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A Survey on Testbeds and Experimentation Environments for Wireless Sensor Networks

IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SURVEYS AND TUTORIALS 2014年第4期16卷 1820-1838页

作者： Horneber, Jens Hergenroeder, Anton Karlsruhe Inst Technol Inst Telemat D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany

Research results in wireless sensor networks are primarily gained from simulations and theoretical considerations. Currently, the community begins to realize that the results need to be validated in testbeds. Testbeds can be also used to directly gather knowledge with sensor network experiments on real hardware and a real environmental context. This survey gives an overview of different approaches to build testbeds and experimentation environments regarding different research foci. We discuss emerging testbed requirements and present existing solutions of the community. The overview is complemented with a discussion of common design decisions concerning architectures and experimentation support in current testbeds. A look on future trends and developments in wireless sensor network testbeds concludes this paper. This survey is intended to help researchers to attain own results in real-world experiments with wireless sensor networks. The reader gains a comprehensive overview on existing testbeds and practical knowledge documented in the referenced literature. The survey is laying the foundation for design decisions while developing an own testbed using the examples of described approaches.

关键词： Survey wireless sensor networks (WSNs) testbeds testing and debugging performance of systems

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Teaching students Property-based testing 40

Teaching students Property-based Testing

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40th Euromicro Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications (SEAA)

作者： Earle, Clara Benac Fredlund, Lars-Ake Marino, Julio Arts, Thomas Univ Politecn Madrid Babel Grp E-28040 Madrid Spain QuviQ Gothenburg Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9781479957958

testing is a crucial aspect of the development of dependable embedded systems, and therefore a significant effort is put into researching and developing efficient testing techniques. However, testing is not normally taught in specific courses at many universities, but rather as a peripheral activity to programming. In this paper, we report on three separate experiences at teaching an advanced testing technique, property-based testing, and a supporting tool, QuviQ QuickCheck, to both undergraduate and master students.

关键词： testing and debugging Computer science education

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Property-based testing of JSON based Web Services 21

Property-based Testing of JSON based Web Services

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21st IEEE International Conference on Web Services (ICWS)

作者： Fredlund, Lars-Ake Herranz, Angel Benac Earle, Clara Marino, Julio Univ Politecn Madrid Babel Grp E-28040 Madrid Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9781479950546

This article describes a systematic approach to testing behavioural aspects of Web Services that communicate using the JSON data format. As a key component, the Quviq QuickCheck property-based testing tool is used to automatically generate a large number of test cases from an abstract description of the service behaviour in the form of a finite state machine. The same behavioural description is also used to decide whether the execution of a test case is successful or not. To generate random JSON data for populating tests we have developed a new library, jsongen, which given a characterisation of the JSON data as a JSON schema, automatically derives a QuickCheck generator which is capable of generating an infinite number of JSON values that validate against the schema.

关键词： Web Services testing and debugging

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Diagnostic Tools for Wireless Sensor Networks: A Comparative Survey

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JOURNAL OF NETWORK AND SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT 2013年第3期21卷 408-452页

作者： Rodrigues, Andre Camilo, Tiago Silva, Jorge Sa Boavida, Fernando Univ Coimbra Ctr Informat & Sistemas P-3030290 Coimbra Portugal Inst Politecn Guarda Dept Engn Comp P-6300559 Guarda Portugal Univ Coimbra Dept Engn Informat P-3030290 Coimbra Portugal

The availability of tools to diagnose Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) failures is a key success factor for this type of networks as already demonstrated by several long-running deployments. By nature, WSNs are resource-constrained, fragile, complex to analyse, and failure-prone. Naturally, with the growing number of installations, it is becoming fundamental to efficiently diagnose failures as soon as possible, in order to deal with the underlying causes. In accordance with this, from 2005 onwards, the offer of diagnostic tools has been increasing, as the other base technologies (e.g. networking, operating system, localisation, synchronisation) become reasonably stable. The purpose of this survey is to provide an overview of existing post-deployment WSN diagnostic tools, by briefly presenting their functionality, architecture and constraints, in order to enable a basic understating of each tool. The survey also includes a multi-dimensional comparative analysis of the various tools, based on a proposed classification scheme and evaluation criteria, as well as an identification of the main open research issues. Although the number of diagnostic tools is high and considerable work has been done in this area, we conclude that there are still several challenges concerning post-deployment WSN diagnostic tools, regarding scope, flexibility, generality, mobility and security. Moreover, there is a need for mature, native diagnostic-oriented functionality in WSN platforms and operating systems.

