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IRS-Assisted Communication in Three-Dimensional Stochastic Geometry Channel Utilising uniform rectangular array Transmitters with Hardware Defects

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WIRELESS PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS 2025年第1-2期140卷 527-560页

作者： Antwi, Owusu Agyeman Affum, Emmanuel Ampoma Tweneboah-Koduah, Samuel Oppong, Maxwell Afriyie Abubakar, Ruhyia Willie, Ofosu Ghana Commun Technol Univ Dept Telecommun Engn Accra 00233 Greater Accra Ghana Kwame Nkrumah Univ Sci & Technol Dept Telecommun Engn Kumasi 00233 Ashanti Region Ghana Univ Energy & Nat Resources Dept Comp & Elect Engn Sunyani 00233 Bono Region Ghana Kumasi Tech Univ Dept Elect & Elect Engn Kumasi 00233 Ashanti Region Ghana Ghana Commun Technol Univ Dept Elect & Elect Engn Accra 00233 Greater Accra Ghana Penn State Wilkes Barre Dept Elect Engn Dallas PA 18612 USA

The increasing demand for efficient and reliable wireless communication has driven interest in Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces (IRS). This study introduces a novel 3D stochastic geometry model for IRS-assisted communication, uniquely integrating uniform rectangular arrays (URA) as transmitters to evaluate the impact of hardware impairments (HWI) on spectral efficiency (SE) and outage probability. Unlike prior works, this study incorporates realistic system constraints, including phase noise, amplifier nonlinearities, and channel state information errors, into a comprehensive 3D framework. Our findings reveal that distortion noise resulting from HWI reduces SE by up to 45% while increasing IRS elements and optimizing URA configurations can mitigate these effects. This work establishes a benchmark for advancing IRS-assisted communication by addressing practical deployment challenges and offering insights critical for next-generation wireless networks.

关键词： Intelligent reflecting surface uniform rectangular array Large antenna transmitter Stochastic geometry

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2D-DOA estimation of noncircular signals for uniform rectangular array via NC-PARAFAC method

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS 2016年第11期103卷 1839-1856页

作者： Zhang, Licen Lv, Weihua Zhang, Xiaofei Li, Shu Nanjing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut Jiangsu Key Lab Internet Things & Control Technol Nanjing Jiangsu Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut Coll Elect & Informat Engn Nanjing Jiangsu Peoples R China Luoyang Optoelectro Technol Dev Ctr Luoyang Peoples R China Southeast Univ Coll Informat Sci & Technol Natl Mobile Commun Res Lab Nanjing Jiangsu Peoples R China

In this paper, we propose a two-dimensional direction of arrival (2D-DOA) estimation algorithm for uniform rectangular array via noncircular-parallel factor (NC-PARAFAC) method. Compared to the conventional parallel factor (PARAFAC) algorithm, the proposed algorithm exploits the property of noncircular signals to double the array aperture. Therefore, the angle estimation performance of the proposed algorithm is better than the conventional PARAFAC method. The proposed algorithm achieves automatically paired two-dimensional angle estimates, and has better 2D-DOA estimation performance than some conventional algorithms, which include estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance technique (ESPRIT), propagator method (PM), PARAFAC algorithm, noncircular-ESPRIT (NC-ESPRIT) and noncircular-PM (NC-PM). We also derive the Cramer-Rao bound for the 2D-DOA estimation of noncircular signals with uniform rectangular array. Simulation results verify the effectiveness and improvement of the proposed algorithm.

关键词： uniform rectangular array direction of arrival noncircular signals parallel factor

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Omnidirectional Precoding for Massive MIMO With uniform rectangular array-Part II: Numerical Optimization Based Schemes

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING 2019年第18期67卷 4772-4781页

作者： Su, Dongliang Jiang, Yi Wang, Xin Gao, Xiqi Fudan Univ Shanghai Inst Adv Commun & Data Sci Key Lab Informat Sci Electromagnet Waves Dept Commun Sci & Engn Shanghai 200433 Peoples R China Southeast Univ Natl Mobile Commun Res Lab Nanjing 210096 Jiangsu Peoples R China

In Part II of this two-part paper, we develop novel numerical optimization approaches to design omnidirectional precoding schemes for a massive multiple-input multiple-output system equipped with a uniform rectangular array (URA). To this end, we first formulate the omnidirectional precoding design as a semidefinite program (SDP) with rank constraint. An iterative rank-reduction algorithm is then proposed to produce omnidirectional transmission solution with a minimum number of precoding vectors. It is shown that the proposed algorithm can always obtain three precoding vectors (i.e.,a rank-3 precoding matrix) to generate a perfectly omnidirectional power radiation pattern for any P x Q URA with min{ P, Q} > 2, or yield an omnidirectional transmission solution with (theoretically minimum) two precoding vectors for any P x Q URA with min{P, Q} <= 2. In addition, to facilitate analog precoding design, we further impose constant-modulus constraints for every entries of the precoding matrix. Through judicious (re-)formulation, we develop an efficient Newton's method, which can compute four constant-modulus preceding vectors to generate an omnidirectional power radiation pattern for any URA configuration. The numerical results demonstrate the merits of the proposed schemes.

