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Joint coordination when running in minimalist, neutral, and ultra-cushioning shoes

JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES 2020年第8期38卷 855-862页

作者： Borgia, Brianne Silvernail, Julia Becker, James Univ Nevada Dept Kinesiol & Nutr Sci Las Vegas NV 89154 USA Montana State Univ Dept Hlth & Human Dev 121 Hoseaus Fitness Complex Bozeman MT 59717 USA

Ultra-cushioning (ULTRA) shoes are new to the running shoe market. Several studies have evaluated kinematics and kinetics while running in ULTRA shoes, however it remains unknown how such shoes influence joint coordination. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate lower extremity coordination and coordination variability when running in minimalist (MIN), traditional (NEUT) and ULTRA shoes. Fifteen runners ran for ten minutes in each shoe type. Coordination patterns and coordination variability were assessed for rearfoot-tibia, rearfoot-knee, and tibia-knee couplings using a modified vector coding method during early, mid, and late stance periods. During late stance ULTRA shoes resulted in more antiphase coordination than MIN (p =.036) or NEUT (p =.047) shoes and less in-phase coordination than MIN (p =.048) or NEUT (p =.013) shoes. During late stance there was also more proximal phase rearfoot-knee coordination in ULTRA shoes than in either MIN (p =.039) or NEUT (p =.005) shoes and less in-phase coordination in ULTRA shoes than in NEUT shoes (p =.006). There were no differences in coordination variability between shoes during any phase. The differences in coordination may have implications for tissue loading and injury development when running in ULTRA shoes..

关键词： Running coordination vector coding footwear minimalist ultra-cushioning

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Coordination and variability during anticipated and unanticipated sidestepping

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GAIT & POSTURE 2019年 67卷 1-8页

作者： Weir, Gillian van Emmerik, Richard Jewell, Carl Hamill, Joseph Univ Massachusetts Amherst Biomech Lab Amherst MA USA Univ Massachusetts Amherst Motor Control Lab Amherst MA USA

Background: Numerous investigations have attempted to link the incidence and risk of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injuries to specific intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. However, these are often measured in isolation. Research question: This study utilizes a dynamical systems approach to investigate differences in coordination and coordination variability between segments and joints in anticipated and unanticipated sidestepping, a task linked to a high risk of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injuries. Methods: Full body, three-dimensional kinematics and knee kinetic data were collected on 22 male collegiate soccer players during anticipated and unanticipated sidestepping tasks. A modified vector coding technique was used to quantify coordination and coordination variability of the trunk and pelvis segments and the hip and knee joints. Results: Sagittal and frontal plane trunk-pelvis coordination were more in-phase during unanticipated sidestepping. Sagittal plane hip-knee and hip (rotation)-knee (flexion/extension) coordination were more in-phase with the knee dominating the movement during unanticipated sidestepping (P < 0.05). Coordination variability was greater in unanticipated sidestepping for trunk (flexion)-pelvis (tilt), trunk (lateral flexion)-pelvis (obliquity), hip (flexion/extension)-knee (flexion/extension) and hip (rotation)-knee (flexion/extension) (P < 0.05). In unanticipated sidestepping where there is limited time to pre-plan the movement, multiple kinematic solutions and high coordinative variability is required to achieve the task. Significance: Our results suggest that coordination becomes more in-phase and the variability of this coordination increases as a function of task complexity and reduced planning time as that which occurs in unanticipated sporting task scenarios. Consequently, injury prevention programs must incorporate perceptual components in order to optimise planning time and coordinate appropriate postural adjust

关键词： Dynamical systems Anterior cruciate ligament vector coding Trunk Knee

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Lower extremity kinematic coupling during single and double leg landing and gait in female junior athletes with dynamic knee valgus

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BMC SPORTS SCIENCE MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION 2021年第1期13卷 1页

作者： Dadfar, Mahdis Sheikhhoseini, Rahman Jafarian, Mohadeseh Esmaeili, Alireza Allameh Tabatabai Univ Fac Phys Educa & Sport Sci Dept Correct Exercise & Sport Injury Western Azadi Sport Complex Blvd Tehran Iran Sharif Univ Technol Fac Elect Engn Dept Elect Engn Tehran Iran Victoria Univ Inst Hlth & Sport iHeS Melbourne Vic Australia Australian Football League AFL Melbourne Vic Australia