关键词： Sensor networks Sensor diagnosing testing and debugging Sensor failure Embedded debugging

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Name-Based Analysis of Equally Typed Method Arguments

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 2013年第8期39卷 1127-1143页

作者： Pradel, Michael Gross, Thomas R. ETH Zurich Switzerland

When calling a method that requires multiple arguments, programmers must pass the arguments in the expected order. For statically typed languages, the compiler helps programmers by checking that the type of each argument matches the type of the formal parameter. Unfortunately, types are futile for methods with multiple parameters of the same type. How can a programmer check that equally typed arguments are passed in the correct order? This paper presents two simple, yet effective, static program analyses that detect problems related to the order of equally typed arguments. The key idea is to leverage identifier names to infer the semantics of arguments and their intended positions. The analyses reveal problems that affect the correctness, understandability, and maintainability of a program, such as accidentally reversed arguments and misleading parameter names. Most parts of the analyses are language-agnostic. We evaluate the approach with 24 real-world programs written in Java and C. Our results show the analyses to be effective and efficient. One analysis reveals anomalies in the order of equally typed arguments;it finds 54 relevant problems with a precision of 82 percent. The other analysis warns about misleading parameter names and finds 31 naming bugs with a precision of 39 percent.

关键词： testing and debugging maintenance documentation static program analysis anomaly detection method arguments

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Systematic bug finding and fault localization enhanced with input data tracking

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COMPUTERS & SECURITY 2013年 32卷 130-157页

作者： DeMott, Jared D. Enbody, Richard J. Punch, William F. Michigan State Univ Dept Comp Sci & Engn E Lansing MI 48824 USA

Fault localization (FL) is the process of debugging erroneous code and directing analysts to the root cause of the bug. With this in mind, we have developed a distributed, end-to-end fuzzing and analysis system that starts with a binary, identifies bugs, and subsequently localizes the bug's root cause. Our system does not require the test subject's source code, nor do we require a test suite. Our work focuses on an important class of bugs, memory corruption errors, which usually have software security implications. Thus, our approach appeals to software attack researchers as well. In addition to our bug hunting and analysis framework, we have enhanced code-coverage based fault localization by incorporating input data tainting and tracking using a light-weight binary instrumentation technique. By capturing code coverage and select input data usage, our new FL algorithm is able to better localize faults, and therefore better assist analysts. We report the application of our approach on large, real-world applications (Firefox and VLC), as well as the classic Siemens benchmark and other test programs. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： testing and debugging Software security Fault localization Distributed fuzzing Information flow controls

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Roundtable: What's Next in Software Analytics

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IEEE SOFTWARE 2013年第4期30卷 53-56页

作者： Hassan, Ahmed E. Hindle, Abram Runeson, Per Shepperd, Martin Devanbu, Prem Kim, Sunghun Queens Univ Software Anal & Intelligence Lab SAIL Sch Comp Kingston ON K7L 3N6 Canada Univ Alberta Edmonton AB T6G 2M7 Canada Lund Univ S-22100 Lund Sweden Brunel Univ London England Univ Calif Davis Davis CA 95616 USA Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China

For this special issue, the guest editors asked a panel of six established experts in software analytics to highlight what they thought were the most important, or overlooked, aspect of this field. They all pleaded for a much broader view of analytics than seen in current practice: software analytics should go beyond developers (Ahmed Hassan) and numbers (Per Runeson). Analytics should also prove its relevance to practitioners (Abram Hindle, Martin Shepperd). There are now opportunities for "natural" software analytics based on statistical natural language processing (Prem Devanbu). Lastly, software analytics needs information analysts and field agents like Chloe O'Brian and Jack Bauer in the TV show 24 (Sung Kim).

