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33rd Annual IEEE Military Communications Conference on Affordable Mission Success - Meeting the Challenge (MILCOM)

作者： Buscemi, Scott SPAWAR Syst Ctr Atlantic N Charleston SC USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479967704

A Radio Frequency (RF) Wireless Channel Emulator (WCE) is technology used to emulate the RF environment for wireless devices so they can be evaluated in a laboratory while reproducing channel effects otherwise seen in the field. This increases the repeatability of evaluations, saves time and money in logistical and programmatic costs, and can analyze real world situations;such as an actual battlefield prior to engagement or the effect of a radio mounted on an aircraft. The types of scenarios are endless. All this benefit is relatively meaningless however, if the evaluator does not have confidence that the WCE will produce the same effects that would be seen in the real world. This paper is a validation study of a specific WCE, the Digital Battlespace Environment Simulator (DBES) and provides a framework by which other channel emulators could be compared. A methodology for evaluating the fidelity of a channel emulator by measuring several key components is described. These components are analyzed experimentally and compared against the theoretical ideal without being radio specific. After this analysis had been completed several scenarios were run with radios in order to observe the results.

关键词： military communication wireless channels DBES RF environment digital battle space environment simulator digital wireless channel emulator radiofrequency wireless channel emulator validation methodology Attenuation Buildings Delays Noise Radio frequency Wireless communication

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Predictions' robustness of one-dimensional model of hydronic floor heating: novel validation methodology using a thermostatic booth simulator and uncertainty analysis

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JOURNAL OF BUILDING PHYSICS 2018年第5期41卷 418-444页

作者： Brembilla, Christian Ostin, Ronny Olofsson, Thomas Umea Univ Dept Appl Phys & Elect TFE Haken Gullessons Vag 20 S-90187 Umea Sweden

Hydronic floor heating models provide predictions in estimating heat transfer rates and floor surface temperature. Information on the model performance and range of validity of its results are often lacking in literature. Researchers have to know the accuracy and robustness of the model outcomes for performing energy and climate comfort calculations. This article proposes a novel validation methodology based on the uncertainty analysis of input data/parameters of one-dimensional model of hydronic floor heating tested in a thermostatic booth simulator and compared with experimental measurements. The main results are: (1) prediction accuracy between 0.4% and 2.9% for (T) over bar (f) and between 0.7% and 7.8% for (q) over dot(up) when the serpentine has tube spacing (p) of 0.30m, (2) prediction accuracy between 0.5% and 1.4% for (T) over bar (f) and between 8.7% and 12.9% for (q) over dot(up) with p=0.15m and (3) (T) over bar (fld) mostly affects predictions with oscillations between 6.2% and 2.2% for (q) over dot(up). This model provides robust and reliable predictions exclusively for (q) over dot(up) when p=0.30m.

关键词： One-Dimensional model of hydronic floor heating thermostatic booth simulator validation methodology uncertainty bands differential sensitivity analysis robustness of model's predictions

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Noise, vibration and harshness validation methodology for complex elastic multibody simulation models: With application to an electrified drive train

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JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND CONTROL 2019年第2期25卷 243-254页

作者： Wegerhoff, Matthias Jacobs, Georg Drichel, Pascal HEAD Acoust GmbH Ebertstr 30a D-52134 Herzogenrath Germany Rhein Westfal TH Aachen Fac Mech Engn Inst Machine Elements & Machine Design IME Aachen Germany

Numerical models for vibro-acoustic analyses of complex mechanical systems are becoming more and more popular, in particular in the field of virtual product development. Therefore, reliable, comprehensive, and validated modeling methodologies remain crucial. However, system characteristics such as elasticities of the drive train components and nonlinear characteristics can lead to complex, and costly numerical models with a huge number of degrees of freedom. This may raise not only the need for novel and reasonable modeling strategies, but also exacerbates validation process, due to the wide scope in terms of operating conditions. In practice, structure-borne noise signals, for example, from accelerometers, are often used for the validation of mechanical systems. By choice of a sufficient number of measurement points, the interpretation becomes more complex. A lot of vibration response curves then need to be compared and interpreted over a wide operating range. In general, the interpretation focuses on deviations in quality and quantity. In this paper, to overcome these mentioned challenges, a validation methodology is proposed allowing a fast and transparent check of a number of captured signals. Therefore, it is shown how the original information can be reduced in a meaningful manner, making it possible to run a fast and accurate validation. The method is demonstrated on a real application with high mechanical complexity and it is shown that the chosen parameters are reliable.

