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Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop testing XV

作者： Oleson, Jim Cordell, John Greer, Derek Joyner, Tom Woode, Brian Oleson Convergent Solut LLC Santa Barbara CA 93121 USA NAWCAD ACETEF ECTIM Santa Barbara CA 93108 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819481276

Radiometrically accurate simulation of InfraRed (IR) signatures is an essential prerequisite for valid IR sensor testing within the IR Scene Projection (IRSP) community. The Electronic Combat Stimulation (ECSTIM) Branch EO/IR Laboratory at the NAVAIR Air Combat Environment T&E Facility (ACETEF), NAWC-AD, Patuxent River, Maryland has recently begun validation testing of their Large Format Resistive-emitter Array (LFRA) IRSP. This is in preparation for developmental and operational testing of emerging mission-critical IR Countermeasure (IRCM) systems. validation is guided by the Navy Air Defense Threat Simulator validation Procedures Manual (NAWCWPNS TM 7489-3) and will support s other emerging high priority development programs such as the Joint Distributed IRCM Ground-test System (JDIGS). This paper discusses the ECSTIM/EO/IR Laboratory LFRA IRSP validation testing process, the resulting data collection, measurements and analysis.

关键词： IR Scene Projector (IRSP) Windows IR (WinIR) Large Format Resistive-emitter Array (LFRA) validation testing Two Color IR Missile Warning System (MWS) Tracker IRCM JDIGS T&E Unit Under Test (UUT)

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Model-based testing of a vehicle instrument cluster for design validation using machine vision

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MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2009年第6期20卷 065502 (11-065502 (11页

作者： Huang, Yingping McMurran, Ross Dhadyalla, Gunwant Jones, R. Peter Mouzakitis, Alexandros Univ Warwick WMG Coventry CV4 7AL W Midlands England Univ Warwick Sch Engn Coventry CV4 7AL W Midlands England Ctr Engn Coventry W Midlands England

This paper presents an advanced testing system, combining model-based testing and machine vision technologies, for automated design validation of a vehicle instrument cluster. In the system, a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) tester, supported by model-based approaches, simulates vehicle operations in real time and dynamically provides all essential signals to the instrument cluster under test. A machine vision system with advanced image processing algorithms is designed to inspect the visual displays. Experiments demonstrate that the system developed is accurate for measuring the pointer position, bar graph position, pointer angular velocity and indicator flash rate, and is highly robust for validating various functionalities including warning lights status, symbol and text displays. Moreover, the system developed greatly eases the task of tedious validation testing and makes onerous repeated tests possible.

关键词： machine vision model-based testing simulation validation testing instrument cluster hardware-in-the-loop

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UCov: a user-defined coverage criterion for test case intent verification

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SOFTWARE testing VERIFICATION & RELIABILITY 2016年第6期26卷 460-491页

作者： Abou Assi, Rawad Masri, Wes Zaraket, Fadi Amer Univ Beirut Elect & Comp Engn Dept Beirut 11072020 Lebanon

The goal of regression testing is to ensure that the behaviour of existing code, believed correct by previous testing, is not altered by new program changes. This paper argues that the primary focus of regression testing should be on code associated with (1) earlier bug fixes and (2) particular application scenarios considered to be important by the developer or tester. Existing coverage criteria do not enable such focus, for example, 100% branch coverage does not guarantee that a given bug fix is exercised or a given application scenario is tested. Therefore, there is a need for a new and complementary coverage criterion in which the user can definea test requirement characterizing a given behaviour to be covered as opposed to choosing from a pool of pre-defined and generic program elements. This paper proposes this new methodology and calls it UCov, a user-defined coverage criterion wherein a test requirement is an execution pattern of program elements, and possibly predicates, that a test case must satisfy. The proposed criterion is not meant to replace existing criteria, but to complement them as it focuses the testing on important code patterns that could go untested otherwise. UCov supports test case intent verification. For example, following a bug fix, the testing team may augment the regression suite with the test case that revealed the bug. However, this test case might become obsolete due to code modifications not related to the bug. But if a test requirement characterizing the bug was defined by the user, UCov would determine that test case intent verification failed. The UCov methodology was implemented for the Java platform, was successfully applied onto 10 real-life case studies and was shown to have advantages over JUnit. The implementation comprises the following tools: (1) TRSpec: allows the user to easily specify complex test requirements;(2) TRCheck: checks whether user-defined test requirements were satisfied, that is, supports test case intent

