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utility functions for adaptively executing concurrent workflows

CONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE 2011年第6期23卷 646-666页

作者： Lee, Kevin Paton, Norman W. Sakellariou, Rizos Fernandes, Alvaro A. A. Univ Manchester Sch Comp Sci Manchester M13 9PL Lancs England

Workflows are widely used in applications that require coordinated use of computational resources. Workflow definition languages typically abstract over some aspects of the way in which a workflow is to be executed, such as the level of parallelism to be used or the physical resources to be deployed. As a result, a workflow management system has the responsibility of establishing how best to map tasks within a workflow to the available resources. As workflows are typically run over shared resources, and thus face unpredictable and changing resource capabilities, there may be benefit to be derived from adapting the task-to-resource mapping while a workflow is executing. This paper describes the use of utility functions to express the relative merits of alternative mappings;in essence, a utility function can be used to give a score to a candidate mapping, and the exploration of alternative mappings can be cast as an optimization problem. In this approach, changing the utility function allows adaptations to be carried out with a view to meeting different objectives. The contributions of this paper include: (i) a description of how adaptive workflow execution can be expressed as an optimization problem where the objective of the adaptation is to maximize a utility function;(ii) a description of how the approach has been applied to support adaptive workflow execution in execution environments consisting of multiple resources, such as grids or clouds, in which adaptations are coordinated across multiple workflows;and (iii) an experimental evaluation of the approach with utility measures based on response time and profit using the Pegasus workflow system. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： scientific workflows utility functions adaptivity

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utility functions FOR TEST PERFORMANCE

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MANAGEMENT SCIENCE SERIES B-APPLICATION 1973年第4期20卷 507-519页

作者： DYER, JS FARRELL, W BRADLEY, P UNIV CALIF GRAD SCH MANAGEMENTCTR STUDY EVALUATIONLOS ANGELESCA 90024 UNIV COLORADO DENVERCO 80210

This paper discusses a utility function estimation procedure developed to provide curriculum planning information to elementary school principals. Both theoretical and empirical studies were performed to evaluate the procedure. The results of the use of this approach to obtain data from a national sample of principals are presented.

关键词： utility functions EMPIRICAL research EDUCATIONAL tests & measurements CURRICULUM planning INSTRUCTIONAL systems design ELEMENTARY school principals CUMULATIVE instruction CURRICULUM change ABILITY testing ACADEMIC achievement

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utility-functions ON CHAINS

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JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL ECONOMICS 1993年第2期22卷 161-168页

作者： CANDEAL, JC INDURAIN, E UNIV PUBL NAVARRA DEPT MATEMAT & INFORMATC-EL SADAR SNE-31006 PAMPLONASPAIN UNIV ZARAGOZA ZARAGOZASPAIN

This paper addresses the problem of the existence of utility representations on totally ordered sets (chains). Sufficient conditions about the non-representability of chains by real-valued utility functions are given. Chains lacking a continuous utility representation are also considered and it is shown that no total ordering on R(n) (n > 1) can be represented by a continuous utility function.

关键词： utility functions VALUE ECONOMICS REPRESENTATIONS of groups (Algebra) ORDERED sets SET theory

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utility functions whose parameters depend on initial wealth

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Bulletin of Economic Research 2003年第4期55卷 357-371页

作者： Pedersen, Christian S. Satchell, S.E. Oliver Wyman and Company Faculty of Economics and Politics Cambridge University Covent Garden London WC2H 9PU United Kingdom Faculty of Economics and Politics Cambridge University United Kingdom

Conventional one-period utility functions in Economics assume that initial wealth only enters preferences through the definition of final wealth. Consequently, those utility functions most utilized (i.e., exponential and quadratic) have implausible risk characteristics. The authors characterize a new class of utility function whose risk parameters depend upon initial wealth and obtain several desirable results. In particular, investors with quadratic and exponential utility functions can have decreasing risk aversion, and risky assets in a quadratic utility multi-asset environment do not have to be inferior as implied by the traditional framework.

关键词： Initial wealth Risk utility functions

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utility functions as Aggregation functions in Face Recognition

Utility Functions as Aggregation Functions in Face Recogniti...