Background Dynamic knee valgus (DKV) is a common lower extremity movement disorder among females. This study aimed to investigate kinematic couplings between lower extremity joints in female junior athletes with DKV during single and double-leg landing and gait. Methods Twenty-six physically active female junior athletes (10-14 years old) with DKV were recruited. Kinematic couplings between rearfoot, tibia, knee, and hip were extracted using eight Vicon motion capture cameras and two force plates. Zero-lag cross-correlation coefficient and vector coding were used to calculate kinematic couplings between joints during physical tasks. Paired t-test and Wilcoxon tests were run to find significant couplings between joint motions and coupling strengths. Bonferroni posthoc was used to determine significance with alpha <= 0.05. Results The results showed that the strongest kinematic relationship existed between rearfoot eversion/inversion and tibial internal/external rotation during all three tasks. Correlations of the rearfoot supination/pronation with tibial rotations, knee, and hip motions in sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes were very strong to strong during double-leg landing and moderate to weak during gait. A weak correlation was observed between rearfoot supination/pronation and hip adduction/abduction during single-leg landing. Conclusions Coupling relationships between rearfoot, knee, and hip vary by the task intensity and alignment profiles in female juniors with DKV.

关键词： Knee joint Kinetic chain Cross-correlation vector coding Biomechanics

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Intra-task variability of trunk coordination during a rate-controlled bipedal dance jump

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JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES 2012年第2期30卷 139-147页

作者： Smith, Jo Armour Siemienski, Adam Popovich, John M., Jr. Kulig, Kornelia Univ So Calif Div Biokinesiol & Phys Therapy Los Angeles CA 90089 USA Univ Sch Phys Educ Dept Biomech Wroclaw Poland

In this study, we investigated trunk coordination during rate-controlled bipedal vertical dance jumps. The aims of the study were to investigate the pattern of coordination and the magnitude of coordination variability within jump phases and relative to phase-defining events during the jump. Lumbar and thoracic kinematics were collected from seven dancers during a series of jumps at 95 beats per minute. The vector coding technique was used to quantify the pattern and variability of trunk coordination. Coordination was predominantly anti-phase during propulsion and landing. Mean coordination variability peaked just before the landing phase and at the transition from landing to propulsion phases, and was lowest during the propulsion phase just before toe-off. The results indicate that peaks in variability could be explained by task and phase-specific biomechanical demands.

关键词： Trunk coordination vector coding jumping

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Young adults with recurrent low back pain demonstrate altered trunk coordination during gait independent of pain status and attentional demands

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EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH 2021年第6期239卷 1937-1949页

作者： Shih, Hai-Jung Steffi Winstein, Carolee J. Kulig, Kornelia Univ Southern Calif Div Biokinesiol & Phys Therapy 1540 E Alcazar StCHP 155 Los Angeles CA 90033 USA

Pain influences both attention and motor behavior. We used a dual-task interference paradigm to investigate (1) alterations in attentional performance, (2) the ability to switch task prioritization, and (3) the effect of attentional demand on trunk coordination during narrow-based walking in and out of a painful episode in individuals with recurrent low back pain (LBP). We tested twenty young adults with LBP both in and out of a painful episode and compared them to twenty matched back-healthy individuals. Participants simultaneously performed a narrow step width matching task and an arithmetic task, with and without instructions to prioritize either task. A motion capture system was used to record kinematic data, and frontal plane trunk coordination was analyzed using vector coding on the thorax and pelvis angles. Single-task performance, dual-task effect, dual-task performance variability, task prioritization switch, and trunk coordination were analyzed using paired t tests or repeated measures two-way ANOVAs. Results indicated that active pain has a detrimental effect on attentional processes, indicated by poorer single-task performance and increased dual-task performance variability for individuals with recurrent LBP. Individuals with LBP, regardless of pain status, were able to switch task prioritization to a similar degree as their back-healthy counterparts. Compared to the control group, individuals with recurrent LBP exhibited a less in-phase, more pelvis-dominated trunk coordination during narrow-based walking, independent of pain status and regardless of attentional manipulations. Thus, altered trunk coordination in persons with LBP appears to be habitual, automatic, and persists beyond symptom duration.