关键词： software testing code coverage regression testing validation testing user-defined coverage criterion test case intent verification test case intent preservation

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Use Case Maps and LOTOS for the prototyping and validation of a mobile group call system

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COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS 2000年第12期23卷 1135-1157页

作者： Amyot, D Logrippo, L Univ Ottawa Sch Informat Technol & Engn Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada

SPEC-VALUE, a rigorous scenario-driven approach for the description and validation of complex system functionalities at the early stages of design, is presented. It is based on two notations. The first notation, called Use Case Maps (UCMs), is used to capture functional requirements. UCMs can help reasoning about system-wide functionalities at a high level of abstraction before a prototype is generated. The second notation is the formal specification language LOTOS. UCM scenarios are translated into LOTOS specifications, which animate UCMs with the help of tools. LOTOS-based techniques, especially specification-level testing, can be used to validate designs. It is shown how SPEC-VALUE can help to produce better-quality designs and standards and to improve human understanding with reduced time and costs. A real-life case study is provided: the Group Call service of the mobile data system General Packet Radio Services (GPRS). (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： causal scenarios LoTos telecommunications standards use case maps validation testing

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Experiences of using a PKI to access a hospital information system by high street opticians

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COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS 2003年第16期26卷 1893-1903页

作者： Chadwick, DW Mundy, D New, J Univ Salford IS Inst Salford M5 4WT Lancs England Hope Hosp Salford Royal Hosp NHS Trust Salford M6 8HD Lancs England

This paper describes a system that gives opticians Internet access from their high street shops to patient data held in a hospital Diabetes Information System (DIS), using a standard Web browser. The system is a revision of an earlier one we provided to General Practitioners (GPs), and uses a public key infrastructure with strong encryption and digitally signed messages to secure the data as it traverses the Internet. We describe the PKI and the security architecture, the DIS we chose to distribute, the changes that we made to the Web interface to tailor it to the opticians needs, the validation testing we performed, the results of the pilot testing and the feedback we obtained from the opticians. We also compare the results with our earlier work with GPs. We found that in a well-designed system the underlying PKI is virtually invisible to the users, and its security is taken for granted. Users then concentrate on the costs and benefits of the electronic application. In our system, benefits can accrue to opticians by giving them access to the latest patient data, and this can help to improve patient care. Benefits also accrue to the DIS administrators and the wider community of DIS users, in that data quality can be significantly improved. However, we found that the slow speed of Internet access via a dial up connection is a significant impediment to its frequent use. We also found that it is extremely difficult to produce a user interface that pleases everyone. Finally, in complex information systems such as this PKI, failure of just one component or administrative procedure can have a catastrophic effect on the availability of the entire system. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Public Key Infrastructure digital signatures encryption WWW medical telematics usability validation testing

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Material and structural crashworthiness characterization of paratransit buses

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CRASHWORTHINESS 2007年第5期12卷 509-520页

作者： Horstemeyer, M. F. Li, H. Siervogel, J. Kwasniewski, L. Wekezer, J. Christian, B. Roufa, G. FAMU FSU Coll Engn Dept Civil & Environm Engn Tallahassee FL 32310 USA Ctr Adv Vehicular Syst Starkville MS 39759 USA Warsaw Univ Technol Dept Civil Engn PL-00637 Warsaw Poland Florida Dept Transportat Struct Res Ctr Tallahassee FL 32310 USA

A comprehensive experimental material characterization and full-scale testing of structural connections of paratransit buses is presented in this paper. Structure-property relations were quantified for the constitutive material models used for finite element simulation-based crashworthiness research of paratransit buses. Several structural materials used by the paratransit bus industry were identified, and coupon size specimens were tested. A dynamic wall panel test with an impact hammer provided validation data for the finite element simulations. In addition, quasi-static laboratory tests of standard connections between the walls, floor, and the roof of a selected paratransit bus were performed. In addition to FE model validation, the connection testing allowed for thorough qualitative assessment of connection design, which resulted in improved crashworthy connection details. The experimental materials characterization and validation protocol described in this paper is consistent with the draft of the crash and safety standard for structural assessment of paratransit buses in the state of Florida. This roadmap is intended to be used for crashworthiness evaluation of future paratransit buses.

