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Hip-ankle coordination during gait in individual's with chronic ankle instability

GAIT & POSTURE 2017年 53卷 193-200页

作者： Yen, Sheng-Che Chui, Kevin K. Corkery, Marie B. Allen, Elizabeth A. Cloonan, Caitlin M. Northeastern Univ Bouve Coll Hlth Sci Dept Phys Therapy Movement & Rehabil Sci 301 Robinson Hall360 Huntington Ave Boston MA 02115 USA Univ Pacific Coll Hlth Profess Sch Phys Therapy Stockton CA 95211 USA

Individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI) may have sensorimotor impairments that affect control at the hip in addition to the ankle. The purpose of this study was to compare hip-ankle coordination and coordination variability between individuals with CAI and healthy individuals during walking. Ten healthy subjects and 10 subjects with CAI were recruited to walk on a treadmill. Hip-ankle coordination was quantified using vector coding, and coordination variability was quantified using coefficient of correspondence. We found significant between-group differences in hip-ankle coordination in the frontal plane around loading response (Control: 165.9 +/- 18.4 degrees;CAI: 127.6 +/- 48.6 degrees, p = 0.04) and in the sagittal plane around the first half of mid stance (Control: 307.2 9.8;CAI: 291.8 +/- 11.4 degrees, p < 0.01), terminal stance (Control: 301.1 +/- 13 degrees;CAI: 313.4 +/- 10.9 degrees, p = 0.04), and pre-swing (Control: 243.9 +/- 35.2 degrees;CAI: 329.9 +/- 57.8 degrees, p <0.01). We also found significant between-group differences in hip-ankle coordination variability in the frontal plane around the second half of mid stance (Control: 0.54 +/- 0.06 degrees;CAI: 0.45 +/- 0.07 degrees, P < 0.01). CAI is associated with alteration of hip-ankle coordination and coordination variability in stance phase during walking. Gait training is important in CAI rehabilitation, and the training should address altered hip-ankle coordination to reduce the risk of recurrent injuries. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ankle Coordination Coupling Variability Gait vector coding

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Gene Transfer of Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Prevents Neurodegeneration Triggered by FXN Deficiency

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MOLECULAR THERAPY 2016年第5期24卷 877-889页

作者： Katsu-Jimenez, Yurika Loria, Frida Carlos Corona, Juan Diaz-Nido, Javier Univ Autonoma Madrid Ctr Biol Mol Severo Ochoa UAM CSIC Madrid Spain Univ Autonoma Madrid Dept Biol Mol Madrid Spain Inst Invest Sanitarias Hosp Puerta de Hierro Maja Madrid Spain Hosp Infantil Mexico Dr Federico Gomez Mexico City DF Mexico

Friedreich's ataxia is a predominantly neurodegenerative disease caused by recessive mutations that produce a deficiency of frataxin (FXN). Here, we have used a herpesviral amplicon vector carrying a gene encoding for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) to drive its overexpression in neuronal cells and test for its effect on FXN-deficient neurons both in culture and in the mouse cerebellum in vivo. Gene transfer of BDNF to primary cultures of mouse neurons prevents the apoptosis which is triggered by the knockdown of FXN gene expression. This neuroprotective effect of BDNF is also observed in vivo in a viral vector-based knockdown mouse cerebellar model. The injection of a lentiviral vector carrying a minigene encoding for a FXN-specific short hairpin ribonucleic acid (shRNA) into the mouse cerebellar cortex triggers a FXN deficit which is accompanied by significant apoptosis of granule neurons as well as loss of calbindin in Purkinje cells. These pathological changes are accompanied by a loss of motor coordination of mice as assayed by the rota-rod test. Coinjection of a herpesviral vector encoding for BDNF efficiently prevents both the development of cerebellar neuropathology and the ataxic phenotype. These data demonstrate the potential therapeutic usefulness of neurotrophins like BDNF to protect -FXN-deficient neurons from degeneration.

关键词： vector coding CNS - Brain - Cerebellum (MMHCC) Cerebellar Cortex Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Gene transfer Motor Coordination Neuronotrophic Factors Nerve Degeneration Transgenes in vivo gene transfer Neurons Calbindins

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Segment coupling and coordination variability analyses of the roundhouse kick in taekwondo relative to the initial stance position

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JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES 2016年第18期34卷 1766-1773页

作者： Estevan, Isaac Silvernail, Julia Freedman Jandacka, Daniel Falco, Coral Univ Valencia Dept Teaching Mus Plast & Corporal Express Avda Tarongers S-N Valencia 46022 Spain Univ Nevada Las Vegas Dept Kinesiol & Nutr Sci Las Vegas NV USA Univ Ostrava Human Motion Diagnost Ctr Ostrava Czech Republic Univ Bergen Dept Hlth Promot & Dev Bergen Norway