关键词： Dual-task vector coding Walking Step width Low back pain Trunk control

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Differences in the coordination and its variability among foot joints during running in neutral foot and flatfoot

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SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS 2023年第3期33卷 235-245页

作者： Takabayashi, Tomoya Edama, Mutsuaki Inai, Takuma Kubo, Masayoshi Niigata Univ Hlth & Welf Inst Human Movement & Med Sci Niigata Japan Univ Tokyo Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol Exercise Motivat & Phys Funct Augmentat Res Team Chiba Japan

Flatfoot is a well-known foot deformity, with a prevalence of 11.2%-29.0% among adults. Running injuries can occur in individuals with flatfoot;however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. We investigated the coordination pattern and variability among foot joints while running by comparing participants with neutral foot and with flatfoot. Participants with neutral foot (n = 15) and flatfoot (n = 15) were asked to run at their preferred speed. Using the modified vector coding technique, the coupling angle between the foot joints, representing interjoint coordination, was calculated and categorized into four coordination patterns. The standard deviation of the coupling angle was computed to measure the coordination variability during the stance phase. There were no differences in the spatiotemporal parameters (speed, step length, and cadence) between the groups. In the sagittal rearfoot and sagittal midfoot coordination patterns, the flatfoot group showed a significantly greater proportion of anti-phase with proximal dominancy and a lower proportion of in-phase with proximal dominancy than the neutral foot group during early stance. Coordination variabilities between the sagittal rearfoot and sagittal midfoot (midstance), between the sagittal midfoot and sagittal forefoot (early stance), and between the frontal rearfoot and sagittal midfoot (midstance) were greater in the flatfoot group than in the neutral foot group. This may explain why those with flatfoot are likely to experience running injuries.

关键词： coordination pattern coordination variability flatfoot foot joint vector coding

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Influence of rest interval on foot-tibia coordination with chronic ankle instability during the Star Excursion Balance Test

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HUMAN MOVEMENT SCIENCE 2018年 58卷 239-247页

作者： Kwon, Yong Ung Arnold, Brent L. Powell, Douglas W. Williams, D. S. Blaise, III Youngstown State Univ Dept Kinesiol & Sport Sci 307G Beeghly Ctr Youngstown OH 44555 USA Virginia Commonwealth Univ Dept Phys Therapy Richmond VA USA Indiana Univ Purdue Univ Dept Hlth Sci Indianapolis IN 46202 USA Univ Memphis Sch Hlth Studies Memphis TN 38152 USA

The purpose of this study was to determine whether different rest intervals affect performance on the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) associated with chronic ankle instability (CAI) and whether foot-tibia coordination can be associated factors that may help discriminate between individuals with and without CAI during the SEBT. Participants included forty-eight individuals with (n = 24) and without CAI (n = 24). Subjects completed 3 trials in each of the 3 reach directions (anteromedial, medial, posteromedial) in random order. A total of three visits were required to complete the 3 rest interval conditions (10, 20, 40 s). Coupling angles (CA) of tibial internal rotation/dorsiflexion (TIR/DF) and tibial internal rotation/eversion (TIR/EV) were calculated and compared between groups in each direction for each rest interval. Individuals with CAI showed greater CAs of TIR/DF in the M direction (p = 0.01) and of TIR/ EV in the P direction (p = 0.04) than healthy individuals in 20 s rest interval time. Overall, joint CM were different between healthy individuals and those with CAI during the SEBT regardless of rest interval. Based on these results, rest interval and a natural result of CAI could alter ankle joint coordination in comparison of healthy individuals when performing the SEBT.

关键词： vector coding Coupling angle The Star Excursion Balance Test Kinematics

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GAIT & POSTURE 2018年 62卷 92-98页

作者： Hafer, Jocelyn F. Boyer, Katherine A. Univ Massachusetts Dept Kinesiol Musculoskeletal & Orthoped Biomech Lab Amherst MA 01003 USA Cent Campus Recreat Bldg 401 Washtenaw Ave Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA

Background: Aging is associated with a loss of mobility and altered gait mechanics. Loss of function and mobility may be due to or exacerbated by low levels of physical activity in the aged. The mechanisms linking age-related changes in physiology, altered mobility and gait may be elucidated by examining movement coordination and coordination variability. Research question: The purpose of this study was to examine the impacts of age and habitual physical activity level on segment coordination and coordination variability during gait. Methods: A modified vector coding technique was used to calculate segment coordination and coordination variability during treadmill gait for three groups of healthy adults: young (21-35 years), older highly active (55-70 years), and older less active (55-70 years). Segment couples of interest included those whose coordination could contribute to typical age-related changes in gait mechanics at the hip, knee, and ankle. Results: Differences in coordination and its variability occurred mainly during terminal swing and midstance and in couples across the hip and ankle. Across the hip, coordination differed between older highly active adults and the other cohorts, while variability was higher in young compared to all older adults. Across the ankle, young adults displayed different coordination and greater variability than all older adults except for the sagittal couple in midstance, where older highly active adults had greater coordination variability than the other cohorts. Significance: These results suggest that older adults, independent of habitual physical activity, may use a different strategy to control hip and ankle motion during periods of single-limb stance.