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IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (IEEE SSCI)

作者： Dolecki, Michal Karczmarek, Pawel Kiersztyn, Adam Pedrycz, Witold John Paul II Catholic Univ Lublin Inst Math & Comp Sci Ul Konstantynow 1H PL-20708 Lublin Poland Univ Alberta Dept Elect & Comp Engn Edmonton AB T6R 2V4 Canada King Abdulaziz Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia Polish Acad Sci Syst Res Inst Warsaw Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9781509042401

Face recognition by computers in recent years has been a topic of intensive studies. In this problem, we witness several challenges: one has to cope with large data sets, solve problems of data extraction, and deal with poor quality of images caused by e.g., poor lighting of the subject. There have been a lot of algorithms and classifiers developed, which are aimed at recognizing faces of individuals. In this paper, we present a novel classification method, which involves a collection of classifiers with a certain utility function regarded as an aggregation operator. The nearest neighbor method with various similarity measures is used as a generic classifier for selected face areas. The main task is to assign photos of a person to one of the classes of image present in the available database. This problem is similar to the decision-making process with some evident analogies. If in face recognition, a single classifier is being used, the problem becomes similar to the one of decision-making with a single criterion. When having several classifiers, the problem resembles a problem of a multi-criteria decision making. The second scenario requires an aggregation of the results produced by different classifiers. The paper presents the use of the utility function which is well-known in the decision-making theory as an aggregation operator applied to the results of various classifiers. The study is focused on the two-factor utility function and its variants.

关键词： face recognition aggregation functions utility functions

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utility-functions AND THE ORDER TYPE OF THE CONTINUUM

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JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL ECONOMICS 1994年第4期23卷 387-390页

作者： BEARDON, AF MEHTA, GB UNIV QUEENSLAND ST LUCIAQLD 4067AUSTRALIA

Debreu proved that there exists a continuous isotone real-valued function on any given second countable topological pre-ordered space. It is shown that this result implies and is implied by Cantor's Theorem charac... 详细信息

关键词： utility functions ORDER TYPE LINEAR CONTINUUM

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Existence, uniqueness, and determinacy of a nonnegative equilibrium price vector in asset markets with general utility functions and an elliptical distribution

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ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH 2004年第3期21卷 393-405页

作者： Chen, ZP Xian Jiaotong Univ Fac Sci Dept Comp Sci & Appl Software Xian 710049 Peoples R China

For the asset market with finite numbers of investors whose utility functions are general concave functions, we derive a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence and uniqueness of the nonnegative equilibrium price vector that clears the asset market, through considering the expected utility maximization problem under the assumption that the joint distribution of risky assets' returns is an elliptical distribution. An explicit formula for the equilibrium price is given. We also discuss the economic implication of the given condition and demonstrate that our necessary and sufficient condition can be regarded as a necessary condition to maintain the stability of the asset market. These results extend some results about the equilibrium analysis of the asset market.

关键词： equilibrium prices the asset market utility functions the elliptical distribution optimal portfolios economic implication

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Fuzzy UTASTAR: A method for discovering utility functions from fuzzy data

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EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS 2011年第12期38卷 15463-15474页

作者： Patiniotakis, Ioannis Apostolou, Dimitris Mentzas, Gregoris Natl Tech Univ Athens Athens 15780 Greece Univ Piraeus Dept Informat Piraeus 18534 Greece

We propose Fuzzy UTASTAR, a method for inferring fuzzy utility functions from a partial preorder of options evaluated on multiple criteria. It is an extension of the well-known UTASTAR method capable to handle both ordinary (crisp) and fuzzy evaluation data. This property gives much flexibility to decision makers because the majority of real-life decision problems involve a considerable level of uncertainty that hinders them from assigning exact evaluations (scores) to options. In case all evaluation data are crisp the method behaves exactly as the original UTASTAR. The proposed method builds fuzzy additive value functions taking as input a partial preorder on a subset of the options, called reference set, along with their associated scores on the criteria. The resulting fuzzy utility functions can subsequently be used to estimate the (fuzzy) utility of each option, thus allowing their ranking, prioritization, selection or classification. The ranking of the options in partial preorder is as compatible as possible to the original one. The method is implemented into a decision support system and is applied to an example from the transportation domain. Results are found to be in concordance with those of the original method. To the best of our knowledge this is the first attempt to extend UTASTAR method to handle both crisp and fuzzy evaluation data. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： UTASTAR Multiple criteria decision making utility functions Fuzzy numbers Fuzzy linear programming