关键词： paratransit bus crashworthiness rollover side impact validation testing LS-DYNA

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Biofidelity and Limitations of Instrumented Mouthguard Systems for Assessment of Rigid Body Head Kinematics

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ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2024年第10期52卷 2872-2883页

作者： Abrams, Mitchell Z. Venkatraman, Jay Sherman, Donald Ortiz-Paparoni, Maria Bercaw, Jefferson R. Macdonald, Robert E. Kait, Jason Dimbath, Elizabeth D. Pang, Derek Y. Gray, Alexandra Luck, Jason F. Bir, Cynthia A. Bass, Cameron R. Duke Univ Dept Biomed Engn 101 Sci Dr1427 FCIEMAS Bldg-Box 90281 Durham NC 27708 USA Wayne State Univ Dept Biomed Engn Detroit MI USA

Instrumented mouthguard systems (iMGs) are commonly used to study rigid body head kinematics across a variety of athletic environments. Previous work has found good fidelity for iMGs rigidly fixed to anthropomorphic test device (ATD) headforms when compared to reference systems, but few validation studies have focused on iMG performance in human cadaver heads. Here, we examine the performance of two boil-and-bite style iMGs in helmeted cadaver heads. Three unembalmed human cadaver heads were fitted with two instrumented boil-and-bite mouthguards [Prevent Biometrics and Diversified Technical Systems (DTS)] per manufacturer instructions. Reference sensors were rigidly fixed to each specimen. Specimens were fitted with a Riddell SpeedFlex American football helmet and impacted with a rigid impactor at three velocities and locations. All impact kinematics were compared at the head center of gravity. The Prevent iMG performed comparably to the reference system up to similar to 60 g in linear acceleration, but overall had poor correlation (CCC = 0.39). Prevent iMG angular velocity and BrIC generally well correlated with the reference, while underestimating HIC and overestimating HIC duration. The DTS iMG consistently overestimated the reference across all measures, with linear acceleration error ranging from 10 to 66%, and angular acceleration errors greater than 300%. Neither iMG demonstrated consistent agreement with the reference system. While iMG validation efforts have utilized ATD testing, this study highlights the need for cadaver testing and validation of devices intended for use in-vivo, particularly when considering realistic (non-idealized) sensor-skull coupling, when accounting for interactions with the mandible and when subject-specific anatomy may affect device performance.

关键词： Cadaver Head impact exposure Mouthguard Wearable sensor validation testing

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Rule-based system validation through automatic identification of equivalence classes

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON KNOWLEDGE AND DATA ENGINEERING 1997年第1期9卷 24-31页

作者： Rosenwald, GW Liu, CC Department of Electrical Engineering University of Washington Seattle WA USA

The proposed validation method identifies equivalence classes for fundamental tasks in a rule-based system to help identify incorrect knowledge and rule inconsistencies. The proposed method validates the entire input domain of a pre-existing rule-based system by using symbolic execution to determine the conditions under which tasks may be instantiated.

关键词： equivalence classes expert systems rule-based systems validation testing

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Assessment of Prorated Scoring of an Abbreviated Protocol for the National Institutes of Health Toolbox Cognition Battery

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JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2020年第10期26卷 1045-1050页

作者： Rebchuk, Alexander D. Alimohammadi, Arshia Yuan, Michelle Cairncross, Molly Torres, Ivan J. Silverberg, Noah D. Field, Thalia S. Univ British Columbia Div Neurosurg Vancouver BC Canada Univ British Columbia Fac Med Vancouver BC Canada Univ British Columbia Fac Sci Vancouver BC Canada Vancouver Stroke Program S169-2211 Wesbrook Mall Vancouver BC V6T 2B5 Canada Univ British Columbia Div Phys Med & Rehabil Vancouver BC Canada Vancouver Coastal Hlth Res Inst Rehabil Res Program Vancouver BC Canada Univ British Columbia Dept Psychiat Vancouver BC Canada British Columbia Mental Hlth & Subst Use Serv Vancouver BC Canada Univ British Columbia Djavad Mowafaghian Ctr Brain Hlth Vancouver BC Canada

