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trellis-coded quantization for binary erasure channels

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION THEORY 1999年第2期45卷 781-787页

作者： Yang, LY Fischer, TR Intel Corp Hillsboro OR 97124 USA Washington State Univ Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci Pullman WA 99164 USA

trellis-coded quantizers (TCQ) are designed for the binary erasure channel (BEC) for memoryless sources. When the bit erasure rate is large, the channel-optimized TCQ can provide up to 1.4 dB improvement over TCQ desi... 详细信息

关键词： binary erasure channel channel transmission error scalar quantization trellis-coded quantization

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trellis-coded quantization FOR END-TO-END LEARNED IMAGE COMPRESSION 29

TRELLIS-CODED QUANTIZATION FOR END-TO-END LEARNED IMAGE COMP...

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IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)

作者： Suhring, Karsten Schafer, Michael Pfaff, Jonathan Schwarz, Heiko Marpe, Detlev Wiegand, Thomas Fraunhofer Inst Telecommun Heinrich Hertz Inst Berlin Germany Free Univ Berlin Inst Comp Sci Berlin Germany Tech Univ Berlin Dept Telecommun Syst Berlin Germany

ISBN: (数字)9781665496209

ISBN: (纸本)9781665496209

The performance of variational auto-encoders (VAE) for image compression has steadily grown in recent years, thus becoming competitive with advanced visual data compression technologies. These neural networks transform the source image into a latent space with a channel-wise representation. In most works, the latents are scalar quantized before being entropy coded. On the other hand, vector quantizers generally achieve denser packings of high-dimensional data regardless of the source distribution. Hence, low-complexity variants of these quantizers are implemented in the compression standards JPEG 2000 and Versatile Video Coding. In this paper we demonstrate coding gains by using trellis-coded quantization (TCQ) over scalar quantization. For the optimization of the networks with regard to TCQ, we employ a specific noisy representation of the features during the training stage. For variable-rate VAEs, we obtained 7.7% average BD-rate savings on the Kodak images by using TCQ over scalar quantization. When different networks per target bitrate are optimized, we report a relative coding gain of 2.4% due to TCQ.

关键词： Deep Learning Auto-Encoder Rate-Distortion-Optimization trellis-coded quantization

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Low Complexity trellis-coded quantization in Versatile Video Coding

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING 2021年 30卷 2378-2393页

作者： Wang, Meng Wang, Shiqi Li, Junru Zhang, Li Wang, Yue Ma, Siwei Kwong, Sam City Univ Hong Kong Dept Comp Sci Hong Kong Peoples R China Peking Univ Inst Digital Media Beijing 100871 Peoples R China Bytedance Inc San Diego CA 92122 USA Bytedance HK Ltd Hong Kong Peoples R China

The forthcoming Versatile Video Coding (VVC) standard adopts the trellis-coded quantization, which leverages the delicate trellis graph to map the quantization candidates within one block into the optimal path. Despite the high compression efficiency, the complex trellis search with soft-decision quantization may hinder the applications due to high complexity and low throughput capacity. To reduce the complexity, in this paper, we propose a low complexity trellis-coded quantization scheme in a scientifically sound way with theoretical modeling of the rate and distortion. As such, the trellis departure point can be adaptively adjusted, and unnecessarily visited branches are accordingly pruned, leading to the shrink of total trellis stages and simplification of transition branches. Extensive experimental results on the VVC test model show that the proposed scheme is effective in reducing the encoding complexity by 11% and 5% with all intra and random access configurations, respectively, at the cost of only 0.11% and 0.05% BD-Rate increase. Meanwhile, on average 24% and 27% quantization time savings can be achieved under all intra and random access configurations. Due to the excellent performance, the VVC test model has adopted one implementation of the proposed scheme.

