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Application of various methods for determination of the color of cocoa beans roasted under variable process parameters

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EUROPEAN FOOD RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2014年第4期238卷 549-563页

作者： Zyzelewicz, Dorota Krysiak, Wieslawa Nebesny, Ewa Budryn, Grazyna Lodz Univ Technol Inst Chem Technol Food Fac Biotechnol & Food Sci PL-90924 Lodz Poland

Cocoa beans of Forastero variety from Togo were subjected to roasting under either constant or variable process parameters. The variable process parameters were roasting air flow rate, temperature and relative humidity. The color of roasted cocoa beans was determined by pigment extraction under various conditions followed by either their spectrophotometric assays or CIE L*a*b measurements. Also the Maillard compounds index and total polyphenols content correlated with progress of the browning of beans were determined. It was found that an increase in the roasting air relative humidity stimulated formation of brown pigments, while elevated temperature caused worsening of color parameters of roasted cocoa beans. The most suitable method of color characterization of roasted cocoa beans was found to be pigments extraction combined with either separation of their fractions or CIE L*a*b measurements. These assays revealed that cocoa beans roasted under variable roasting air flow rate were characterized by improved color parameters. The relatively simple and inexpensive CIE L*a*b measurements ensured fast analysis of color parameters, while total polyphenols in roasted cocoa beans were quickly estimated by using F-C reagent. Furthermore, quantification of melanoid pigments in roasted cocoa beans can be based on determination of the index of nonenzymatic browning products content, which is relatively simple and inexpensive.

关键词： Cocoa bean Roasting Color variable parameters

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Fuzzy Decoupling Energy Efficiency Optimization Algorithm in Cloud Computing Environment

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AND SYSTEMS APPROACH 2021年第2期14卷 52-69页

作者： Wang, Xiaohong Luliang Univ Dept Math Luliang Peoples R China

With the vigorous development of information technology, cloud computing, as a distributed computing technology, has become a research hotspot in the industry. The cloud computing system has a huge resource pool. In order to meet user-specific quality of service requests, it needs to perform reasonable scheduling of various tasks. Under the premise of ensuring high computing performance and better service quality in the cloud computing environment, system energy efficiency optimization has become a key issue to be promoted in the promotion of cloud computing. The research purpose of this paper is to study the fuzzy decoupling energy efficiency optimization algorithm in cloud computing environment. This paper designs a fuzzy decoupling energy efficiency optimization scheme.

关键词： Cloud Computing Environment Energy Efficiency Optimization Fuzzy Decoupling Fuzzy Neural Network variable parameters

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An Impulse Resistance Current Control Method Suitable for Mobile Energy Storage System

An Impulse Resistance Current Control Method Suitable for Mo...

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2025 International Conference on Electrical Automation and Artificial Intelligence, ICEAAI 2025

作者： Yu, Haojie Yin, Shi Wang, Yaoxuan Sun, Lijing Xiao, Fei State Grid Shanghai Energy Interconnection Research Institute Co. Ltd. Shanghai China State Grid Shanghai Electric Power Co. Ltd. Shanghai China

ISBN: (纸本)9798331506797

The mobile energy storage system has the advantages of environmental friendliness, high power supply quality and two-way interaction with the power grid, and is widely used in application scenarios such as power protection for important loads and temporary power supply. However, compared with the traditional diesel-generating unit, the mobile energy storage system outputs through the power electronic interface, and its overload capacity is limited, and when there are impact loads such as motors and transformers with short-term high-rate current characteristics in the load, it may lead to the collapse of the entire off-grid power supply system. At present, in order to meet the power demand of impact loads, it is often used to increase the capacity of power electronic equipment or to adopt the current inner loop output current limiting mode in the control strategy, but the first mode increases the cost of the mobile energy storage system, and the second mode needs to be targeted with load starting, which has a narrow adaptation range, and it is easy to cause system oscillation in the process of load switching. In this paper, an anti-impulse load control algorithm suitable for mobile energy storage system is proposed, which can automatically correct the voltage control instructions and voltage control parameters according to the magnitude of the load current, effectively suppress the impulse current in the process of impulse load switching, and automatically restore the output voltage after the current stabilizes. This control method can further improve the load capacity of the off-grid power supply system and ensure the stable operation of the off-grid system without increasing the hardware cost of the equipment. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Current Suppression Impact loads Impulse Current Mobile Energy Storage variable parameters

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Extended Kalman filter and Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy observer for a strip winding system

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EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS 2022年第0期208卷

作者： Szedlak-Stinean, Alexandra-Iulia Precup, Radu-Emil Petriu, Emil M. Roman, Raul-Cristian Hedrea, Elena-Lorena Bojan-Dragos, Claudia-Adina Politehn Univ Timisoara Dept Automat & Appl Informat Bd V Parvan 2 Timisoara 300223 Romania Romanian Acad Timisoara Branch Ctr Fundamental & Adv Tech Res Bd Mihai Viteazu 24 Timisoara 300223 Romania Univ Ottawa Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci 800 King Edward Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada

