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Intra-trunk and arm coordination displayed by Olympic rowing athletes

SPORTS BIOMECHANICS 2024年第5期23卷 655-669页

作者： Li, Yumeng Koldenhoven, Rachel M. Jiwan, Nigel C. Zhan, Jieyun Liu, Ting Texas State Univ Dept Hlth & Human Performance San Marcos TX 78666 USA

The purpose was to assess the intra-trunk and arm coordination of Olympic athletes during rowing on an ergometer. Rowing was performed at three stroke rates (18, 26, and 32 strokes/min). The sagittal plane motions of trunk segments and upper arm were collected for 59 Olympic athletes (32 females and 27 males) from the Chinese National Rowing Team. The coupling angles between the three pairs of segments (lumbar-pelvis, thorax-lumbar, upper arm-thorax) were generated using a vector coding method. The coupling angles were classified: in-phase, anti-phase, superior-phase, and inferior-phase. Three-way, mixed-model ANOVA were used to test the time spent in each coordination pattern. The trunk segments and upper arms demonstrated an in-phase coordination pattern for most of the time. During the drive phase, the time spent in in-phase was increased at higher stroke rates. Athletes are encouraged to use this in-phase pattern, especially between the pelvis and lumbar spine during training with high demands of stroke repetitions or time. During the recovery phase, the trunk segments were rotating mostly in-phase whereas the upper arm was flexing dominantly to maintain stroke length at higher stroke rates. Female and male rowers exhibited similar intra-trunk coordination patterns except for the upper arm-thorax pair.

关键词： Rowers intra-segmental coordination kinematics nonlinear analysis vector coding

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Lentiviral gene transfer to the nonhuman primate brain

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EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY 1999年第1期160卷 1-16页

作者： Kordower, JH Bloch, J Ma, SY Chu, YP Palfi, S Roitberg, BZ Emborg, M Hantraye, P Déglon, N Aebischer, P Rush Presbyterian St Lukes Med Ctr Dept Neurol Sci Chicago IL 60612 USA Rush Presbyterian St Lukes Med Ctr Res Ctr Brain Repair Chicago IL 60612 USA Univ Illinois Med Ctr Dept Neurosurg Chicago IL 60612 USA CEA Serv Hosp Frederic Joliot CNRS URA 2210DSVDRM F-91406 Orsay France Univ Lausanne Sch Med Div Surg Res CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland Univ Lausanne Sch Med Gene Therapy Ctr CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland

Lentiviral vectors infect quiescent cells and allow for the delivery of genes to discrete brain regions. The present study assessed whether stable lentiviral gene transduction can be achieved in the monkey nigrostriatal system. Three young adult Rhesus monkeys received injections of a lentiviral vector encoding for the marker gene beta galatosidase (beta Gal). On one side of the brain, each monkey received multiple lentivirus injections into the caudate and putamen. On the opposite side, each animal received a single injection aimed at the substantia nigra. The first two monkeys were sacrificed 1 month postinjection, while the third monkey was sacrificed 3 months postinjection. Robust incorporation of the beta Gal gene was seen in the striatum of all three monkeys. Stereological counts revealed that 930,218;1,192,359;and 1,501,217 cells in the striatum were beta Gal positive in monkeys 1 (n = 2) and 3 (n = 1) months later, respectively. Only the third monkey had an injection placed directly into the substantia nigra and 187,308 beta Gal-positive cells were identified in this animal. The injections induced only mirror perivascular cuffing and there was no apparent inflammatory response resulting from the lentivirus injections. Double label experiments revealed that between 80 and 87% of the beta Gal-positive cells were neurons. These data indicate that robust transduction of striatal and nigral cells can occur in the nonhuman primate brain for up to 3 months. Studies are now ongoing testing the ability of lentivirus encoding for dopaminergic trophic factors to augment the nigrostriatal system in nonhuman primate models of Parkinson's disease. (C) 1999 Academic Press.

