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检索条件"主题词=transform coding"

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INTRA PREDICTIVE transform coding BASED ON PREDICTIVE GRAPH transform

INTRA PREDICTIVE TRANSFORM CODING BASED ON PREDICTIVE GRAPH ...

引用

20th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)

作者： Wang, Yongzhe Ortega, Antonio Cheung, Gene Univ So Calif Signal & Image Proc Inst Los Angeles CA 20004 USA Natl Inst Informat Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781479923410

In this paper, we propose a new intra-frame coding approach using the predictive graph transform (PGT). The predicted block together with the reference pixels are modeled as a normal distributed random vector with respect to a graph whose edges represent the correlations between pixels. This model is more flexible than the Gaussian Markov random field (GMRF) model in the sense that it enables us to adapt the graph both before and after the collection of the statistics. The optimal prediction and the transform of the prediction residual are then derived jointly. Two PGT based intra coding schemes are proposed: one is based on global image statistics and the other is mode-adaptive, i.e., the graph is adaptive to different directional modes defined in H.264/AVC. The simulations show the advantage of our proposed approach over standard intra predictive transform coding in terms of both prediction quality and coding gain assuming the model parameters are known at decoder.

关键词： Intra prediction transform coding graph transform

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Closed-form quality measures for compressed medical images: Compression noise statistics of transform coding

Closed-form quality measures for compressed medical images: ...

引用

Medical Imaging 2004 Conference

作者： Li, DL Loew, M George Washington Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Washington DC 20052 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819452858

This paper provides a theoretical foundation for the closed-form expression of model observers on compressed images. in medical applications, model observers, especially the channelized Hotelling observer, have been successfully used to predict human observer performance and to evaluate image quality for detection tasks in various backgrounds. To use model observers, however, requires knowledge of noise statistics. This paper first identifies quantization noise as the sole distortion source in transform coding, one of the most commonly used methods for image compression. Then, it represents transform coding as a I-D block-based matrix expression, it further derives first and second moments, and the probability density function (pdf) of the compression noise at pixel, block and image levels. The compression noise statistics depend on the transform matrix and the quantization matrix in the transform coding algorithm. Compression noise is jointly normally distributed when the dimension of the transform (the block size) is typical and the contents of image sets vary randomly. Moreover, this paper uses JPEG as a test example to verify the derived statistics. The test simulation results show that the closed-form expression of JPEG quantization and compression noise statistics correctly predicts the estimated ones from actual images.

关键词： transform coding model observers JPEG compression noise image quality

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A Spectrally Adaptive Noise Filling Tool for Perceptual transform coding of Still Images 8

A Spectrally Adaptive Noise Filling Tool for Perceptual Tran...

引用

8th IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics - Berlin (ICCE-Berlin)

作者： Helmrich, Christian R. Bosse, Sebastian Keydel, Paul Schwarz, Heiko Marpe, Detlev Wiegand, Thomas Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Inst HHI Video Coding & Analyt VCA Dept Einsteinufer 37 D-10587 Berlin Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781538660959

Modern perceptual image coders reach impressively high subjective quality even at low bit-rates but tend to denoise or "detexturize" the coded pictures. Traditionally, two independent parametric approaches, known as texture and film grain synthesis, have been applied in the spatial domain as pre and post-processors around the codec to counteract such effects. In this work, a unified alternative, operating directly within the spectral domain of conventional transform codecs with tight coupling to the transform coefficient quantizer, is proposed. Due to its design, this spectrally adaptive noise filling tool (SANFT) enables highly input adaptive realizations by reusing the coder's existing optimized spatial and spectral partitioning algorithms. Formal subjective evaluation in the context of a "main still picture" High Efficiency Video coding (HEVC) implementation confirms the benefit of the proposal.

关键词： Film grain synthesis still image coding perceptual coding texture synthesis transform coding video coding HEVC

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Medical image compression using block-based transform coding techniques

Medical image compression using block-based transform coding...

