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A low-delay transform domain approach to trellis coded quantization

SPEECH COMMUNICATION 1997年第3期21卷 141-153页

作者： Sanchez, V Rubio, AJ LopezSoler, JM delaTorre, A Peinado, AM Dpto. de Electrónica y Tecnología de Computadores Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Granada 18071- Granada Spain

In this paper we propose a new transform domain coding technique called transform trellis coded quantization (TTCQ) that is based on the trellis coded quantization technique recently proposed where Ungerboeck's amplitude modulation trellises and set partitioning ideas are used for source coding. We combine the proposed technique with a transform domain formulation far small frame sizes obtaining a transform domain scheme suitable for low-delay speech coding. We have applied this scheme to the coding of 7 kHz wideband speech, studying its performance for several discrete transforms and comparing it with a predictive version of the trellis coded quantization technique for different bit rates and number of states in the trellis.

关键词： speech coding transform domain trellis coded quantization low-delay discrete cosine transform

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Uniform trellis coded quantization for image transmission over noisy channels

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SIGNAL PROCESSING-IMAGE COMMUNICATION 1999年第6-8期14卷 575-584页

作者： Chen, CW Sun, ZH Univ Missouri Dept Elect Engn Columbia MO 65211 USA Univ Rochester Dept Elect Engn Rochester NY 14627 USA

A combined source/channel coding scheme without explicit error protection is proposed to transmit images through binary noisy channels. Unlike the error protection with re-transmission scheme and error concealment scheme by inserting synchronization codewords to entropy-coded bitstream, the proposed coding scheme employs transform coding, fixed-rate uniform threshold trellis coded quantization (UTTCQ) and optimal bit allocation algorithm (BAA) to organize the bitstream in a way that is less sensitive to channel noise, achieving data compression and error resilience at the same time. An image is first block transformed to the frequency domain and the same frequency components in different blocks are grouped together as a single subsource. Every subsource is then quantized by a uniform threshold trellis coded quantizer constructed based on the mean and variance of the subsource. Steepest descent method and iterative scheme are employed to determine the optimum bit allocation among the subsources subject to the constraints of the average coding rate and allowable bits to each sample. The coding system uses no error protection, no synchronization codewords and no entropy coding. However, it shows decent compression ratio and gracious degradation with respect to increasing channel errors. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： trellis coded quantization fixed length coding error-resilient image coding optimal bit allocation noisy channel image compression

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Progressive image coding using trellis coded quantization

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING 1999年第11期8卷 1638-1643页

作者： Bilgin, A Sementilli, PJ Marcellin, MW Univ Arizona Dept Elect & Comp Engn Tucson AZ 85721 USA Sci Applicat Int Corp Tucson AZ 85711 USA

In this work, we present coding techniques that enable progressive transmission when trellis coded quantization (TCQ) is applied to wavelet coefficients. A method for approximately inverting TCQ in the absence of least significant bits is developed. Results are presented using different rate allocation strategies and different entropy coders. The proposed wavelet-TCQ coder yields excellent coding efficiency while supporting progressive modes analogous to those available in JPEG.

关键词： image coding image compression JPEG 2000 progressive transmission trellis coded quantization

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Compress-and-Forward Via Multilevel Coding and trellis coded quantization

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IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS 2021年第4期25卷 1163-1167页

作者： Wan, Heping Host-Madsen, Anders Nosratinia, Aria Univ Texas Dallas Dept Elect Engn Richardson TX 75080 USA Univ Hawaii Manoa Dept Elect Engn Honolulu HI 96822 USA

Compress-forward (CF) relays can improve communication rates even when the relay cannot decode the source signal. Efficient implementation of CF is a topic of contemporary interest, in part because of its potential impact on wireless technologies such as cloud-RAN. There exists a gap between the performance of CF implementations in the high spectral efficiency regime and the corresponding information theoretic achievable rates. We begin by re-framing a dilemma causing this gap, and propose an approach for its mitigation. We utilize trellis coded quantization (TCQ) at the relay together with multi-level coding at the source and relay, in a manner that facilitates the calculation of bit LLRs at the destination for joint decoding. The contributions of this work include designing TCQ for end-to-end relay performance, since a distortion-minimizing TCQ is suboptimum. The reported improvements include a 1dB gain over prior results for PSK modulation.

关键词： Relays Decoding Iterative decoding Encoding quantization (signal) Modulation Convolutional codes Compress-forward relay coded modulation multilevel coding trellis coded quantization

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Embedded trellis coded quantization

Embedded Trellis Coded Quantization

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Data Compression Conference

作者： Brunk, H Farvardin, N Univ Maryland Dept Elect Engn College Pk MD 20742 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0818684062

Embedded trellis coded quantization (E-TCQ) is introduced as an embedded quantization technique which achieves good rate-distortion performance for reasonable computational complexity. The performance of E-TCQ is investigated for memoryless Gaussian, Laplacian, and uniform sources. E-TCQ is shown to outperform multi-stage TCQ. For Gaussian and Laplacian sources the performance of E-TCQ shows large gains over the performance of scalar embedded quantizers. In the case of a Gaussian source, the performance loss of E-TCQ compared with TCQ decreases with increasing number of trellis states.