This paper proposes two nonlinear estimation approaches, namely based on Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and a Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Observer with 32 rules (TSFO-32), for a Strip Winding System (SWS) characterized by variable reference input, variable moment of inertia with constant increasing tendency and variable parameters. The SWS is a complex and nonlinear mechatronic system viewed as a controlled process, which wraps a strip with constant linear velocity on a reel, and the variable radius modifies both the angular velocity and the moment of inertia. The motivation of using EKF is the zero stationary error at low speeds. The motivation of using TSFO-32 is that once the Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy models are obtained, various analysis and design tools initially developed for linear systems, which facilitate the observation and/or synthesis of the controller for complex nonlinear systems, can be adapted appropriately and used in these nonlinear systems. Therefore, these tools simplify the design as well-established approaches and algorithms are available. The fuzzy control system stability and observer design conditions are derived and expressed as linear matrix inequalities. The efficiency of TSFO-32 is discussed in this paper in terms of setting a certain convergence rate. The performance of the two nonlinear estimation approaches is validated by means of digital simulations conducted for three values of the moment of inertia.

关键词： Extended Kalman filters Low-cost automation Mechatronics Nonlinear observers Strip winding systems Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy observers variable parameters

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STATIC AND DYNAMIC PROBLEMS FOR ANISOTROPIC INHOMOGENEOUS SHELLS WITH variable parameters AND THEIR NUMERICAL SOLUTION (REVIEW)

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INTERNATIONAL APPLIED MECHANICS 2013年第2期49卷 123-193页

作者： Grigorenko, Ya M. Grigorenko, A. Ya Natl Acad Sci Ukraine SP Timoshenko Inst Mech 3 Nesterova St UA-03057 Kiev Ukraine

Studies on the static and dynamic deformation of isotropic and anisotropic elastic shell-like bodies of complex shape performed using classical and refined problem statements are reviewed. To solve two-dimensional boundary-value problems and eigenvalue problems, use is made of a nontraditional discrete-continuum approach based on the spline-approximation of the unknown functions of partial differential equations with variable coefficients. This enables reducing the original problem to a system of one-dimensional problems solved with the discrete-orthogonalization method. An analysis is made of numerical results on the distribution of stress and displacement fields and dynamic characteristics depending on the loading and boundary conditions, geometrical and mechanical parameters of elastic bodies. Emphasis is placed on the accuracy of the results

关键词： shell structures static and dynamic problems variable parameters models discrete-continuum methods

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Stability analysis of linear systems with time-varying delay via intermediate polynomial-based functions

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AUTOMATICA 2020年第0期113卷 108756-000页

作者： Li, Zhichen Yan, Huaicheng Zhang, Hao Peng, Yan Park, Ju H. He, Yong East China Univ Sci & Technol Minist Educ Key Lab Adv Control & Optimizat Chem Proc Shanghai 200237 Peoples R China Tongji Univ Shanghai Inst Intelligent Sci & Technol Shanghai 200092 Peoples R China Shanghai Univ Sch Mechatron Engn & Automat Shanghai 200444 Peoples R China Yeungnam Univ Dept Elect Engn Gyongsan 38541 South Korea China Univ Geosci Sch Automat Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China

This note is devoted to stability analysis for linear system with time-varying delay. By advisably introducing slack matrices, novel fractional order intermediate polynomial-based functions (IPFs) are proposed. Then, the stability condition is derived for the time delay system. From configuration on fractional order polynomials, the relationships among system states are taken into account and consolidated via slack variables, and the characteristics for integral inequality are synthetically considered, while avoiding higher order time delays. More remarkably, adjusting tunable parameters also contributes to reduction of conservatism. The comparisons of computational complexity and stability region on a well known numerical example are provided to validate the advantages of the resulting stability criterion. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Time delay systems Stability analysis Fractional order intermediate polynomial variable parameters

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The asymptotic zero distribution of Lommel polynomials as functions of their order with a variable complex argument

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JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS 2020年第1期490卷 124238-124238页

作者： Blaschke, Petr Stampach, Frantisek Silesian Univ Opava Math Inst Opava Na Rybnicku 626-1 Opava 74601 Czech Republic Czech Tech Univ Fac Informat Technol Dept Appl Math Thakurova 9 Prague 16000 Czech Republic

We study the asymptotic distribution of roots of Lommel polynomials as polynomials of the order with a variable and purely imaginary argument. The roots are complex and accumulate on certain curves in the complex plane. We prove existence of the weak limit of corresponding root-counting measures and deduce formulas for the supporting curves and density. The obtained result represents a solvable example of a more general problem which is still open. Numerical illustrations of the main result are also involved. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lommel polynomials Zeros Asymptotic zero distribution variable parameters

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Low-Cost Neuro-Fuzzy Control Solution for Servo Systems with variable parameters

Low-Cost Neuro-Fuzzy Control Solution for Servo Systems with...