关键词： Finite elements multibody simulation noise vibration harshness structural dynamics validation methodology

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A validation methodology for AI simulation models

A validation methodology for AI simulation models

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4th International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics

作者： Liu, F Ma, P Yang, M Harbin Inst Technol Control & Simulat Ctr Harbin 150001 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)0780390911

The increased dependence on Artificial Intelligent (AI) simulation models leads to the key question - how accurate and reliable are the AI simulation models? Traditional approaches to validation of AI simulation models are mostly based on subjective expert evaluation. The lack of well-established validation techniques and methods hampers the development of AI simulation models. Thus a validation methodology for AI simulation models is developed, in which a new AI simulation model validation approach is recommended and AI simulation model validation methods are discussed.

关键词： Artificial Intelligent (AI) simulation model validation methodology validation approach validation methods

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How validation methodology Influences Human Activity Recognition Mobile Systems

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SENSORS 2022年第6期22卷 2360页

作者： Braganca, Hendrio Colonna, Juan G. Oliveira, Horacio A. B. F. Souto, Eduardo Univ Fed Amazonas Inst Comp BR-69067005 Manaus Amazonas Brazil

In this article, we introduce explainable methods to understand how Human Activity Recognition (HAR) mobile systems perform based on the chosen validation strategies. Our results introduce a new way to discover potential bias problems that overestimate the prediction accuracy of an algorithm because of the inappropriate choice of validation methodology. We show how the SHAP (Shapley additive explanations) framework, used in literature to explain the predictions of any machine learning model, presents itself as a tool that can provide graphical insights into how human activity recognition models achieve their results. Now it is possible to analyze which features are important to a HAR system in each validation methodology in a simplified way. We not only demonstrate that the validation procedure k-folds cross-validation (k-CV), used in most works to evaluate the expected error in a HAR system, can overestimate by about 13% the prediction accuracy in three public datasets but also choose a different feature set when compared with the universal model. Combining explainable methods with machine learning algorithms has the potential to help new researchers look inside the decisions of the machine learning algorithms, avoiding most times the overestimation of prediction accuracy, understanding relations between features, and finding bias before deploying the system in real-world scenarios.

关键词： human activity recognition validation methodology leave-one-subject-out cross-validation explainable methods Shapley additive explanations machine learning

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Model validation: Philosophy, methodology and examples

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Transactions of the Institute of Measurement & Control 1990年第4期12卷 178-185页

作者： Carson, E.R. Flood, R.L. Centre for Measurement and Information Department of Systems Science City University London United Kingdom Department of Management Systems and Sciences University of Hull Systems Intervention Ltd. PO Box 64 Newbury Berkshire United Kingdom

This paper proposes an integrated framework within which philosophical and methodological issues relating to model validation should be set. The viewpoint adopted is more expansive than that of traditional scientific rationality. Rather, it is suggested that there are several ways of 'dividing up reality', each of which has an associated rationality, dependent on purpose and problem context. Modelling methodology is then considered emphasising the role of validation 'sub-methodologies'. Examples are presented, chosen from the domains of physiology and medicine, which illustrate some of the major issues of model validation. © 1990, Sage Publications. All rights reserved.

关键词： Model validation Modelling philosophy validation methodology

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validation of a methodology by LC-MS/MS for the determination of triazine, triazole and organophosphate pesticide residues in biopurification systems

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JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES 2020年 1156卷 122296-122296页

作者： Masis-Mora, Mario Beita-Sandi, Wilson Rodriguez-Yanez, Javier Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Carlos E. Univ Costa Rica Res Ctr Environm Pollut CICA San Jose 2060 Costa Rica Univ Estatal Distancia UNED Lab Ecol Urbana San Jose 4742050 Costa Rica

Biopurification systems are useful in the management of pesticide residues and provide an option to dispose wastewaters of agricultural origin derived from pesticide application practices. The analysis of pesticide residues in the biopurification system biomixture is necessary to determine whether the removal of the target compounds occurs with reliable results. In this study, the pesticide extraction methodology was optimized and validated in a biomixture composed of coconut fiber, compost and soil, to determine a total of 43 molecules, distributed among triazines (10), triazoles (13) and organophosphates (20) using liquid chromatography coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. For the validation, the parameters of linearity, matrix effect, limit of determination (LOD), specificity, selectivity, precision, trueness and robustness in the proposed biomixture were evaluated. The analyses of those parameters revealed satisfactory results of the method for most of the compounds, with the exception of diclorvos and ciromazine, for which the development of an alternative method is recommended. Once the extraction methodology was validated, the removal of eight molecules was assayed in a biopurification system used for the simultaneous treatment of a mixture of pesticide commercial formulations. Although most of the compounds were at least partially removed, none of them was eliminated at levels below the LOD. The removal pattern of ametryn, atrazine, chlorpyrifos, malathion and terbutryn was comparable to those obtained in other efficient biomixtures, and the highly recalcitrant triadimenol was eliminated;nonetheless, tebuconazole and diazinon were not significantly removed.