引用

Conference on Digital Compression Technologies and Systems for Video Communications

作者： DeNeve, P Philips, W VanOverloop, J Lemahieu, I STATE UNIV GHENT IBITECHMEDISIPELISB-9000 GHENTBELGIUM

ISBN: (纸本)0819423564

The JPEG lossy compression technique in medical imagery has several disadvantages (at higher compression ratios), mainly due to block-distortion. We therefore investigated two methods, the lapped orthogonal transform (LOT) and the DCT/DST coder, for the use on medical image data. These techniques are block-based but they reduce the block- distortion by spreading it out over the entire image. These compression techniques were applied on four different types of medical images (MRI image, x-ray image, angiogram and CT- scan). They were then compared with results from JPEG and variable block size DCT coders. At a first stage, we determined the optimal block size for each image and for each technique. It was found that for a specific image, the optimal block size was independent of the different transform coders. For the x-ray image, the CT-scan and the angiogram an optimal block size of 32 by 32 was found, while for the MRI image the optimal block size was 16 by 16. Afterwards, for all images the rate-distortion curves of the different techniques were calculated, using the optimal block size. The overall conclusion from our experiments is that the LOT is the best transform among the ones being investigated for compressing medical images of many different kinds. However, JPEG should be used for very high image qualities, as it then requires almost the same bit rate as the LOT and as it requires fewer computations than the LOT technique.

关键词： image compression lossy medical JPEG transform coding block-based

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A STAIRCASE transform coding SCHEME FOR SCREEN CONTENT VIDEO coding 23

A STAIRCASE TRANSFORM CODING SCHEME FOR SCREEN CONTENT VIDEO...

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23rd IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)

作者： Chen, Cheng Han, Jingning Xu, Yaowu Bankoski, James Google Inc WebM Codec Team 1600 Amphitheatre Pkwy Mountain View CA 94043 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781467399616

Demand for screen content videos that contain computer generated text and graphics is growing. They are very different from natural videos, because they include much sharper edge transitions and very repetitive patterns. On this type of material, the efficacy of the conventional discrete cosine transform (DCT) is questionable because it relies on the assumption that a Gauss-Markov model leads to a base-band signal. However, the assumption may not hold true for screen content material. This work exploits a class of staircase transforms. Unlike the DCT whose bases are samplings of sinusoidal functions, the staircase transforms have their bases sampled from staircase functions, which better approximate the sharp transitions often encountered in the context of screen content. The staircase transform is integrated into a hybrid transform coding scheme, in conjunction with DCT. It is experimentally shown that the proposed approach provides an average of 2.9% compression performance gains in terms of BD-rate reduction. A perceptual comparison further demonstrates that the use of staircase transform achieves substantial reduction in ringing artifact due to the Gibbs phenomenon.

关键词： transform coding screen content ringing artifact staircase transform

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Towards Optimality in Multiterminal transform coding

Towards Optimality in Multiterminal Transform Coding

引用

Data Compression Conference (DCC)

作者： Akyol, Emrah Rose, Kenneth Univ Calif Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780769546568

This paper is concerned with transform coding of correlated sources in conjunction with variable rate quantization at high resolution. The approach builds on our prior work on optimality conditions for transform coding in the point-to-point setting. The first contribution involves transform coding with decoder side information. In this setting, side information is only available to the decoder, whereas the encoder knows the joint statistics. The necessary and sufficient condition for optimality of a unitary transform in the side information setting is derived, namely, such transform minimizes a conditional divergence-based measure of inter-dependence of the transform coefficients, given the side information. This optimality result subsumes prior, known results that were restricted to the Gaussian case, where the conditional Karhunen-Loeve transform is optimal. The second contribution involves distributed transform coding, where two correlated sources are to be transform coded separately, but decoded jointly. The necessary and sufficient condition for optimality of unitary transforms in the distributed coding setting is derived. It is then specialized to produce closed form optimal transforms for specific source densities, including the case of jointly Gaussian sources.

关键词： distributed coding transform coding

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HYBRID DIGITAL ANALOG transform coding

HYBRID DIGITAL ANALOG TRANSFORM CODING

引用

IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Ruengeler, Matthias Vary, Peter Rhein Westfal TH Aachen Inst Commun Syst & Data Proc Ind Aachen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781479903566

One problem of conventional digital transmission systems is that the transmission fidelity always saturates at the design channel quality (worst-case channel condition);this saturation is due to the irreversible quantization error introduced by the source coder. Hybrid digital analog (HDA) codes address this problem by additionally transmitting the inherent quantization error by pseudo-analog methods. However, the design and the decoding of these HDA codes is complex or even impossible for long block lengths (look-up table decoding). In this study we propose an HDA transmission system for sources with correlation supporting long block lengths. This is achieved by combining transform coding with HDA transmission using well-known digital channel codes. For the evaluation Monte Carlo simulations are used with a normalized discrete cosine transform (DCTN) and Turbo codes as the digital part and LMMSE estimation in the pseudo-analog part of the HDA system. The proposed HDA system with transform coding outperforms the purely digital transmission system at all channel qualities and exploits the expected gain due to source correlation.