关键词： trellis-coded quantization soft quantization rate distortion optimization VVC video coding

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PERFORMANCE OF JOINT trellis-coded quantization MODULATION WITH A BAYES RECEIVER

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IEE PROCEEDINGS-COMMUNICATIONS 1994年第1期141卷 13-19页

作者： WU, J HO, P CUPERMAN, V Sch. of Eng. Sci. Simon Fraser Univ. Burnaby Canada

The performance, based on the mean squared error criterion, of joint trellis-coded-quantisation (TCQ) and trellis-coded-modulation (TCM) systems operating in the additive-white-Gaussian-noise (AWGN) channel and the Rayleigh flat-fading channel is studied. Instead of a conventional Viterbi receiver, the authors propose an optimal nonlinear receiver based on Bayesian estimation theory. Since the Bayes receiver makes use of information from both the source and the channel coders, it can perform significantly better than the Viterbi receiver (which only makes use of information about the channel coder), especially at moderate to low channel signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). For example, in an AWGN channel with a SNR of 5 dB and a source rate R of 3 bit/sample, the simulation results show that the Bayes receiver is about 3 dB better than the Viterbi receiver in terms of the source SNR. The improvement is even higher for the Rayleigh fading channel. For high channel SNR, the performances of the two receivers are almost identical. In its original form, the Bayes receiver has a very high computational complexity. It is shown that, by exploiting the structure of the TCQ, it is possible to reduce the decoding complexity of this receiver.

关键词： trellis-coded quantization trellis-coded MODULATION BAYES RECEIVER

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Image coding with robust channel-optimized trellis-coded quantization

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IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS 2000年第6期18卷 940-951页

作者： Lam, TT Abousleman, GP Karam, LJ Arizona State Univ Dept Elect Engn Ctr Telecommun Res Tempe AZ 85287 USA Motorola Inc Syst Solut Grp Scottsdale AZ 85257 USA

This paper presents a wavelet-based image coder that is optimized for transmission over the binary symmetric channel (BSC), The proposed coder uses a robust channel-optimized trellis-coded quantization (COTCQ) stage that is designed to optimize the image coding based on the channel characteristics. A phase scrambling stage is also used to further increase the coding performance and robustness to nonstationary signals and channels. The resilience to channel errors is obtained by optimizing the coder performance only at the level of the source encoder with no explicit channel coding for error protection, For the considered TCQ trellis structure, a general expression is derived for the transition probability matrix in terms of the TCQ encoding rate and tbe channel bit error rate, and is used to design the COTCQ stage of the image coder The robust nature of the coder also increases the security level of the encoded bit stream and provides a much more visually pleasing rendition of the decoded image. Examples are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed robust image coder.

关键词： channel-optimized source coding noisy channels robust quantization trellis-coded quantization wavelet image compression

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A trellis-coded quantization Approach to Transmitting Correlated Gaussian Sources Over a Fading MAC Without Transmitter-CSI

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 2021年第5期69卷 2975-2986页

作者： Yahampath, Pradeepa Illangakoon, Chathura Univ Manitoba Dept Elect & Comp Engn Winnipeg MB R3T 5V6 Canada

It is known that source-channel separation is sub-optimal for communicating correlated Gaussian sources over a Gaussian multiple access channel (GMAC). Considering a two-to-one GMAC which undergoes Rayleigh block-fading, we present a novel approach to practical joint source-channel coding for the scenario in which the common receiver has instantaneous CSI but only the CSI distribution is available to the individual transmitters. This approach, referred to as source-channel trellis-coded vector quantization (SC-TCVQ), simply relies on using TCVQs as fixed-rate source-channel encoders. One key issue is the optimization of the TCVQ codebooks to the mean channel signal-to-noise ratio (CSNR), and to this end, we present an analytical method to obtain the rates required for codebook design. Another key issue is the joint estimation of the sources at the receiver, for which we present a detector-estimator based on the Cartesian product of the two encoder-trellises. Simulation results show that the proposed SC-TCVQ codes, in some cases, can even beat the asymptotic performance bound for a separate source-channel code consisting of a distributed vector quantizer and capacity achieving channel codes. SC-TCVQ appears to be the best known practical code design to date for the given communication problem.

