 2001年第2期9卷 155-165页

作者： Zaremba, MB Fraczak, W Univ Quebec Dept Informat Hull PQ J8X 3X7 Canada Solldum Syst Corp Ottawa ON Canada

This paper presents a formal methodology and a set of design and programming tools for the development of concurrently communicating systems that execute in distributed computing environments. In order to solve the complex problems of synchronization and communication between dynamically distributed tasks, the distributed programming system uses an internal process-algebra-based mechanism, and provides an algebra term generator that allows the user to define the task architecture through a simple graphical interface. An example of the design process of a heterogeneous distributed system illustrates the main phases of creating and executing a concurrent task system, as well as the architecture of the programming environment presented in the paper.

关键词： concurrent systems distributed processing formal system specification task synchronization process algebra

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Multi-site Internet-based tele-cooperation

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INTEGRATED COMPUTER-AIDED ENGINEERING 2002年第2期9卷 117-127页

作者： Elhajj, I Tan, J Xi, N Fung, WK Liu, YH Kaga, T Hasegawa, Y Fukuda, T Michigan State Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn E Lansing MI 48824 USA Chinese Univ Hong Kong Dept Automat & Comp Aided Engn Shatin Hong Kong Peoples R China Nagoya Univ Ctr Cooperat Res Adv Sci & Technol Nagoya Aichi 4648603 Japan

The e-world has added a new dimension to many of the traditional concepts in industrial applications and everyday life. Many words encountered nowadays are prefixed by the letter "e" to reflect their close relation to the electronic world. Therefore. it was not surprising when researchers and businesses started developing "e-services", which are simply services provided via the Internet. The use of robots has dramatically expanded the potential of e-services. Now individuals with particular expertise can perform highly accurate and fairly complicated tasks remotely via the Internet. However, this increase in the human reachability is faced by several obstacles. Reliable and efficient robot facilitated services via the Internet face several challenges, These range from human-computer interfacing and overcoming random time delay to task synchronization and human-robot interaction. These limitations intensify when multi-operators in multi-sites are involved. This paper provides new theoretical and experimental results on these challenges. Specifically, multi-site cooperative control and modeling of an Internet based mobile manipulator is presented. The two main characteristics of this system are Internet based real-time closed loop control and coordinated operation. In addition. it is shown that despite random time delay the stability and synchronization of the system were achieved using event-based control. Also, Petri Nets are suggested as a modeling tool for real-time teleoperation systems.

关键词： task synchronization Modeling e-services highly accurate robotisation Business coordinated operation Petri nets Industrial applications letter Mobile manipulator Robot synchronous system Internets

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A shared process model for independent and synchronized e-business transactions

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JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MANUFACTURING 2002年第6期13卷 499-510页

作者： Park, N Korea Inst Ind Technol Mfg & Informat Technol Lab Inchon South Korea

Two of the most essential values we can expect from the application of information technology to daily business practices are speed and credibility. When it comes to business-to-business (B2B) interactions, these virtues play a role of primary driving forces on the ongoing and ever-increasing innovation in manufacturing operation and business transactions. All too often the achievement of the virtues requires reconciliation of two seemingly conflicting objectives, independence and synchronization. The industry as a whole seems to be seeking a breakthrough to this issue in a bunch of de facto standards. In this paper, we analyze the rationale laid behind the current standards based on the review of B2B principles and propose how to articulate the standards with existing IT infrastructures.

关键词： business-to-business electronic commerce task independence task synchronization workflow e-business autonomy

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Energy-Efficient Real-Time Scheduling of tasks With Abortable Critical Sections

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JOURNAL OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2014年第3期30卷 765-786页

作者： Wu, Jun Ke, Kai-Long Natl Pingtung Inst Commerce Dept Comp Sci & Informat Engn Pingtung 900 Taiwan

In this paper, an energy-efficient scheduling algorithm, called ceiling-based conditional abortable scheduling (CB-CAS) algorithm, is proposed to schedule periodic hard real-time tasks in a non-ideal DVS processor. Based on the schedulability analysis, CB-CAS calculates a proper processor speed for task execution so that the energy consumption can be reduced without violating the timing constraints of tasks. For saving more energy, we also assume that the critical sections of tasks are abortable, which is a strategy originally proposed to reduce priority inversions. In this paper, CB-CAS introduces a conditional abort rule and a dynamic speed adjustment method to work with the rate monotonic scheduling algorithm and the priority ceiling protocol so that the energy consumption could be reduced further. Whenever two tasks are conflicting for the same resource, CB-CAS will examine the cost of blocking the higher-priority task and the cost of aborting the lower-priority task. CB-CAS will abort the lower-priority task and adjust the processor speed dynamically only if it is more energy efficient. The schedulability analysis and the properties of CB-CAS are given in this paper. The capabilities of CB-CAS were also evaluated by a series of experiments, for which we have some encouraging results.

关键词： real-time systems dynamic voltage scaling energy-efficient scheduling task scheduling task synchronization abortable critical sections

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EXPLICIT PROGRAMMING-LANGUAGES IN INDUSTRIAL ROBOTS

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JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS 1983年第1期2卷 53-60页

作者： GINI, G GINI, M Politecnico di Milano Milano Italy University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA

This paper discusses issues of design for software systems for computer controlled manipulators. A short review of the features which have become important in present soft-ware systems for industrial applications is presented, including how various desirable system capabilities can be introduced at reasonable computational costs. The paper is based mainly on the experiences obtained in designing and implementing MAL, a software system for controlling and programming an experimental robot, and VML, a machine independent intermediate language to be used as a target for compliers of high level programming languages for robots. An explanation of how management of multiprocess capabilities, synchronization of different devices, error handling and other desirable features can be inserted in a simple system, implemented on micro and minicomputers and made suitable for industrial applications will be shown.

关键词： Robot Programming Communication Languages task synchronization

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