关键词： trellis coded quantization Gauss embedding Laplacian operator

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A Fronthaul Signal Compression Method Based on trellis coded quantization

A Fronthaul Signal Compression Method Based on Trellis Coded...

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IEEE Latin-American Conference on Communications (LATINCOM)

作者： Brito, Flavio Berg, Miguel Lu, Chenguang Ramalho, Leonardo Sousa, Ilan Klautau, Aldebaro Fed Univ Para Belem Para Brazil Ericsson Res Stockholm Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9781728139555

In the C-RAN architecture, there is a very high requirement of data rate for the fronthaul due to the characteristics and the high number of signals. One of the solutions relies on compression techniques to alleviate this requirement. Therefore, in this work, we propose a compression technique based on trellis coded quantization. We use a resampling of 2/3, block scaling, TCQ quantization, and entropy coding. The results show that improves EVM performance in comparison with the scalar quantization and presents a lower computational cost than vector quantization.

关键词： Compression 5G trellis coded quantization Fronthaul C-RAN LTE

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Wavelet/trellis coded quantization of complex SAR imagery 29

Wavelet/trellis coded quantization of complex SAR imagery

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29th Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop

作者： Heermans, JM Rouse, R Chang, CF Bonneau, R Lockheed Martin Management & Data Syst Reconnaissance Syst Goodyear AZ 85338 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0769509789

Recent advancements in radar sensor technology and processing capabilities enable a large volume of data to be collected and made available to the war fighter. However, the bandwidth of data dissemination and storage is strained. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery, different from other remote sensors, is complex, containing not only magnitude but also phase components, i.e., two channels per pixel. This paper describes Lockheed Martin's wavelet/trellis coded quantization (W/TCQ) compression algorithm and presents results of quantitative assessment of the impact of data compression on complex SAR data. Compression performance was evaluated both quantitatively using statistical measurements and qualitatively by image analysts. Trade studies of various compression schemes and data formats were also investigated. Data distortion due to compression/decompression was assessed using statistical metrics such as signal-to-quantization noise ratio, RMS phase distortion, and ability to support subsequent complex data processing operations. Quantitative assessments were performed with error analyses and a simple decision function to address how data compression affects A TR performance. Data compression did not significantly reduce image utility for magnitude channel compression ratios of up to 64:1. On the other hand, the phase channel compression required 4 bits per pixel to allow adequate phase fidelity to support subsequent complex operations. Magnitude/phase representation afforded better compression results than representing the data in I/Q format. Should this finding remain consistent, it has a significant impact on the compression scheme employed in an operational scenario. The magnitude and phase channels can be allocated different compression ratios to maintain both high quality image interpretability and necessary phase fidelity.

关键词： compression complex SAR trellis coded quantization radar

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Successively refinable trellis coded quantization

Successively refinable trellis coded quantization

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Data Compression Conference

作者： Jafarkhani, H Tarokh, V AT&T Bell Labs Res Red Bank NJ 07701 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0818684062

We propose successively refinable trellis coded quantizers which are suitable for progressive transmission. A new trellis structure which is scalable is used in the design of our trellis coded quantizers. A hierarchical set partitioning is used to preserve successive refinability. Two algorithms for designing trellis coded quantizers which provide embedded bit streams are provided. The computational complexity of the proposed schemes is compared with that of trellis coded quantization. Simulation results show good performances for memoryless sources.

关键词： trellis codes trellis coded quantization bit stream quantizer set partitioning quantization complexity classes Scalability

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Generalized trellis coded quantization for data hiding

Generalized trellis coded quantization for data hiding

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32nd IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing

作者： Wang, Xiaofeng Zhang, Xiao-Ping Ryerson Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn 350 Victoria St Toronto ON M5B 2K3 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)1424407281

Information theory guides us to investigate the choice of quantizers for data hiding applications. In this paper, the design of the quantizer selection rule in trellis coded quantization (TCQ) based data hiding is discussed. A novel trellis branch quantizer selection rule which changes the old state transition function and takes advantage of all trellis states is proposed so as to increase robustness against attacks. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the new TCQ path selection (or branch selection) method achieves better bit error rate (BER) performance in the case of Gaussian attack compared to other popular approaches. The path selection rule could also be used as a secret key to provide security for the practical data hiding.

关键词： trellis coded quantization data hiding bit error rate

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A new implementation of trellis coded quantization based data hiding

A new implementation of trellis coded quantization based dat...

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33rd IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing

作者： Wang, Xiaofeng Zhang, Xiao-Ping Ryerson Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Toronto ON M5B 2K3 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781424414833

This paper discusses the construction and implementation problem of trellis coded quantization (TCQ) based data hiding. We explore the robustness and distortion of data hiding by analyzing its duality with distributed source coding. Based on our analysis a new implementation of the powerful trellis coded modulation (TCM) and TCQ data hiding scheme is presented. It simplifies the construction process with only one trellis and achieves a good tradeoff between robustness and distortion by embedding the information in the middle input of TCQ. Simulation is conducted for Gaussian, Laplacian and real image sources under additive Gaussian noise attack. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the new implementation.

关键词： data hiding trellis coded quantization trellis coded modulation Gaussian noise attack

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