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IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Virtual Environments for Measurement Systems and Applications (CIVEMSA)

作者： Stinean, Alexandra-Iulia Preitl, Stefan Precup, Radu-Emil Dragos, Claudia-Adina Radac, Mircea-Bogdan Petriu, Emil M. Politehn Univ Timisoara Dept Automat & Appl Informat Timisoara Romania Univ Ottawa Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781467347037

This paper treats the design and implementation of a low-cost neuro-fuzzy control solution for a class of servo systems with an integral component and variable parameters. A hybrid Takagi-Sugeno PI-neuro-fuzzy controller (T-S PI-N-FC) is proposed and presented along with its relatively simple design approach. The solution carries out the on-line adaptation of a single parameter of the input membership functions of a Takagi-Sugeno PI-fuzzy controller with input integration (T-S PI-FC-II) by a single neuron trained by back propagation with momentum factor in the framework of a model reference adaptive controller structure. The second parameter of the input membership functions is tuned by the modal equivalence principle. Linear matrix inequalities are proposed as sufficient stability conditions to be fulfilled by the parameters of the rule consequents of the T-S PI-FC-II in order to guarantee the stable design of the hybrid T-S PI-N-FC. The solution is validated by a case study using a set of three process parameters that correspond to a strip winding system laboratory equipment. Digital simulation results and experimental results are given.

关键词： integral component linear matrix inequalities servo systems Takagi-Sugeno PI neuro-fuzzy controllers variable parameters

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A Direct Torque Controlled Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive with variable parameters Speed Regulator

A Direct Torque Controlled Permanent Magnet Synchronous Moto...

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3rd International Conference on Advances in Materials Manufacturing (ICAMMP 2012)

作者： Qiao, Shan Xu, Jianying Han, Bing Univ Sci & Technol Sch Elect & Informat Engn Liaoning Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9783037856482

This paper reports results of further investigation of the direct torque control to a permanent magnet synchronous motor drive. A variable parameters speed controller is proposed from the point of view of speed control to accelerate the dynamic response and increase the control precision and decrease the torque ripple of the system. It is presented that a reference flux vector calculation direct torque control system with a speed controller using different proportional and integral coefficients, and a novel torque-limiting method is recommended. The simulation results show that the control system can improve its performances and limit torque ripple effectively.

关键词： permanent magnet synchronous motor direct torque control variable parameters torque limit

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Environment variables, composition and metabolic characteristics of culturable sediment bacteria isolated around Gokceada Island, Aegean Sea, Turkey

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REGIONAL STUDIES IN MARINE SCIENCE 2021年 42卷

作者： Turetken, Pelin S. Ciftci Istanbul Univ Fac Aquat Sci Dept Marine Biol Istanbul Turkey

Determination of bacteriological diversity in marine ecosystems is of great importance in terms of understanding the functioning of the marine ecosystem, as well as being an indicator of alarm for pollution and sudden changes in marine environments. In this study, we aimed to investigate the composition and metabolic characteristics, relative to variable environmental parameters in the sediment sampling points, of cultivable heterotrophic bacteria taken seasonally from the coastal areas of Gokceada Island, Turkey between February and November of 2015. The counts of the total cultivable heterotrophic aerobic bacteria (HAB) were tested by using the spread plate technique with Marine agar. The living and dead bacteria counts (TB) were tested with an epifluorescent microscope by means of the DAPI-CTC staining method. The enzyme activation and metabolic responses of the bacterial isolates were screened against certain substrates by using the VITEK 2 Compact 30 automated micro-identification system. variable environmental parameters were recorded in-situ in the seawater samples surrounding the sediment samples with multiparameter instrument. The spatial variability of trophic parameter values was tested by spectrophotometric methods. The mean HAB and TB counts of sediment samples were recorded as 35x10(9)+/- 0.5 and 79x10(10)+/- 0.9 CFU g(-1), respectively. During the study period, sixteen bacteria species belonging to six classes. Bacilli (6.0%), Gammaproteobacteria (71.1%), Betaproteobacteria (3.6%), Actinobacteria (1.2%), Cocci (1.2%), and Alphaproteobacteria (16.9 %) were recorded. Arylamidase was determined to be the highest enzyme activity. These results showed that nitrogen mineralization occurs at a high rate in the sediment samples of Gokceada Island. Temporal and spatial variations in total and heterotrophic bacteria levels between seasons were significant (p<0.05) in the study area. There were no significant station variations between TB and HAB levels (p>0.05)

关键词： Bacteria Metabolically characters variable parameters Sediment

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