关键词： Omnidirectional precoding common signal rank reduction Newton's method uniform rectangular array

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Analysis of a uniform rectangular array for generation of arbitrary orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes

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ELECTRONICS LETTERS 2019年第9期55卷 503-504页

作者： Cho, Y. H. Byun, W. J. Mokwon Univ Sch Informat & Commun Engn Daejeon 35349 South Korea ETRI Radio Resource Res Grp Daejeon 34129 South Korea

Using the array antenna theory, theoretical radiation and near-field characteristics of a uniform rectangular array (URA) for high-gain or wide-beamwidth orbital angular momentum waves have been rigorously studied. Closed-form weighting factors of URA elements are derived based on the Hankel transform proposed for aperture antennas. Simulated radiation patterns and near-field distributions show that a URA configuration is superior to a uniform circular array in terms of antenna gain, beamwidth, and beam-scanning capability.

关键词： antenna theory antenna arrays aperture antennas Hankel transforms angular momentum antenna radiation patterns URA configuration uniform circular array antenna gain uniform rectangular array arbitrary orbital angular momentum modes near-field characteristics closed-form weighting factors URA elements aperture antennas near-field distributions radiation patterns array antenna theory high-gain orbital angular momentum waves wide-beamwidth orbital angular momentum waves Hankel transform beam-scanning capability

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Scan Radar Using an uniform rectangular array for Drone Detection with Low RCS 19

Scan Radar Using an Uniform Rectangular Array for Drone Dete...

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IEEE 19th Mediterranean Microwave Symposium (MMS)

作者： Bouzayene, Ines Mabrouk, Kais Gharsallah, Ali Kholodnyak, Dmitry Fac Sci Tunis UR High Frequency Elect Circuits & Syst Tunis Tunisia Univ Cent Honoris United Univ UR High Frequency Elect Circuits & Syst Polytech Cent Tunis Tunisia St Petersburg Electrotech Univ LETI Dept Microelect & Radio Engn St Petersburg Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9781728140643

Drones are becoming more and more available to the general public for leisure activities and exploited in commercial applications, this boom in drone use has contributed to the emergence of new threats in security applications. Because of their great agility and small size, UAV can be used for numerous missions and are very challenging to detect. Radar technology with its all-weather capability can play an important role in detecting UAV-based threats and in protecting critical assets, but standard radar is ill-prepared for UAV detection: UAVs are low-velocity aircraft with a very weak radar. A radar simulation is discussed and preliminary results are presented. In general, an X-band radar with electronic scanning capability can contribute to a reliable and affordable solution for detecting UAV threats. Radar could be the technology of choice for detecting the drone, signature.

关键词： Drone UAV radar detection radar cross section uniform rectangular array

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DOA Estimation with uniform rectangular array in the Presence of Mutual Coupling 2

DOA Estimation with Uniform Rectangular Array in the Presenc...

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2nd IEEE International Conference on Computer and Communications (ICCC)

作者： He, Xingbin Zhang, Zhi Wang, Wenjie Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun Key Lab Universal Wireless Commun Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781467390262

This this paper, novel ideas are presented for the problem of 2-D DOA estimation with uniform rectangular array (URA) in the presence of mutual coupling based on the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm. Firstly, the simplification of the mutual coupling matrix is discussed and a brief description of the standard 2-D MUSIC algorithm is given. Then we proposed a new DOA algorithm with steering vector reconstruction. Next, we study the DOA estimation method by setting some boundary antennas as auxiliary array elements. Finally, the technique which deals with correlated signals is discussed. Simulations make some comparison and the results confirm our proposed method works applicably and precisely.

关键词： DOA estimation MUSIC algorithm mutual coupling uniform rectangular array spatial smoothing

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REDUCED-COMPLEXITY CHANNEL ESTIMATION BY HIERARCHICAL INTERPOLATION EXPLOITING SPARSITY FOR MASSIVE MIMO SYSTEMS WITH uniform rectangular array

REDUCED-COMPLEXITY CHANNEL ESTIMATION BY HIERARCHICAL INTERP...