关键词： Biopurification system Pesticides validation methodology Biomixture LC-MS/MS

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validation of a global quantitative analysis methodology of tryptophan metabolites in mice using LC-MS

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TALANTA 2019年 195卷 593-598页

作者： Lefevre, Antoine Mavel, Sylvie Nadal-Desbarats, Lydie Galineau, Laurent Attucci, Sylvie Dufour, Diane Sokol, Harry Emond, Patrick Univ Tours INSERM iBrain UMR 1253 Tours France CHRU Tours Serv Med Nucl In Vitro Tours France Sorbonne Univ Lab Biomol Ecole Normale SuperHop St AntoineLBM PSL Res UnivCNRSINSERMAP HPGastroenterol Dept 184 Rue Faubourg St Antoine F-75005 Paris France INRA UMR1319 Micalis Jouy En Josas France AgroParisTech Jouy En Josas France INSERM U1253 UFR Med Eq310 Blvd Tonnele F-37000 Tours France

In this study, we validated a method for quantifying 20 tryptophan (Trp) catabolites by liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) in 4 different matrices (urine, serum, intestinal contents and liver). The detection limit for all metabolites ranged between 0.015 and 11.25 nmol/L and the dynamic range of the calibration curves were adjusted to allow quantification of metabolites at endogenous levels. Matrix effects were evaluated using isotope labeled internal standards. Reproducibility in the 4 matrices was characterized by CV = 6.2% with an accuracy of 6.6%. Our method has been applied to the determination and quantification of 20 metabolites concentrations in 5 different mouse compartments (plus cecal contents). Our results show that our approach allows for a global exploration of the Trp metabolism by quantifying a large number of Trp metabolites, at the individual level by multi-matrix approach.

关键词： Tryptophan pathway Kynurenine pathway Liver matrix Cecal and intestinal contents validation methodology

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The impact of urban morphology on sunlight availability at urban and neighborhood scales: A systematic review

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SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY 2025年 121卷

作者： Rostami, Ehsan Nasrollahi, Nazanin Ilam Univ Fac Technol & Engn Dept Architectural Engn Pazhohesh BlvdPOB 693917711 Ilam Iran

Assessing sunlight conditions in urban environments is crucial, as high-quality natural light is essential for human health and well-being while supporting the production of clean and affordable energy. This systematic review examines the current state of research on solar access in urban and neighborhood contexts, identifying key variables and the impact of urban morphology on indoor natural light levels and outdoor solar energy potential. Using the PRISMA protocol, 202 articles were selected, categorized based on thematic and spatial classifications, and their validation methods critically assessed. Key findings from the reviewed articles regarding the impact of urban morphology on solar access are presented and categorized by theme. Finally, the dependent and independent variables in the studies and the validation results were analyzed. The findings indicate that most studies at the urban scale have focused more on outdoor solar energy potential, with fewer studies examining indoor natural light conditions. Building density emerged as the most frequently investigated morphological parameter. Additionally, the review highlights the scarcity of studies that simultaneously consider indoor and outdoor spaces and jointly assess indoor-outdoor solar performance. Although approximately 25% of the studies included validation procedures, direct comparisons were challenging due to the need for standardized validation protocols.

关键词： Urban sunlight availability Urban morphology Daylighting metrics Solar radiation Photovoltaic potential validation methodology

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The strategic biomarker roadmap for the validation of Alzheimer's diagnostic biomarkers: methodological update

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EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING 2021年第7期48卷 2070-2085页

