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Commenting on the commentators: what would Bartlett have made of the future past?

ERGONOMICS 2008年第1期51卷 76-84页

作者： Stanton, N. A. Stammers, R. B. Brunel Univ Sch Engn & Design Ergonom Res Grp Uxbridge UB8 3PH Middx England Univ Leicester Sch Psychol Leicester Leics England

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关键词： Cognition Cognition Disorders Environment History, 20th Century Human Engineering/history* Humans Technology user-computer interface

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Speech technology for automatic teller machines: an investigation of user attitude and performance

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ERGONOMICS 1998年第7期41卷 962-981页

作者： Hone, KS Graham, R Maguire, MC Baber, C Johnson, GI Univ Nottingham Dept Psychol Nottingham NG7 2RD England Univ Loughborough Husat Res Inst Loughborough LE11 1RG Leics England Univ Birmingham Sch Mfg & Mech Engn Ind Ergon Grp Birmingham B15 2TT W Midlands England NCR Technol Dev Dundee DD2 3XX Scotland

Despite the success and widespread use of Automatic Teller Machines (ATMs), a significant proportion of bank customers can not or will not use them, or experience difficulties in their interactions. Speech technology has been suggested as a means by which non-users might be encouraged to use ATMs, while simultaneously improving usability for all. The potential advantages of speech interfaces include hands-free and eyes-free use for physically- and visually-impaired users, and improved ease and speed of use through increased 'naturalness' of the interaction. This study investigated user attitudes to the concepts of a speech-based ATM, via large-scale survey and a series of focus groups. Objective performance was also considered in user trials with a prototype speech-driven ATM. The idea of using speech for ATM transactions led to a number of concerns. Privacy (the concern over one's personal financial details being overheard) and security (the fear of potential attackers hearing the user withdraw cash) were the major reasons given. The user trials confirmed that possible solutions, such as the adoption of a hood over the ATM or the use of a telephone handset as the speech input/output device, were ineffective. Groups of impaired users, particularly visually-impaired subjects, were more positive about the concept of speech, citing various difficulties with current visual-manual interactions. Most non-users, however, would not be encouraged to use ATMs with the addition of speech. The paper discusses these and other issues relating to the likely success of using speech for ATM applications.

关键词： user-computer interface automatic speed recognition attitude to computers

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A computer-based system for identification of the static characteristics of medical sensors

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JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY 1999年第6期23卷 240-245页

作者： Amer, MB Al Isra Univ Dept Elect Engn Um Elamad Madaba Jordan

This paper presents the design and implementation of a computer-based system for identification of the static character istics of medical sensors. The static characteristic obtained is then used to correct thr input-output non-idealities caused by nonlinearity effects, gain error, hysteresis and environmental effects. The knowledge of this characteristic enables digital signal processing of the sensor response, facilitates correction of input-output non-idealities and for-ms a compensation formula which is required for the optimal design of the experiment for medical sensor calibration. The identification system consists of a personal computer and a microcontroller-based electronic system. In consideration of practical situations special emphasis is oriented toward Its users friendliness and future extendability.

关键词： Signal Processing computer-Assisted Algorithms computers Microcomputers Models Theoretical Software user-computer interface

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Classification and prioritization of usability problems using an augmented classification scheme

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JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL INFORMATICS 2011年第6期44卷 948-957页

作者： Khajouei, R. Peute, L. W. P. Hasman, A. Jaspers, M. W. M. Univ Amsterdam Dept Med Informat Acad Med Ctr NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam Netherlands Kerman Univ Med Sci Fac Management & Hlth Informat Sci Kerman Iran

Various methods exist for conducting usability evaluation studies in health care. But although the methodology is clear, no usability evaluation method provides a framework by which the usability reporting activities are fully standardized. Despite the frequent use of forms to report the usability problems and their context-information, this reporting is often hindered by information losses. This is due to the fact that evaluators' problem descriptions are based on individual judgments of what they find salient about a usability problem at a certain moment in time. Moreover, usability problems are typically classified in terms of their type, number, and severity. These classes are usually devised by the evaluator for the purpose at hand and the used problem types often are not mutually exclusive, complete and distinct. Also the impact of usability problems on the task outcome is usually not taken into account. Consequently, problem descriptions are often vague and even when combined with their classification in type or severity leave room for multiple interpretations when discussed with system designers afterwards. Correct interpretation of these problem descriptions is then highly dependent upon the extent to which the evaluators can retrieve relevant details from memory. To remedy this situation a framework is needed guiding usability evaluators in high quality reporting and unique classification of usability problems. Such a framework should allow the disclosure of the underlying essence of problem causes, the severity rating and the classification of the impact of usability problems on the task outcome. The user Action Framework (UAF) is an existing validated classification framework that allows the unique classification of usability problems, but it does not include a severity rating nor does it contain an assessment of the potential impact of usability flaws on the final task outcomes. We therefore augmented the UAF with a severity rating based on Nielsen's cl