关键词： vector coding Physical activity Older adults Motor control

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Stride length mediates the correlation between movement coordination and sprint velocity

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JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES 2023年第1期41卷 72-79页

作者： Wang, Liduan Wang, Wei Li, Shangxiao Zhang, Hongqian Weifang Med Univ Sch Rehabil Med Weifang Shandong Peoples R China Weifang Med Univ Sch Basic Med Sci Weifang Shandong Peoples R China China Inst Sport Sci Sports Psychol & Biomech Res Ctr Beijing Peoples R China Peoples Hosp Xingyi City Dept Rehabil Med Xingyi Guizhou Peoples R China

In this study, we aimed to explore the correlation between movement coordination and sprint velocity and the mediating effects of stride length and frequency on this correlation. Thirty-two male college students (16 athletes and 16 non-athletes) participated in this study. Movement coordination was calculated using a vector coding method for intralimb (hip - knee, knee - ankle) and interlimb (hip - hip, knee - knee, ankle - ankle). There was a significant effect of group on hip - knee, hip - hip and ankle - ankle coupling angle during braking phase and knee - knee coupling angle during the propulsive phase. In all participants, the hip - hip coupling angle during the braking phase was positively correlated with sprint velocity, and the ankle - ankle coupling angle during the braking phase was negatively correlated with sprint velocity. Stride length mediated the relationship between hip - hip coupling angle and sprint velocity. In conclusion, the anti-phase of the hip - hip coupling angle and the swing phase of the ankle - ankle coupling angle may contribute to sprint velocity. Moreover, the correlation between hip - hip coupling angle and sprint velocity was related to stride length rather than stride frequency.

关键词： vector coding coupling angle mediating analysis sprint running stride frequency

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Genetic modification of neurons to express bevacizumab for local anti-angiogenesis treatment of glioblastoma

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CANCER GENE THERAPY 2015年第1期22卷 1-8页

作者： Hicks, M. J. Funato, K. Wang, L. Aronowitz, E. Dyke, J. P. Ballon, D. J. Havlicek, D. F. Frenk, E. Z. De, B. P. Chiuchiolo, M. J. Sondhi, D. Hackett, N. R. Kaminsky, S. M. Tabar, V. Crystal, R. G. Weill Cornell Med Coll Dept Med Genet New York NY 10065 USA Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr Dept Neurosurg New York NY 10021 USA Weill Cornell Med Coll Dept Radiol New York NY 10065 USA

The median survival of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is approximately 1 year. Following surgical removal, systemic therapies are limited by the blood-brain barrier. To circumvent this, we developed a method to modify neurons with the genetic sequence for therapeutic monoclonal antibodies using adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene transfer vectors, directing persistent, local expression in the tumor milieu. The human U87MG GBM cell line or patient-derived early passage GBM cells were administered to the striatum of NOD/SCID immunodeficient mice. AAVrh.10BevMab, an AAVrh.10-based vector coding for bevacizumab (Avastin), an anti-human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) monoclonal antibody, was delivered to the area of the GBM xenograft. Localized expression of bevacizumab was demonstrated by quantitative PCR, ELISA and western blotting. Immunohistochemistry showed that bevacizumab was expressed in neurons. Concurrent administration of AAVrh. 10BevMab with the U87MG tumor reduced tumor blood vessel density and tumor volume, and increased survival. Administration of AAVrh.10BevMab 1 week after U87MG xenograft reduced growth and increased survival. Studies with patient-derived early passage GBM primary cells showed a reduction in primary tumor burden with an increased survival. These data support the strategy of AAV-mediated central nervous system gene therapy to treat GBM, overcoming the blood-brain barrier through local, persistent delivery of an anti-angiogenesis monoclonal antibody.

关键词： vector coding Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A Genetic Engineering genetic modification Lipoblastoma Monoclonal Antibodies Bevacizumab Glomerular Basement Membrane Vascular Tissue Neoplasms Tumor Burden Tumor Volume Neurons

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