作者： Boccardi, Marina Dodich, Alessandra Albanese, Emiliano Gayet-Ageron, Angele Festari, Cristina Ashton, Nicholas J. Bischof, Gerard N. Chiotis, Konstantinos Leuzy, Antoine Wolters, Emma E. Walter, Martin A. Rabinovici, Gil D. Carrillo, Maria Drzezga, Alexander Hansson, Oskar Nordberg, Agneta Ossenkoppele, Rik Villemagne, Victor L. Winblad, Bengt Frisoni, Giovanni B. Garibotto, Valentina German Ctr Neurodegenerat Dis DZNE Standort Rosto Gehlsheimer Str 20 D-18147 Rostock Germany Univ Geneva LANVIE Lab Neuroimaging Aging Geneva Switzerland Univ Trento Ctr Neurocognit Rehabil CeRiN CIMeC Trento Italy Univ Geneva NIMTlab Neuroimaging & Innovat Mol Tracers Lab Geneva Switzerland USI Univ Svizzera Italiana Inst Publ Hlth IPH Lugano Switzerland Univ Geneva Dept Hlth & Community Med Div Clin Epidemiol Geneva Switzerland Univ Hosp Geneva Geneva Switzerland IRCCS Ist Ctr San Giovanni Dio Fatebenefratelli LANE Lab Alzheimers Neuroimaging & Epidemiol Brescia Italy Univ Gothenburg Wallenberg Ctr Mol & Translat Med Gothenburg Sweden Univ Gothenburg Inst Neurosci & Physiol Dept Psychiat & Neurochem Sahlgrenska Acad Molndal Sweden NIHR Biomed Res Ctr Mental Hlth London England South London & Maudsley NHS Fdn Biomed Res Unit Dementia London England Kings Coll London Inst Psychiat Psychol & Neurosci London England Univ Hosp Cologne Dept Nucl Med Cologne Germany Karolinska Inst Ctr Alzheimer Res Dept Neurobiol Care Sci & Soc Div Clin Geriatr Stockholm Sweden Karolinska Univ Hosp Theme Neurol Stockholm Sweden Vrije Univ Amsterdam Alzheimer Ctr Amsterdam Dept Neurol Amsterdam NeurosciAmsterdam UMC Amsterdam Netherlands Geneva Med Hosp Nucl Med & Mol Div Geneva Switzerland Univ Calif San Francisco Dept Neurol Radiol & Biomed Imaging San Francisco CA 94143 USA Alzheimers Assoc Chicago IL USA Univ Cologne Fac Med Cologne Germany German Ctr Neurodegenerat Dis DZNE Bonn Germany Res Ctr Julich Inst Neurosci & Med INM 2 Mol Org Brain Julich Germany Lund Univ Dept Clin Sci Malmo Clin Memory Res Unit Lund Sweden Skane Univ Hosp Memory Clin Malmo Sweden Karolinska Univ Hosp Geriatr Clin Theme Aging Huddinge Sweden Lund Univ Dept Clin Memory Res Lund Sweden Austin Hlth Dept Mol Imaging & Therapy Melbourne Vic Australia Univ Pittsburgh Dept Psychiat Pittsburgh PA USA Karolinska Inst Dept Neurobiol Care Sci & Soc Div Neurogeriatr S

Background The 2017 Alzheimer's disease (AD) Strategic Biomarker Roadmap (SBR) structured the validation of AD diagnostic biomarkers into 5 phases, systematically assessing analytical validity (Phases 1-2), clinical validity (Phases 3-4), and clinical utility (Phase 5) through primary and secondary Aims. This framework allows to map knowledge gaps and research priorities, accelerating the route towards clinical implementation. Within an initiative aimed to assess the development of biomarkers of tau pathology, we revised this methodology consistently with progress in AD research. Methods We critically appraised the adequacy of the 2017 Biomarker Roadmap within current diagnostic frameworks, discussed updates at a workshop convening the Alzheimer's Association and 8 leading AD biomarker research groups, and detailed the methods to allow consistent assessment of aims achievement for tau and other AD diagnostic biomarkers. Results The 2020 update applies to all AD diagnostic biomarkers. In Phases 2-3, we admitted a greater variety of study designs (e.g., cross-sectional in addition to longitudinal) and reference standards (e.g., biomarker confirmation in addition to clinical progression) based on construct (in addition to criterion) validity. We structured a systematic data extraction to enable transparent and formal evidence assessment procedures. Finally, we have clarified issues that need to be addressed to generate data eligible to evidence-to-decision procedures. Discussion This revision allows for more versatile and precise assessment of existing evidence, keeps up with theoretical developments, and helps clinical researchers in producing evidence suitable for evidence-to-decision procedures. Compliance with this methodology is essential to implement AD biomarkers efficiently in clinical research and diagnostics.

关键词： Biomarker Alzheimer’ s disease Dementia MCI Mild cognitive impairment validation methodology

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