关键词： Hybrid Digital Analog (HDA) transform coding Turbo code LMMSE estimator

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Suboptimality of the Karhunen-Loeve transform for transform coding

Suboptimality of the Karhunen-Loeve transform for transform ...

引用

Data Compression Conference 2003 (DCC2003)

作者： Effros, M Feng, HY Zeger, K CALTECH Dept Elect Engn Pasadena CA 91125 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0769518966

We examine the performance of the KLT for transform coding applications. The KLT has long been viewed as the best available block transform for transform coding. This paper treats fixed-rate and variable-rate transform codes. The fixed-rate approach uses an optimal fixed-rate scalar quantizer to describe the transform coefficients;the variable-rate approach uses a uniform scalar quantizer followed by an optimal entropy code. Earlier work shows that for the variable-rate case there exist sources on which the KLT is not unique and the optimal transform code matched to a "worst'' KLT yields performance as much as 1.5 dB worse than the optimal transform code matched to a "best" KLT. In this paper, we strengthen that result to show that in both the fixed-rate and the variable-rate coding frameworks there exist sources for which the performance penalty for using a "worst" KLT can be made arbitrarily large. Further, we demonstrate in both frameworks that there exist sources for which even a best KLT gives suboptimal performance. Finally, we show that even for vector sources where the KLT yields independent coefficients, the KLT can be suboptimal for fixed-rate coding.

关键词： Data compression Karhunen-Loeve transforms transform coding

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Nonlinear transform coding for VVC Intra coding

Nonlinear Transform Coding for VVC Intra Coding

引用

Picture coding Symposium (PCS)

作者： Schaefer, Michael Pfaff, Jonathan Schwarz, Heiko Marpe, Detlev Wiegand, Thomas Fraunhofer Inst Telecommun Heinrich Hertz Ins Berlin Germany Free Univ Berlin Inst Comp Sci Berlin Germany Tech Univ Berlin Dept Telecommun Syst Berlin Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350358483;9798350358490

Modern hybrid video codecs like Versatile Video coding (VVC) heavily rely on transform coding tools. Given a prediction signal at the encoder, the residual is transformed using trigonometric transforms. Rate-distortion-optimized quantization (RDOQ) and entropy coding of the transformed residual is well-understood due to the orthogonality and the energy compaction of these transforms. Within this setting, there is considerable success in optimizing secondary orthogonal transforms. The most prominent example is the Low-Frequency Non-Separable transform (LFNST) in VVC. However, training nonlinear transforms without re-designing the RDOQ and entropy coding stage is a hard problem. In learned image compression, variational autoencoders have shown impressive results, but they use their own entropy model, remain difficult to train for small blocks and RDOQ is nontrivial for them. This paper describes a novel design of a nonlinear transform network for block-based video coding. Given a transform block, a fully-connected neural network predict coefficients from previously reconstructed ones and the adherent block boundary, such that only the residual coefficients need to be transmitted. Furthermore, another neural network filters the entire transform block before the inverse transform is applied and the intra prediction signal is added. Against the Versatile Video coding Test Model 14.2 (VTM-14.2), luma bit-rate savings of approximately 1.9 % are reported for the All-Intra configuration.

关键词： Versatile Video coding (VVC) transform coding Learned Video Compression Machine Learning

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High Efficient Hardware Allocation Framework of Arbitrary Inverse transform coding Blocks in H.265

High Efficient Hardware Allocation Framework of Arbitrary In...

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International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ISPACS)

作者： Sun, Chi-Chia Lai, Heng-Chi Lin, Sin-Kun Sheu, Ming-Hwa Berekovic, Mladen Natl Formosa Univ Deptpart Elect Engn Huwei Taiwan Natl Yunlin Univ Sci & Tech Dept Elect Engn Touliu Taiwan TU Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781467364997

In this paper, a high efficient arbitrary transform blocks hardware allocation framework is proposed, which can adapt the prediction tree structure and then improve the utilization ratio as well as a parallel hardware design to improve the data throughput. This method will configure an appropriate combination of five different size inverse transform units: Fast IDST, 4x4 IDCT, 8x8 IDCT, 16x16 IDCT and 32x32 IDCT. If the input video stream changed, it will reconfigure the combination and allocated the hardware resources to retain a high utilization ratio in hardware framework. Experiments show that the performance of the proposed method is improved from 48.8% to 96.2% under various conditions. The proposed method can enhance the efficiency of H.265 decoder.

关键词： FPGA h.265 transform coding quad-tree partition

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