关键词： Classification user-computer interface Usability Medical order entry systems

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GWFASTA: Server for FASTA search in eukaryotic and microbial genomes

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BIOTECHNIQUES 2002年第3期33卷 548-+页

作者： Issac, B Raghava, GPS Inst Microbial Technol Sector 39A Chandigarh 160036 India

Similarity searches are a powerful method for solving important biological problems such as database scanning, evolutionary studies, gene prediction, and protein structure prediction. FASTA is a widely used sequence comparison tool for rapid database scanning. Here we describe the GWFASTA server that was developed to assist the FASTA user in similarity searches against partially and/or completely sequenced genomes. GWFASTA consists of more than 60 microbial genomes, eight eukaryote genomes, and proteomes of annotated genomes. In fact, it provides the maximum number of databases for similarity, searching from a single platform. GWFASTA allows the submission of more than one sequence as a single query for a FASTA search. It also provides integrated post-processing of FASTA output, including compositional analysis of proteins, multiple sequences alignment, and phylogenetic analysis. Furthermore, it summarizes the search results organism-wise for prokaryotes and chromosome-wise for eukaryotes. Thus, the integration of different tools for sequence analyses makes GWFASTA a powerful tool, for biologists.

关键词： computer Systems* Computing Methodologies Database Management Systems* Electronic Mail Genome* Information Storage and Retrieval/methods Internet* Sequence Alignment/instrumentation Sequence Alignment/methods* Sequence Analysis, DNA/instrumentation Sequence Analysis, DNA/methods* Sequence Analysis, Protein/instrumentation Sequence Analysis, Protein/methods user-computer interface

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Evaluating Eyegaze Targeting to Improve Mouse Pointing for Radiology Tasks

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JOURNAL OF DIGITAL IMAGING 2011年第1期24卷 96-106页

作者： Tan, Yan Tien, Geoffrey Kirkpatrick, Arthur E. Forster, Bruce B. Atkins, M. Stella Simon Fraser Univ Sch Comp Sci Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada Univ British Columbia Vancouver BC V5Z 1M9 Canada

In current radiologists' workstations, a scroll mouse is typically used as the primary input device for navigating image slices and conducting operations on an image. Radiological analysis and diagnosis rely on careful observation and annotation of medical images. During analysis of 3D MRI and CT volumes, thousands of mouse clicks are performed everyday, which can cause wrist fatigue. This paper presents a dynamic control-to-display (C-D) gain mouse movement method, controlled by an eyegaze tracker as the target predictor. By adjusting the C-D gain according to the distance to the target, the mouse click targeting time is reduced. Our theoretical and experimental studies show that the mouse movement time to a known target can be reduced by up to 15%. We also present an experiment with 12 participants to evaluate the role of eyegaze targeting in the realistic situation of unknown target positions. These results indicate that using eyegaze to predict the target position, the dynamic C-D gain method can improve pointing performance by 8% and reduce the error rate over traditional mouse movement.

关键词： user-computer interface observer performance radiology workstation eye movements image navigation dynamic C-D Fitts' law

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Evaluation of the suitability of a patient data management system for ICUs on a general ward

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INFORMATICS 2001年第1期64卷 57-66页

作者： Junger, A Michel, A Benson, M Quinzio, LA Hafer, J Hartmann, B Brandenstein, P Marquardt, K Hempelmann, G Univ Hosp Giessen Dept Med & Adm Data Proc D-35392 Giessen Germany Univ Hosp Giessen Dept Anesthesiol & Intens Care Med D-35392 Giessen Germany

The development of the ICUData patient data management system (PDMS) for intensive care units (ICU), by IMESO GmbH, Huttenberg, Germany, was based on the assumption that processes and therapies at ICU are the most complex with the highest data density compared with those in other wards. Based on experience with the system and on a survey conducted among users at our pain clinic, we evaluated whether the concept of the present software architecture, which sufficiently reproduces processes and data at an ICU, is suitable as a PDMS for general wards. The highly modular and client-centric approach of the PDMS is founded on a message-based communications architecture (HL7). In the beginning of the year 2000, the system was implemented at the pain management clinic (12 beds) of our hospital. To assess its user friendliness, we conducted a survey of medical staff (n = 14). From April 1st 2000 to August 31st 2000, all clinical and administrative data of 658 patients at the pain management clinic were recorded with the PDMS. From the start, all users had access to data and information of other connected data management systems of the hospital (e.g. patient administrative data, patient clinical data). Staff members found the system mostly useful, clearly presented, practical, and easy to learn and use. users were relatively satisfied with stability and performance of the program but mentioned having only limited knowledge of the program's features. The need for external support during a computer crash was rated negatively. Despite the need for further usage training and improved program performance, the software architecture described seems to be a promising starting point for the construction of a PDMS for general wards. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd.