Objective: To evaluate an abbreviated NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) protocol that can be administered remotely without any in-person assessments, and explore the agreement between prorated scores from the abbreviated protocol and standard scores from the full protocol. Methods: Participant-level age-corrected NIHTB-CB data were extracted from six studies in individuals with a history of stroke, mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), treatment-resistant psychosis, and healthy controls, with testing administered under standard conditions. Prorated fluid and total cognition scores were estimated using regression equations that excluded the three fluid cognition NIHTB-CB instruments which cannot be administered remotely. Paired t tests and intraclass correlations (ICCs) were used to compare the standard and prorated scores. Results: Data were available for 245 participants. For fluid cognition, overall prorated scores were higher than standard scores (mean difference = +4.5, SD = 14.3;p < 0.001;ICC = 0.86). For total cognition, overall prorated scores were higher than standard scores (mean difference = +2.7, SD = 8.3;p < 0.001;ICC = 0.88). These differences were significant in the stroke and mTBI groups, but not in the healthy control or psychosis groups. Conclusions: Prorated scores from an abbreviated NIHTB-CB protocol are not a valid replacement for the scores from the standard protocol. Alternative approaches to administering the full protocol, or corrections to scoring of the abbreviated protocol, require further study and validation.

关键词： Neuropsychology validation testing Cognition Telemedicine Rehabilitation Stroke Mild traumatic brain injury Psychosis

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Usability and Acceptability of the Abatacept Pre-Filled Autoinjector for the Subcutaneous Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis

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ADVANCES IN THERAPY 2016年第2期33卷 199-213页

作者： Schiff, Michael Koo, Joe Jin, Erik Schiller, Eric Day, Ashley Stevens, Rebecca Laskar, Christina Univ Colorado Dept Rheumatol Denver CO 80202 USA Bristol Myers Squibb Co Device Operat Princeton NJ USA Ipsos Insight LLC Westbury NY USA

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the abatacept autoinjector can be used by the intended population without patterns of preventable use errors, and is acceptable when assessed against key user needs. Two independently conducted simulated-use studies, with no active drug administered, quantified use errors and evaluated the abatacept autoinjector and competitor devices on key attributes (comfort, control, ease of use, confidence of dose) and overall acceptability. Autoinjector preference was also assessed. Participants were patients with rheumatoid arthritis, caregivers, and healthcare professionals (HCPs). Participants were informed that a new rheumatoid arthritis autoinjector was being tested but were blinded to the intended drug and sponsor identity. In the formative (pre-validation) study (n = 54), two high-priority use errors occurred, both of which resulted from protocol non-compliance rather than mental confusion or physical limitations. In the summative (validation) study (n = 99), one high-priority use error occurred;this was deemed a simulated-use study artifact as participant behavior was guided by actual experience associated with the feel of drug delivery into the skin rather than by protocol, so no mitigation steps were considered necessary. Across user groups, average scores were consistently high for the pre-defined key attributes. Overall acceptability scores (7-point scale) were significantly higher for the abatacept versus competitor autoinjectors-formative study: patients 6.7 vs 5.2 (P = 0.0001), caregivers 7.0 vs 4.6 (P = 0.0093), HCPs 6.8 vs 5.1 (P = 0.0020);summative study: patients 6.5 vs 5.9 (P = 0.0404), caregivers 6.8 vs 5.8 (P = 0.0047), HCPs 6.8 vs 5.1 (P = 0.0002). The abatacept autoinjector was preferred to competitor devices: patients 85.7% vs 14.3% (P = 0.00002), caregivers 84.2% vs 15.8% (P = 0.00443), HCPs 95.0% vs 5.0% (P = 0.00004). Positive experiences with the abatacept autoinjector were attributed to the

关键词： Abatacept autoinjector Failure modes and effects analysis Human factors engineering Usability validation testing

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