In this paper, we present an analytical modeling framework for supporting and evaluating the impact of shadowing and beamforming on the topological connectivity of cognitive radio ad-hoc networks (CRAHNs) where primar...
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In this paper, we present an analytical modeling framework for supporting and evaluating the impact of shadowing and beamforming on the topological connectivity of cognitive radio ad-hoc networks (CRAHNs) where primary users (PUs) are equipped with omnidirectional antennas while secondary users (SUs) are equipped with directional antennas such as uniformlineararray (ULA) antenna and uniform circular array (UCA) antenna. The main features and contributions in this paper are as follows. First, we derive a formula for calculating effective coverage area of a node in secondary network by taking the effect of path loss, antenna model, and beamforming scheme into consideration. Second, we mathematically analyze the expected number of neighbors and communication probability of a SU based on the effective coverage area of SU and the spatial-temporal existence of PU's operation. We also derive the expression of the upper bound of path connectivity between two arbitrary SUs in the networks. Third, we point out that UCA antenna is the most suitable antenna for CRAHNs. We find the optimal number of elements corresponding to each type of directional antenna at which the highest connectivity can be achieved. The validity of our analysis is verified by comparing with simulations. The results in this paper provide efficient guidelines for system designers to characterize and optimize the connectivity of CRAHNs with beamforming.
A broadband RF delay-and-sum (DAS) beamformer, which employs wide-band CMOS all-pass filters for achieving the desired time delays, is discussed in this work. The use of all-pass filters eliminates the need of I/Q mix...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781479941322
A broadband RF delay-and-sum (DAS) beamformer, which employs wide-band CMOS all-pass filters for achieving the desired time delays, is discussed in this work. The use of all-pass filters eliminates the need of I/Q mixers and transmission line-based delay stages used in the previously reported DAS beamformers. The proposed all-pass filter can achieve approximately linear-phase delay across GHz-range of frequencies, which is amendable for wide-band beamforming. The delay-and-sum section of the beamformer was designed and simulated for an array of 4 antennas, with the desired signal direction of arrival of 11. from broadside direction. The performance of the wide-band DAS beamformer is obtained with simulations in IBM 130-nm CMOS technology. Moreover, experimental results for the main building block of the circuit, the voltage-mode all-pass filter with the nominal 33 ps delay, are given to strengthen the feasibility of physical implementation of such a beamformer.
Localization plays an important role in robotics for the tasks of monitoring, tracking and controlling a robot. Much effort has been made to address robot localization problems in recent years. However, despite many p...
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Localization plays an important role in robotics for the tasks of monitoring, tracking and controlling a robot. Much effort has been made to address robot localization problems in recent years. However, despite many proposed solutions and thorough consideration, in terms of developing a low-cost and fast processing method for multiple-source signals, the robot localization problem is still a challenge. In this paper, we propose a solution for robot localization with regards to these concerns. In order to locate the position of a robot, both the coordinate and the orientation of a robot are necessary. We develop a localization method using the Matrix Pencil (MP) algorithm for hybrid detection of direction of arrival (DOA) and time of arrival (TOA). TOA of the signal is estimated for computing the distance between the mobile robot and a base station (BS). Based on the distance and the estimated DOA, we can estimate the mobile robot's position. The characteristics of the algorithm are examined through analysing simulated experiments and the results demonstrate the advantages of our method over previous works in dealing with the above challenges. The method is constructed based on the low-cost infrastructure of radio frequency devices;the DOA/TOA estimation is performed with just single value decomposition for fast processing. Finally, the MP algorithm combined with tracking using a Kalman filter allows our proposed method to locate the positions of multiple source signals.
This paper investigates the impact of using directional antennas and beamforming schemes on the connectivity of cognitive radio ad hoc networks (CRAHNs). Specifically, considering that secondary users use two kinds of...
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This paper investigates the impact of using directional antennas and beamforming schemes on the connectivity of cognitive radio ad hoc networks (CRAHNs). Specifically, considering that secondary users use two kinds of directional antennas, i.e., uniformlineararray (ULA) and uniform circular array (UCA) antennas, and two different beamforming schemes, i.e., randomized beamforming and center-directed to communicate with each other, we study the connectivity of all combination pairs of directional antennas and beamforming schemes and compare their performances to those of omnidirectional antennas. The results obtained in this paper show that, compared with omnidirectional transmission, beamforming transmission only benefits the connectivity when the density of secondary user is moderate. Moreover, the combination of UCA and randomized beamforming scheme gives the highest path connectivity in all evaluating scenarios. Finally, the number of antenna elements and degree of path loss greatly affect path connectivity in CRAHNs.
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