关键词： decision support information search and retrieval management metrics software/program verification statistical methods testing and debugging computer software computer programs Data analysis decision making support information retrieval Statistical methods Television

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Using Dependency Structures for Prioritization of Functional Test Suites

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 2013年第2期39卷 258-275页

作者： Haidry, Shifa-e-Zehra Miller, Tim Univ Melbourne Dept Comp & Informat Syst Melbourne Vic 3010 Australia

Test case prioritization is the process of ordering the execution of test cases to achieve a certain goal, such as increasing the rate of fault detection. Increasing the rate of fault detection can provide earlier feedback to system developers, improving fault fixing activity and, ultimately, software delivery. Many existing test case prioritization techniques consider that tests can be run in any order. However, due to functional dependencies that may exist between some test cases-that is, one test case must be executed before another-this is often not the case. In this paper, we present a family of test case prioritization techniques that use the dependency information from a test suite to prioritize that test suite. The nature of the techniques preserves the dependencies in the test ordering. The hypothesis of this work is that dependencies between tests are representative of interactions in the system under test, and executing complex interactions earlier is likely to increase the fault detection rate, compared to arbitrary test orderings. Empirical evaluations on six systems built toward industry use demonstrate that these techniques increase the rate of fault detection compared to the rates achieved by the untreated order, random orders, and test suites ordered using existing" coarse-grained" techniques based on function coverage.

关键词： Software engineering testing and debugging test execution

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Investigating the Correlation between Mutation Score and Coverage Score

Investigating the Correlation between Mutation Score and Cov...

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UKSim-AMSS 15th International Conference on Computer Modelling and Simulation (UKSim)

作者： Assylbekov, Berik Gaspar, Erick Uddin, Nasir Egan, Paul Univ Melbourne Dept Comp & Informat Syst Melbourne Vic Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9780769549941;9781467364218

Strong test suites ensure the correctness and quality of software. Coverage and Mutation score are widespread metrics for evaluating the quality of a test suite. Mutation analysis process improves a test suite to obtain higher coverage scores. We investigate the correlation between the mutation score and coverage scores (branch, statement, method and class) based on an open source program with a comprehensive pool of test cases and analyse the result sets using Atlassian Clover[2] and PIT[1]. Our experimental study has shown that mutation analysis can be used to produce quality test cases and to improve coverage scores in a feasible amount of time.

关键词： Coverage Score Mutation Analysis testing Strategies Mutation Score testing and debugging Assertions Unit testing

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Towards Better Fault Localization: A Crosstab-Based Statistical Approach

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART C-APPLICATIONS AND REVIEWS 2012年第3期42卷 378-396页

作者： Wong, W. Eric Debroy, Vidroha Xu, Dianxiang Univ Texas Dallas Dept Comp Sci Dallas TX 75219 USA Dakota State Univ Dept Comp Sci Madison SD 57042 USA

It is becoming prohibitively expensive and time consuming, as well as tedious and error-prone, to perform debugging manually. Among the debugging activities, fault localization has been one of the most expensive, and therefore, a large number of fault-localization techniques have been proposed over the recent years. This paper presents a crosstab-based statistical technique that makes use of the coverage information of each executable statement and the execution result (success or failure) with respect to each test case to localize faults in an effective and efficient manner. A crosstab is constructed for each executable statement, and a statistic is computed to determine the suspiciousness of the corresponding statement. Statements with a higher suspiciousness are more likely to contain bugs and should be examined before those with a lower suspiciousness. Case studies are performed on both small- (the Siemens and Unix suites) and large-sized programs (space, grep, gzip, and make), and results suggest that the crosstab-based technique (CBT) is more effective (in terms of a smaller percentage of executable statements that have to be examined until the first statement containing the fault is reached) than other techniques, such as Tarantula. Further studies using the Siemens suite reveal that the proposed technique is also more effective at locating faults than other statistically oriented techniques, such as SOBER and Liblit05. Additional experiments evaluate the CBT from other perspectives, such as its efficiency in terms of time taken, its applicability to object-oriented languages (on a very large Java program: Ant), and its sensitivity to test suite size, and demonstrate its superior performance.

关键词： Crosstab debugging aids software fault localization statistical methods testing and debugging

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