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House selection via the internet by considering homebuyers' risk attitudes with S-shaped utility functions

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EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH 2015年第1期241卷 188-201页

作者： Ho, Hui-Ping Chang, Ching-Ter Ku, Cheng-Yuan Chien Kuo Technol Univ Dept Int Business Adm Changhua Taiwan Chang Gung Univ Dept Informat Management Taoyuan Taiwan Natl Chiao Tung Univ Dept Informat Management & Finance Hsinchu Taiwan

The widespread use of the Internet has significantly changed the behavior of homebuyers. Using online real estate agents, homebuyers can rapidly find some modern houses that meet their needs;however, most current online housing systems provide limit features. In particular, existing systems fail to consider homebuyers' housing goals and risk attitudes. To increase effectiveness, online real estate agents should provide an efficient matching mechanism, personalized service and house ranking with the aim of increasing both buyers' satisfaction and deal rate. An efficient online real estate agent should provide an easy way for homebuyers to find (rank) a suitable house (alternatives) with consideration of their different housing philosophies and risk attitudes. In order to comprehend these ambiguous housing goals and risk attitudes, it is also indispensable to determine a satisfaction level for each fuzzy goal and constraint. In this study, we propose fuzzy goal programming with an S-shaped utility function as a decision aid to help homebuyers in choosing their preferred house via the Internet in an easy way. With the use of a decision aid, homebuyers can specify their housing goals and constraints with different priority levels and thresholds as a matching mechanism for a fuzzy search, while the matching mechanism can be translated into a standard query language for a regular relational database. Moreover, a laboratory experiment is conducted on a real case to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The results indicate that the proposed method provides better customer satisfaction than manual systems in housing selection service. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Decision support systems Multiple objective programming Fuzzy goal programming utility functions Risk attitude

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A stochastic transit assignment model considering differences in passengers utility functions

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TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART B-METHODOLOGICAL 2000年第5期34卷 377-402页

作者： Nielsen, OA Tech Univ Denmark Dept Planning IFP Ctr Traff & Transport Res DK-2800 Lyngby Denmark

The paper presents a framework for public traffic assignment that builds on the probit-based model of Sheffi and Powell [Sheffi, Y., Powell, W.B., 1981. A comparison of stochastic and deterministic traffic assignment over congested networks. Transportation Res. B. 15 (1), 53-64;Sheffi, Y., Powell, W.B., 1982. An algorithm, for the equilibrium assignment problem with random link Times. Networks 12 (2), 191-207.]. Hereby, the problems with overlapping routes that occur in many public transport models can be avoided. The probit-based model with modifications similar to the principles in Nielsen [Nielsen, O.A., 1996. Do stochastic traffic assignment models consider differences in road users utility functions? Twentyfourth European Transport Forum (PTRC Annual Meeting). London, UK, Seminar M.] is used as a-starting point. This makes it possible to describe passengers' different preferences towards different sub-modes and against transfers. This also considers dependencies of choices through chains of sub-modes. The simulation of perceived travel times is extended to describe differences in the distribution of travel- and waiting times for different sub-modes. Parallel lines are frequency aggregated in order to handle waiting times appropriately. Initial tests on a full-scale case show that the methodology can describe route choices in public transport very well. This is both due to the model's ability to describe overlapping routes and due to the many different coefficients, error components and distributions that make it possible to calibrate the model. In practice, the many parameters might also be the main weakness, since this complicates the calibration. At the end of the paper, proposals to coefficients are presented based on a Danish SP-analysis. This demonstrated the applicability of the method. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： transit trip assignment model Frameworks Stochastic Traffic assignment utility functions passengers Public Transit

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