关键词： Brain Genetic vectors Lentivirus Macaca mulatta Phosphoglycerate Kinase 脑遗传载体慢病毒属猕猴 Lentivirus Macaca mulatta Corpus Striatum Cerebrum Primates (Nonhuman) vector coding Phosphoglycerate Kinase Genetic vectors simians Parkinson Disease Lentivirinae Substantia Nigra

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Long-term Safety and Efficacy Following Systemic Administration of a Self-complementary AAV vector Encoding Human FIX Pseudotyped With Serotype 5 and 8 Capsid Proteins

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MOLECULAR THERAPY 2011年第5期19卷 876-885页

作者： Nathwani, Amit C. Rosales, Cecilia McIntosh, Jenny Rastegarlari, Ghasem Nathwani, Devhrut Raj, Deepak Nawathe, Sushmita Waddington, Simon N. Bronson, Roderick Jackson, Scott Donahue, Robert E. High, Katherine A. Mingozzi, Federico Ng, Catherine Y. C. Zhou, Junfang Spence, Yunyu McCarville, M. Beth Valentine, Marc Allay, James Coleman, John Sleep, Susan Gray, John T. Nienhuis, Arthur W. Davidoff, Andrew M. UCL UCL Canc Inst Dept Hematol London WC1E 6BT England NHS Blood & Transplant London England UCL Inst Womens Hlth London WC1E 6BT England Dana Farber Harvard Canc Ctr Boston MA USA Univ Tennessee Hlth Sci Ctr Dept Comparat Med Memphis TN USA NHLBI Hematol Branch Washington DC USA Childrens Hosp Philadelphia Ctr Cellular & Mol Therapeut Philadelphia PA 19104 USA Childrens Hosp Philadelphia Howard Hughes Med Inst Philadelphia PA 19104 USA St Jude Childrens Res Hosp Dept Surg Memphis TN 38105 USA St Jude Childrens Res Hosp Dept Radiol Sci Memphis TN 38105 USA St Jude Childrens Res Hosp Dept Genet & Tumor Cell Biol Memphis TN 38105 USA St Jude Childrens Res Hosp Childrens GMP Memphis TN 38105 USA St Jude Childrens Res Hosp Div Expt Hematol Memphis TN 38105 USA

Adeno-associated virus vectors (AAV) show promise for liver-targeted gene therapy. In this study, we examined the long-term consequences of a single intravenous administration of a self-complementary AAV vector (scAAV2/8-LP1-hFIXco) encoding a codon optimized human factor IX (hFIX) gene in 24 nonhuman primates (NHPs). A dose-response relationship between vector titer and transgene expression was observed. Peak hFIX expression following the highest dose of vector (2 x 10(12) pcr-vector genomes (vg)/kg) was 21 +/- 3 mu g/ml (similar to 420% of normal). Fluorescent in-situ hybridization demonstrated scAAV provirus in almost 100% of hepatocytes at that dose. No perturbations of clinical or laboratory parameters were noted and vector genomes were cleared from bodily fluids by 10 days. Macaques transduced with 2 x 10(11) pcr-vg/kg were followed for the longest period (similar to 5 years), during which time expression of hFIX remained > 10% of normal level, despite a gradual decline in transgene copy number and the proportion of transduced hepatocytes. All macaques developed serotype-specific antibodies but no capsid-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes were detected. The liver was preferentially transduced with 300-fold more proviral copies than extrahepatic tissues. Long-term biochemical, ultrasound imaging, and histologic follow-up of this large cohort of NHP revealed no toxicity. These data support further evaluation of this vector in hemophilia B patients.

关键词： vector coding Hepatocytes Administration, Intravenous Cloning vectors Codons Capsid Proteins Hemophilia B LMP2a-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes Macaca

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Influence of neutral and stability athletic footwear on lower extremity coordination variability during a prolonged treadmill run in male rearfoot runners

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EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE 2020年第6期20卷 776-782页

作者： Weir, Gillian Wyatt, Hannah Van Emmerik, Richard Trudeau, Matthieu B. Willwacher, Steffen Brueggemann, Gert-Peter Hamill, Joseph Univ Massachusetts Biomech Lab 23A Totman Bldg30 Eastman Lane Amherst MA 01060 USA Univ Massachusetts Motor Control Lab Amherst MA 01003 USA Brooks Sports Inc Seattle WA USA German Sport Univ Cologne Inst Biomech & Orthopaed Cologne Germany

