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8th IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium

作者： Swaminathan, V Schweizer, CB Chakrabarty, K Patel, AA Duke Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Durham NC 27708 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0769517390

Dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) is being increasingly used for power management in embedded systems. Energy is a scarce resource in embedded real-time systems and energy consumption must be carefully balanced against real-time responsiveness. We describe our experiences in implementing an energy driven task scheduler in RT-Linux. We attempt to minimize the energy consumed by, a taskset while guaranteeing that all task deadlines are met. Our algorithm, which we call LEDF follows a greed), approach and schedules as many tasks as possible at a low CPU speed in a power-aware manner We present simulation results on energy savings using LEDF and we validate our approach using the RT-Linux testbed on the AMD Athlon 4 processor Power measurements taken on the testbed closely match the power estimates obtained using simulation. Our results show that DVS results in significant energy savings for practical real-life task sets. We also show that when CPU speeds are restricted to only a few discrete values, this approach saves more energy than currently existing methods.

关键词： deadlines low energy earl iest-deadline first (LEDF) scheduling RT-Linux dynamic voltage scaling variable-speed task scheduling

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Real-time task scheduling for energy-aware embedded systems

引用

JOURNAL OF THE FRANKLIN INSTITUTE-ENGINEERING AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS 2001年第6期338卷 729-750页

作者： Swaminathan, V Chakrabarty, K Duke Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Durham NC 27708 USA

We present a new approach for scheduling workloads containing periodic tasks in real-time systems. The proposed approach minimizes the total energy consumed by the task set and guarantees that the deadline for every periodic task is met. Energy is a scarce resource for embedded systems, and energy consumption must be carefully balanced against real-time responsiveness. As embedded software becomes a larger component of system-on-a-chip design, energy management using the operating system becomes increasingly important. We present a mixed-integer linear programming model for the NP-complete scheduling problem and solve it for moderate-sized problem instances using a public-domain solver. For larger task sets, we present a novel low-energy earliest-deadline-first (LEDF) scheduling algorithm and apply it to two real-life task sets. We also present extended-LEDF (E-LEDF), a modified version of LEDF that considers more practical scenarios. Our results show that energy can be conserved in embedded real-time systems using energy-aware task scheduling. (C) 2001 The Franklin Institute. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： deadlines low energy low power low-energy earliest-deadline-first (LEDF) scheduling mixed-integer linear programming real-time operating systems variable-speed task scheduling voltage-switching

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