关键词： medical record systems computerized-digital patient file hospital information system user-computer interface computer user training

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Clinicians' perceptions of clinical decision support integrated into computerized provider order entry

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INFORMATICS 2004年第5期73卷 433-441页

作者： Rosenbloom, ST Talbert, D Aronsky, D Vanderbilt Univ Ctr Med Dept Biomed Informat Eskind Biomed Lib Nashville TN 37232 USA Vanderbilt Univ Ctr Med Sch Nursing Nashville TN 37232 USA Tennessee Technol Univ Cookeville TN 38505 USA Vanderbilt Univ Ctr Med Dept Emergency Med Nashville TN 37232 USA

computerized provider order entry systems can improve patient care by integrating clinical decision support. Decision support is most effective when its content and delivery are acceptable. The authors report the results of a multifaceted survey of the attitudes of housestaff and medical student users of a provider order entry system with integrated decision support at an academic medical center. The survey contained 16 items covering four themes: efficiency, quality of care, results reporting and embedded guidelines. Responses were captured using a five point Likert scale, and were compared using ANOVA and Bartlett's testing. Out of 491 housestaff and 128 medical students, response rates were 47 and 29%, respectively. Among respondents, 72% agreed or strongly agreed that the provider order entry system improves the quality of care that they provide, 54% that the decision support usually help them to provide quality patient care, and 62% that it improves the efficiency of order entry. Respondents were least likely to agree that the display of prior laboratory results influenced their decision to order a subsequent test. There were no significant differences between subspecialties and by advancing years of training among housestaff. Respondents agreed that the integrated clinical decision support enhanced their medical training. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： attitude to computers comparative study internship and residency medical records systems computerized questionnaires user-computer interface

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Sweet spot size of virtual acoustic imaging systems at asymmetric listener locations

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JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2002年第5期112卷 1992-2002页

作者： Rose, J Nelson, P Rafaely, B Takeuchi, T Univ Southampton Inst Sound & Vibrat Res Southampton SO17 1BJ Hants England

Virtual acoustic imaging systems are effective when the listener's head location is close to the head location assumed when the system was designed. The "sweet spot" refers to the spatial bubble of head location in which the system is still effective. Some of the previous work investigating the "stereo dipole" acoustic imaging system shows that for the traditional on-axis listener location the "sweet spot" is about +/-5 cm for lateral head translations. Larger head movements than this require an update of the virtual acoustic imaging, filters. The interest here is the "sweet spot" size at off-axis asymmetric listener locations or an understanding of how often one needs to update the filters to ensure the listener perceives a stable virtual image as they move. The examination of the off-axis "sweet spot" size comprises a theoretical acoustic analysis, computer simulations, and a subjective study. The simulations and subjective evaluation both demonstrate that the width of tolerable lateral head translations is comparable for the symmetric on-axis listener location and asymmetric listener locations that are as far as 25 cm off-axis. (C) 2002 Acoustical Society of America.

关键词： Acoustics Models Theoretical Speech Perception user-computer interface Amplifiers Head Human Posture Time Factors

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Augmentation of the think aloud method with users' perspectives for the selection of a picture archiving and communication system

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JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL INFORMATICS 2018年 80卷 43-51页

作者： Esfahani, Misagh Zahiri Khajouei, Reza Baneshi, Mohammad Reza Iran Univ Med Sci Hlth Management & Econ Res Ctr Tehran Iran Kerman Univ Med Sci Inst Futures Studies Hlth Med Informat Res Ctr POB *** Kerman Iran Kerman Univ Med Sci Fac Management & Med Informat Sci Dept Hlth Informat Sci Kerman Iran Kerman Univ Med Sci Inst Futures Studies Hlth Modeling Hlth Res Ctr Kerman Iran

Objectives: users attitude toward a picture archiving and communication system (PACS) and their interaction with this system are among the most important factors that influence its acceptance. This study aimed to augment the user's interaction with the user's perspective to select a usable PACS among three systems available on the market. Methods: We augmented the think aloud (TA) usability evaluation method with the Post-Study System Usability Questionnaire (PSSUQ) to compare user interaction problems of three PACS user interfaces. Four radiologists and four internist physicians participated in this study. Usability characteristics including efficiency, effectiveness, leamability, error, and satisfaction were used to assess the usability of each PACS. Results: There was a significant difference in efficiency (p = 0.01), effectiveness (p = 0.005), learnability (p = 0.001), and satisfaction (p = 0.009). However, no significant difference in the number of errors (p = 0.18), mouse clicks and keystrokes (p = 0.12), and the number of usability problems (p = 0.6) were observed among the three PACS systems studied. Conclusions: This study showed that applying the proposed approach to augment TA with the user's perspective addresses almost all of the theoretical aspects of usability and can be employed to select the most usable PACS.

关键词： Picture archiving and communication system user-computer interface Radiology information system Think aloud Usability evaluation user interaction

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