The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in coordination variability (CV) over the course of a prolonged treadmill run and the influence of stability and neutral footwear on CV. Fourteen male habitually rearfoot runners completed two 42?min prolonged running sessions while three-dimensional kinematics and kinetics were recorded. During the first 21?min, participants ran in a neutral shoe (baseline run), then changed into either another neutral shoe of the same construction but another colour or a stability shoe and ran a further 21?min (intervention run). A modified vector coding technique was used to compute thigh-leg, leg-rearfoot and rearfoot-forefoot segment CV. Following the baseline run, thigh flexion/extension-leg flexion/extension, rearfoot inversion/eversion-forefoot plantar flexion/dorsiflexion and rearfoot inversion/eversion-forefoot adduction/abduction CV increased (p?

关键词： Running vector coding shoes kinematics

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Trunk, pelvis and lower limb coordination between anticipated and unanticipated sidestep cutting in females

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GAIT & POSTURE 2021年 85卷 131-137页

作者： Dutaillis, Benjamin Opar, David A. Pataky, Todd Timmins, Ryan G. Hickey, Jack T. Maniar, Nirav Australian Catholic Univ Sch Behav & Hlth Sci Melbourne Vic Australia Australian Catholic Univ Sports Performance Recovery Injury & New Technol Fitzroy Vic Australia Kyoto Univ Dept Human Hlth Sci Grad Sch Med Kyoto Japan

Background: Emerging research has suggested a plausible relationship may exist between lower limb coordination and musculoskeletal injury. A small number of studies have investigated the link between coordination and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury during sidestep cutting. While prior work has shown unanticipated sidestep cutting to exhibit a more ?at risk? kinematic profile compared to anticipated tasks, a detailed understanding of the coordination between multiple joints and how they differ during unanticipated actions is lacking, particularly in females. Research question: The purpose of this study was to observe the difference in trunk, pelvis and lower limb coordination and coordination variability during a dynamic, sidestep cutting task under anticipated and unanticipated conditions in a healthy female cohort. Methods: Three-dimensional motion analysis data were recorded during anticipated and unanticipated sidestep cutting for nineteen healthy female participants (age, 24 ? 3yrs;height, 164 ? 5 cm;and weight, 58 ? 6 kg). vector coding methodology was used to calculate coordination and coordination variability values and statistical parametric and non-parametric mapping was used to comprehensively determine differences between anticipated and unanticipated conditions. Results: Differences were observed between anticipated and unanticipated conditions in the hip flexion ? knee abduction angle (89 % of stance), hip rotation ? knee abduction angle (55 % of stance), knee flexion ? knee abduction angle (81?83 %, 86 % and 88?89 %) and knee flexion ? ankle flexion angle (14?18 %) coupling angles. Differences in coupling angle variability were also observed with only one cluster of significance seen in hip abduction ? knee abduction variability (27?30 % of stance). Significance: Healthy females exhibit significant differences in lower limb coupling angles and coupling angle variability between anticipated and unanticipated sidestep cutting. Interventions aimed

关键词： Anterior cruciate ligament Coordination vector coding Statistical parametric mapping

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Lower limb kinematic variability in dancers performing drop landings onto floor surfaces with varied mechanical properties

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HUMAN MOVEMENT SCIENCE 2013年第4期32卷 866-874页

作者： Reeve, Helen K. Hopper, Luke S. Elliott, Bruce C. Ackland, Timothy R. Trinity Laban Conservatoire Mus & Dance London England Univ Notre Dame Australia Sch Hlth Sci Fremantle WA 6959 Australia Univ Western Australia Sch Sport Sci Exercise & Hlth Crawley WA Australia

