Background: Autism spectrum disorder, a neurodevelopmental disorder, is difficult to characterize from a gait biomechanics perspective, possibly due to increased inter and intra-individual variability. Previous resear...
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Background: Autism spectrum disorder, a neurodevelopmental disorder, is difficult to characterize from a gait biomechanics perspective, possibly due to increased inter and intra-individual variability. Previous research illustrates increased gait variability in young children with autism, but assessments in older adolescents or at varying speeds are unavailable. The purpose of this study was to determine if adolescents with autism demonstrate increased intra-limb and inter-limb coordination variability during walking compared to age, sex, and body mass index matched controls. Methods: Seventeen adolescents with autism (age 13-18 years) and seventeen matched controls performed walking at two matched speeds: self-selected of adolescents with autism and at 1.3 m/s. Modified vector coding was used to determine the patterns of movement for foot-shank, left/right thigh, and contralateral thigh-arm coupling. Coordination variability, a measure of cycle-to-cycle variability, was determined across the full stride. Mixed-model analyses of variance were used to determine if group by speed interactions and/or main effects existed for coordination variability. Findings: A significant interaction existed for foot-shank variability (p = 0.039). Adolescents with autism had greater variability at self-selected speeds (p = 0.018), but not at 1.3 m/s (p = 0.593) compared to controls. Thighthigh coordination was greater for adolescents with ASD compared to controls at both speeds (p = 0.021). Variability was decreased at 1.3 m/s for both foot-shank (p = 0.016) and thigh-thigh (p = 0.021) coupling. Interpretation: This study illustrates that adolescents with autism perform walking with increased coordination variability at both proximal and distal segments. Thus, it is likely intra-individual variability drives the disparity of movement patterns in this population.
The purpose of this study was to identify changes in segment/joint coordination and coordination variability in running with increasing head stability requirements. Fifteen strides from twelve recreational runners whi...
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The purpose of this study was to identify changes in segment/joint coordination and coordination variability in running with increasing head stability requirements. Fifteen strides from twelve recreational runners while running on a treadmill at their preferred speed were collected. Head stability demands were manipulated through real-time visual feedback that required head-gaze orientation to be contained within boxes of different sizes, ranging from 21 to 3 degrees of visual angle in 3-degree decrements. Coordination patterns and coordination variability were assessed between head and trunk segments, hip and knee joints, and knee and ankle joints in the three cardinal planes, respectively. Mean coupling angles and the standard deviation of the coupling angles at each individual point of the stance phase were calculated using a modified vector coding technique and circular statistics. As head stability demands increased, transverse plane head-trunk coordination was more anti-phase and showed increased head-leading and decreased trunk-leading patterns;for the lower extremity, there was increased in-phase and decreased anti-phase sagittal plane coordination. Increased head stability demands also resulted in an increase in coordination variability for both upper body and lower extremity couplings during the second half of the stance phase. Overall, the results provide evidence that coordinative adaptations to increasing head stability demands occur throughout the entire body: 1) through more independent control of the head relative to the trunk;2) by increasing in-phase coordination between lower extremity joints, and 3) through increased coordination variability in the second half of stance in both upper body segmental and lower extremity joint couplings. These adaptations likely contribute to the reduction of the range of motion of the trunk in vertical direction.
This paper proposes a practical compress-and-forward cooperation scheme with vector coding at the relay node for a three-terminal classical relay network. We discuss the framework of the relay receiver and analyse two...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781617388767
This paper proposes a practical compress-and-forward cooperation scheme with vector coding at the relay node for a three-terminal classical relay network. We discuss the framework of the relay receiver and analyse two practical vector coding algorithms for the cooperation, nearest neighbour quantization and lattice vector quantization. The error rate performance of the compress-and-forward cooperation and some other protocols under different SNRs is investigated. The impact of the quantization rate at the relay node is also characterised. It is shown that for a quantization rate larger than 2 bits/sample, the vector coding whether employing nearest neighbour quantization or lattice vector quantization, outerforms both the decode-and-forward protocol and scalar coding.
Predicting B-cell epitope is aiming the design of molecules that can mimic the structure and function of a genuine epitope and replace it in antibody diagnostics and therapeutics, as well as the design of the potentia...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781728118680
Predicting B-cell epitope is aiming the design of molecules that can mimic the structure and function of a genuine epitope and replace it in antibody diagnostics and therapeutics, as well as the design of the potentially safer vaccine. It is an essential step for immune therapy. Conformational B-cell epitope prediction based on antigen sequence is still a challenge for researchers. In this work, we construct a deep ensemble architecture for B-cell epitope prediction based on antigen sequences. We adopted one hot vector coding and physico-chemical properties schemes for encoding protein sequence fragments, and constructed seven independent convolutional neural network, then the weighted average method was used to integrate the seven networks. The proposed method is evaluated on the testing datasets of BepiPred 2.0. The experimental results show that the method achieves an AUC of 0.771, a sensitivity of 0.711, and a MCC of 0.222. In addition, we also evaluate the performance of our method on 13 independent testing cases and the results are superior to the existing methods. The comparisons show that our method is capable of predicting conformational B-cell epitopes based on a deep ensemble framework and antigen sequences in an acceptable level of AUC. The codes along with instructions to reproduce this work are available from https://***/yangycoding/DeepBcellPre.
The aim of this study was to compare the coordination patterns of the lower extremity joints in older and younger females during *** results of this study show that the older runners have maintained similar movement a...
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The aim of this study was to compare the coordination patterns of the lower extremity joints in older and younger females during *** results of this study show that the older runners have maintained similar movement and coordination patterns to younger runners as a result of years of running *** results in this study could provide researchers and clinicians the information necessary to develop shoe wear and orthotic devices to reduce the risk of injury in specific populations.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) downregulate gene expression by binding to the partially complementary sites in the 3 ′ untranslated region (UTR) of target mRNAs. Several methods, such as Northern blot analysis, quantitative real...
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