关键词： Encoding Transmitters Receivers Rayleigh channels Decoding Correlation Bandwidth Multiple-access channels Rayleigh fading joint source-channel coding rate-distortion theory distributed vector quantization trellis-coded quantization uncoded transmission

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Multiple description trellis-coded quantization

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 1999年第6期47卷 799-803页

作者： Jafarkhani, H Tarokh, V AT&T Labs Res Red Bank NJ 07701 USA AT&T Labs Res Florham Pk NJ 07932 USA

We present a construction of multiple description trellis-coded quantizers. We use the tensor product of trellises to build a trellis which is applicable to multiple description coding. The problems of index assignment and set partitioning for the resulting trellis are considered, The Viterbi algorithm provides the best path for encoding and the design procedure utilizes a generalized Lloyd algorithm. The encoding process simultaneously generates all the transmitted sequences. Furthermore, the complexity of the scheme is almost independent of the rate. The quantizer provides remarkable performance with little encoding complexity.

关键词： diversity systems multiple description source coding trellis-coded quantization

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Optimal soft decoding for combined trellis-coded quantization/modulation

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 2000年第6期48卷 901-904页

作者： Ho, KP Chei, KH Chinese Univ Hong Kong Dept Informat Engn Shatin Hong Kong Peoples R China

The maximum a posteriori (MAP) algorithm is used as a minimum mean-squared-error decoder for combined trellis-coded quantization and modulation. The optimal trellis-coded quantizer is derived when the soft-decoding MAP algorithm is used as a decoder. The trellis-coded quantizer and the soft decoder are optimized iteratively for minimum overall distortion from transmitter input to receiver output. Significant performance improvement is achieved for both memoryless Gaussian and uniform source, especially for very noisy channels.

关键词： combined source-channel coding soft-decoding trellis-coded modulation trellis-coded quantization

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Rate-Constrained trellis-coded quantization for Large-Scale Noisy Graph Signals

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IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS 2022年第4期26卷 907-911页

作者： Lin, Siman Wang, Lin Fang, Yong Chen, Guanrong Xiamen Univ Dept Commun Engn Xiamen 361005 Peoples R China Changan Univ Sch Informat Engn Xian 710064 Shaanxi Peoples R China City Univ Hong Kong Dept Elect Engn Hong Kong Peoples R China

We consider the issue of compressing large-scale noise-corrupted graph signals under a rate constraint, to tackle the communication resource limitations, from rate-distortion perspective. To guarantee the fidelity of the overall compression system for noisy graph signals, we adopt the technique of kernel ridge regression on graphs for preprocessing. We show that, as a compression component for the output of the kernel ridge regression, trellis-coded quantization has superior distortion performance in comparison to other feasible quantization methods for long source blocks, and hence is suitable for large-scale graph signals. Targeting at decreasing further distortion in the multiple trellis-coded quantizer system under rate restriction, we design a novel rate allocation scheme based on the intrinsic topology of graph signals and the rate-distortion characteristics of trellis-coded quantization. We perform sufficient simulation with in-depth analysis, which demonstrates both the effectiveness of the proposed trellis-coded quantization for large-scale noisy graph signals and the advantage of the proposed rate allocation scheme over the existing rate allocation schemes in the common distortion measure under communication resource constraint.

关键词： quantization (signal) Noise measurement Distortion Kernel Resource management Topology Rate-distortion Noisy graph signal kernel ridge regression trellis-coded quantization rate distortion rate allocation

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Variable dimension trellis-coded quantization of sinusoidal parameters

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IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING LETTERS 2008年第1期15卷 17-20页

作者： Larsen, Morten Holm Christensen, Mads Graesboll Jensen, Soren Holdt Aalborg Univ Dept Elect Syst DK-9220 Aalborg Denmark

In this letter, we propose joint quantization of the parameters of a set of sinusoids based on the theory of trellis-coded quantization. A particular advantage of this approach is that it allows for joint quantization of a variable number of sinusoids, which is particularly relevant in variable rate parametric audio coding. Under high-resolution assumptions and based on a perceptually relevant distortion measure, we derive analytical expressions for the optimal design subject to an entropy constraint. Numerical experiments show a significant performance gain compared to optimal spherical quantization at the cost of a slight increase in computational complexity.

关键词： parametric audio coding spherical quantization trellis-coded quantization variable dimension vector quantization

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