Elite dancers perform highly skilled and consistent movements. These movements require effective regulation of the intrinsic and extrinsic forces acting within and on the body. Customized, compliant floors typically used in dance are assumed to enhance dance performance and reduce injury risk by dampening ground reaction forces during tasks such as landings. As floor compliance can affect the extrinsic forces applied to the body, secondary effects of floor properties may be observed in the movement consistency or kinematic variability exhibited during dance performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of floor mechanical properties on lower extremity kinematic variability in dancers performing landing tasks. A vector coding technique was used to analyze sagittal plane knee and ankle joint kinematic variability, in a cohort of 12 pre-professional dancers, through discrete phases of drop landings from a height of 0.2 m. No effect on kinematic variability was observed between floors, indicating that dancers could accommodate the changing extrinsic floor conditions. Future research may consider repeat analysis under more dynamic task constraints with a less experienced cohort. However, knee/ankle joint kinematic variability was observed to increase late in the landing phase which was predominantly comprised of knee flexion coupled with the terminal range of ankle dorsiflexion. These findings may be the result of greater neural input late in the landing phase as opposed to the suggested passive mechanical interaction of the foot and ankle complex at initial contact with a floor. Analysis of joint coordination in discrete movement phases may be of benefit in identifying intrinsic sources of variability in dynamic tasks that involve multiple movement phases. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Sports surfaces Dance Kinematic variability vector coding

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Lower extremity joint coupling variability during gait in young adults with and without chronic ankle instability

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SPORTS BIOMECHANICS 2018年第2期17卷 261-272页

作者： Lilley, Thomas Herb, Christopher C. Hart, Joseph Hertel, Jay Univ Virginia Curry Sch Educ Dept Kinesiol Charlottesville VA 22903 USA Weber State Univ Moyes Coll Educ Dept Athlet Training & Nutr Ogden UT 84408 USA

Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is a condition resulting from a lateral ankle sprain. Shank-rearfoot joint-coupling variability differences have been found in CAI patients;however, joint-coupling variability (VCV) of the ankle and proximal joints has not been explored. Our purpose was to analyse VCV in adults with and without CAI during gait. Four joint-coupling pairs were analysed: knee sagittal-ankle sagittal, knee sagittal-ankle frontal, hip frontal-ankle sagittal and hip frontal-ankle frontal. Twenty-seven adults participated (CAI:n=13, Control:n=14). Lower extremity kinematics were collected during walking (4.83km/h) and jogging (9.66km/h). vector-coding was used to assess the stride-to-stride variability of four coupling pairs. During walking, CAI patients exhibited higher VCV than healthy controls for knee sagittal-ankle frontal in latter parts of stance thru mid-swing. When jogging, CAI patients demonstrated lower VCV with specific differences occurring across various intervals of gait. The increased knee sagittal-ankle frontal VCV in CAI patients during walking may indicate an adaptation to deal with the previously identified decrease in variability in transverse plane shank and frontal plane rearfoot coupling during walking;while the decreased ankle-knee and ankle-hip VCV identified in CAI patients during jogging may represent a more rigid, less adaptable sensorimotor system ambulating at a faster speed.

关键词： Variability dynamical systems vector coding knee hip

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Chronic ankle instability patients exhibit higher variability in lower extremity joint-coupling variability during drop vertical jumps

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JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS 2020年第0期99卷 109479-000页

作者： Herb, C. C. Blemker, S. Saliba, S. Hart, J. Hertel, J. Northern Kentucky Univ Sch Kinesiol Counseling & Rehabil Sci Highland Hts KY 41076 USA Univ Virginia Sch Engn & Appl Sci Charlottesville VA USA Univ Virginia Curry Sch Educ & Human Dev Charlottesville VA USA

Chronic ankle instability (CAI) has been associated with biomechanical alterations during landing tasks. While joint coupling differences have been reported during gait in patients with CAI, there is no known research assessing joint coupling during a drop-vertical jumping (DVJ). Joint coupling variability measure may provide information on the sensorimotor health of these patients. The purpose of this study was to compare lower extremity joint coupling variability during a DVJ between patients with CAI and controls. Twenty-eight young, active individuals (CAI:n = 14, Control:n = 14) participated in the study. A 3D motion capture system was used to collect kinematics during 15 drop-vertical jump trials. A vector coding analysis was used to assess the variability in the following joint couples: knee sagittal-ankle frontal, knee sagittal-ankle sagittal, hip frontal-ankle frontal, and hip frontal-ankle sagittal. The CAI group had higher joint coupling variability in hip frontal-ankle sagittal, knee sagittal-ankle frontal and knee sagittal-ankle sagittal planes both prior to and following ground contact during the drop vertical jumps. These changes indicate potential adaptations to the constraint of CAI and the task of the DVJ. Higher variability may reflect an attempt by the subjects to explore alternate movement strategies or reflect poor sensorimotor control strategies. Clinicians should consider the challenges of DVJ during rehabilitation as they create a unique task constraint. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Dynamic systems Lateral ankle sprain vector coding Kinematics