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IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Wang, Chi-Shiang Tsai, Pei-Yun Natl Cent Univ Dept Elect Engn Taoyuan Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781728176055

Angle reciprocity is an important property adopted for massive MIMO channel estimation. For systems equipped with uniform rectangular antenna array, two-dimensional fast Fourier transform (2D-FFT) is often employed to transform the information in the spatial domain to the angular domain. To save the complexity, we propose hierarchical channel interpolation algorithm by exploiting the channel sparsity in the millimeter wave frequency band. Local interpolation with fine resolution is only applied to the selected regions determined from the coarse interpolation for obtaining required angular information so as to eliminate the unnecessary computations. Furthermore, the interference caused by the energy leakage from the adjacent paths is cancelled to acquire better estimation results of path gains. From the performance simulation results, the proposed algorithm can achieve better channel estimation performance than the zero-padded and phase-rotated 2D-FFT algorithms with reduced complexity for acquiring angular information.

关键词： Angular domain channel estimation direction of arrival massive MIMO uniform rectangular array

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Direction-of-Arrival Estimation for uniform rectangular array: A Multilinear Projection Approach 26

Direction-of-Arrival Estimation for Uniform Rectangular Arra...

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European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO)

作者： Cao, Ming-Yang Mao, Xingpeng Long, Xiaozhuan Huang, Lei Harbin Inst Technol Dept Elect & Informat Engn Collaborat Innovat Ctr Informat Sensing & Underst Harbin Heilongjiang Peoples R China Sci & Technol Elect Informat Control Lab Beijing Peoples R China Shenzhen Univ Coll Informat Engn Shenzhen Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9789082797015

In this paper, elevation and azimuth estimation with uniform rectangular array (URA) is addressed. Since the temporal samples received by the URA could be written into a tensorial form, we introduce the multilinear projection for developing a direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimator. In the noiseless condition, the multilinear projector is orthogonal to the steering matrix of the URA. Thus the proposed DOA estimator is designed to find minimal points of the inner product of the steering vector and the multilinear projector. Based on the multilinear algebraic framework, the proposed approach provides a better subspace estimate than that of the matrix-based subspace. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： array signal processing direction-of-arrival estimation multilinear algebra tensor decomposition uniform rectangular array

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Omnidirectional Transmit Beamforming for Massive MIMO with uniform rectangular array

Omnidirectional Transmit Beamforming for Massive MIMO with U...

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IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) / Workshop on Integrating UAVs into 5G

作者： Su, Dongliang Jiang, Yi Wang, Xin Fudan Univ Dept Commun Sci & Engn Key Lab Informat Sci Electromagnet Waves MoE Shanghai Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781538631805

In public channels, common signals are required to transmit omnidirectionally to ensure cell-wide coverage. In this paper, we focus on omnidirectional beamforming for common signal transmission in a massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system equipped with a uniform rectangular array (URA). We first model the omnidirectional transmission as a feasibility optimization problem in a matrix form. By counting the number of equality constraints and the degrees of freedom of the matrix variable, we conjecture that it takes at least three beamforming vectors to achieve constant-power signal transmission at any direction for a URA with more than two rows/columns. We then propose an efficient iterative rank-reduction algorithm, which can obtain three beamforming vectors that can generate a perfectly flat radiation beampattern, but cannot reduce further for a URA with more than two rows/columns. That is, the algorithm numerically verifies the conjecture. The numerical results validate the superior performance of the proposed scheme over the existing alternatives.

关键词： Omnidirectional beamforming common signal massive MIMO uniform rectangular array rank reduction

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Two-Dimensional Direction Finding Estimation for uniform rectangular array with Unknown Mutual Coupling via Real-Valued PARAFAC Decomposition

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JOURNAL OF CIRCUITS SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS 2019年第3期28卷 1950049.1-1950049.18页

作者： Xu, Lingyun Wen, Fangqing Nanjing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut Coll Sci Nanjing 210016 Jiangsu Peoples R China Yangtze Univ Elect & Informat Sch Jingzhou 434023 Hubei Peoples R China Yangtze Univ Res Ctr Oil & Gas Signal & Informat Proc Jingzhou 434023 Hubei Peoples R China

Two-dimensional direction-of-arrival (2D-DOA) estimation for uniform rectangular array (URA) is a canonical problem with numerous applications, e.g., wireless communications, sonar and radar systems. The conventional 2D-DOA estimators usually are derived with the assumption of ideal arrays. However, in practice, the arrays may not be well calibrated and suffer from unknown mutual coupling. Using the conventional estimators may lead to low accuracy estimation and high computational complexity in the condition of large number of array elements. In this paper, a novel real-valued parallel factor (PARAFAC) decomposition algorithm is proposed to tackle this problem. The proposed algorithm has better angle estimation performance than the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm, estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques (ESPRIT) algorithm and conventional PARAFAC algorithm. But it has lower complexity than MUSIC algorithm. Moreover, the proposed algorithm can obtain automatically paired 2D-DOA estimation, and it is suitable to coherent or closely spaced signals and can eliminate the mutual coupling. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

关键词： Two-dimensional direction-of-arrival estimation mutual coupling real-valued parallel factor decomposition uniform rectangular array coherent signal

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