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Quantifying rearfoot-forefoot coordination in human walking

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JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS 2008年第14期41卷 3101-3105页

作者： Chang, Ryan Van Emmerik, Richard Hamill, Joseph Univ Massachusetts Dept Kinesiol Biomech Lab Amherst MA 01003 USA Univ Massachusetts Dept Kinesiol Motor Control Lab Amherst MA 01003 USA

A method is proposed to facilitate the quantification and interpretation of inter-joint/-segment coordination. This technique is illustrated using rearfoot-forefoot kinematic data. We expand existing vector coding techniques and introduce a set of operational terms through which the coordinative patterns between the rearfoot segment and the forefoot segment are summarized: in-phase, anti-phase, rearfoot phase and forefoot phase. The literature on foot mechanics has characterized the stable foot at pushoff by a decreasing medial longitudinal arch angle in the sagittal plane, which is accompanied by forefoot pronation and concurrent rearfoot supination-in other words, anti-phase motion. Nine skin markers were placed on the rearfoot and forefoot segments according to a multi-segment foot model. Three healthy subjects performed standing calibration and walking trials (1.35 ms(-1)), while a three-dimensional motion capture system acquired their kinematics. Rearfoot-forefoot joint angles were derived and the arch angle was inferred from the sagittal plane. Coupling angles of rearfoot and forefoot segments were derived and categorized into one of the four coordination patterns. Arch kinematics were consistent with the literature;in stance, the arch angle reached peak dorsiflexion, and then decreased rapidly. However, anti-phase coordination was not the predominant pattern during mid- or late stance. These preliminary data suggest that the coordinative interactions between the rearfoot and the forefoot are more complicated than previously described. The technique offers a new perspective on coordination and may provide insight into deformations Of underlying tissues, such as the plantar fascia. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： vector coding Coordination Kinematics Phase angles Multi-segment foot

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Body coordination during sit-to-stand in blind and sighted female children

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JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS 2020年 104卷 109708-109708页

作者： Aylar, Mozhgan Faraji Dionisio, Valdeci Carlos Jafarnezhadgero, AmirAli Parikhani, Ali Zolfaghari Imam Reza Int Univ Fac Engn Elect Engn Dept Mashhad Razavi Khorasan Iran Univ Fed Uberlandia Fac Phys Educ & Physiotherapy Uberlandia MG Brazil Univ Mohaghegh Ardabili Fac Educ Sci & Psychol Ardabil MG Brazil UAST Fac Management Dept Business Adm Tehran Iran

Detecting coordination pattern and coordination variability help us to find how joints organize collaboratively to perform sit-to-stand (STS) under restricted visual input. This experiment aimed to compare the coordination of the trunk, hip, knee, and ankle and its variability between individuals with longand short-term restricted visual input during STS. Forty-five female children participated in this study, including fifteen congenitally blind (CB) children and 30 healthy children. The healthy children were divided randomly into two groups: one group in which the participants were instructed to keep their eyes open (EO) and another to keep their eyes closed (EC) for 20 min before the test. In the standing phase, CB children had a decreased ankle-knee vector angle on the nondominant (ND) side compared to that of healthy children. In the sagittal plane, a small coefficient-of-correspondences (CoC) was observed at seat-off (hip-trunk CoC on the dominant (D) side and ankle-hip CoC on the ND side) and in the preparation phase (ankle-hip CoC on the ND side and bilateral hip CoC). In the frontal plane (at the end: ankle-knee, in the standing phase: bilateral hip) a high CoC was observed (in the standing phase: knee-trunk CoC on the D side). The EC group had smaller CoCs at initiation event (knee-trunk and bilateral knee CoCs on both sides), the end event (ankle-knee and ankle-hip CoCs on the ND side), and in the standing phase (bilateral hip CoC) in the frontal plane than the other groups. The findings reveal that vector and CoC variables are altered because of long- and short-term restricted visual data and should be a focus in rehabilitation programs. (C) 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

关键词： Sit-to-stand Blind children Visuomotor processing Coordination vector coding

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