The initial stance position (ISP) has been observed as a factor affecting the execution technique during taekwondo kicks. In the present study, authors aimed to analyse a roundhouse kick to the chest by measuring movement coordination and the variability of coordination and comparing this across the different ISP (0 degrees, 45 degrees and 90 degrees). Eight experienced taekwondo athletes performed consecutive kicking trials in random order from every of the three relative positions. The execution was divided into three phases (stance, first swing and second swing phase). A motion capture system was used to measure athletes' angular displacement of pelvis and thigh. A modified vector coding technique was used to quantify the coordination of the segments which contributed to the overall movement. The variability of this coordination (CV) for each ISP was also calculated. Comparative analysis showed that during the stance phase in the transverse plane, athletes coordinated movement of the trunk and thigh with a higher frequency of in-phase and lower frequency of exclusive thigh rotation in the 0 degrees stance than the 90 degrees stance position (P<0.05). CV was also influenced by the different ISP. During the first swing and the majority of the second swing phase, predominant in-phase coordination of the pelvis and thigh was observed. Including exercises that require in-phase movement could not only help athletes to acquire coordination stability but also efficiency. The existence of a constraint such as ISP implies an increase of the variability when the athletes have to kick from ISP they are not used to adopt (i.e., 0 degrees and 90 degrees ISP) as an evidence of adaptability in the athletes' execution technique.

关键词： Martial arts biomechanics vector coding variability

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Altering the visuomotor gain - Evidence that motor plans deal with vector quantities

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EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH 2002年第3期147卷 280-295页

作者： Vindras, P Viviani, P Univ Geneva Fac Psychol & Educ Sci CH-1205 Geneva Switzerland UHSR Univ Fac Psychol Milan Italy

Two experiments investigated the effects of providing nonveridical knowledge of the results (KR) in a visuomanual task in which participants pointed to briefly (200 ms) presented targets without seeing their hand. By showing after each trial the movement endpoint displaced radially with respect to its true position, we were able to alter progressively the gain of the visuomanual loop. In experiment 1, the KR was provided only for transversal movements and for one target distance, but the effect generalized to all directions and all distances. Moreover, it also generalized to the other hand that had never been biased. In experiment 2, nonveridical KR was supplied for movements along the two major diagonals which require sharply different muscle synergies. The transfer to other directions and to the other hand was equally substantial. It is argued that the results support the vector coding hypothesis, which holds that the input to the motor execution stage is supplied by specifying independently the amplitude and the direction of the vector from the initial to the final position in an extrinsic frame of reference. We also discuss the possible brain structures involved in the biasing action of the KR.

关键词： reaching movements vector coding visuomotor transformation amplitude control generalization human

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Effects of rehabilitation on joint-coupling in patients with chronic ankle instability

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SPORTS BIOMECHANICS 2022年第4期21卷 472-486页

作者： Herb, Collin Donovan, Luke Feger, Mark Blemker, Silvia Hart, Joe Saliba, Susan Hertel, Jay Northern Kentucky Univ Sch Kinesiol Counseling & Rehabil Sci Highland Hts KY 41099 USA Univ North Carolina Charlotte Dept Kinesiol Charlotte NC USA Virginia Commonwealth Univ Sch Med Richmond VA USA Univ Virginia Dept Biomed Engn Charlottesville VA USA Univ Virginia Dept Kinesiol Charlottesville VA USA

Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is associated with kinematic changes in the lower extremity. Alterations in joint-coupling have been identified during gait in patients with CAI. Rehabilitation remains the gold-standard for clinical treatment of CAI but little is known on the effects of rehabilitation on joint-coupling variability. Wearable destabilisation devices have shown an increase in muscle activity during functional tasks and may be useful in rehabilitation. The purpose of this study is to analyse the joint-coupling variability during gait prior to and following a rehabilitation programme performed with and without destabilisation devices. Twenty-six individuals with CAI were randomly assigned to receive 4 weeks of comprehensive rehabilitation with or without destabilisation devices. A 3D motion capture system was used to collect kinematics during walking. A vector-coding analysis was used to assess the joint-coupling variability of knee and hip motion to ankle motion. The destabilisation device group had decreases in joint-coupling variability during periods of walking gait. This decrease in joint-coupling variability may represent a change in sensorimotor organisation following rehabilitation. This decrease is indicative of an adaptation to the rehabilitation using destabilisation devices and may indicate an improvement in sensorimotor function.

关键词： vector coding variability dynamic systems gait

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Exploring pelvis and thigh movement and coordination patterns during walking in patients after total hip arthroplasty

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GAIT & POSTURE 2023年 103卷 196-202页

作者： Langley, Ben Whelton, Chris Page, Richard Chalmers, Oliver Cramp, Mary Morrison, Stewart C. Dey, Paola Board, Tim Edge Hill Univ Musculoskeletal Populat Hlth Res Grp Ormskirk Lancs England Wrightington Hosp Ctr Hip Surg Wigan England Univ West England Allied Hlth Profess Hlth & Appl Sci Bristol England Kings Coll London Sch Life Course & Populat Sci London England Edge Hill Univ St Helens Rd Ormskirk L39 4QP Lancs England

Background: Patients after total hip arthroplasty (THA) have altered hip kinematics compared to healthy controls, specifically hip extension and range of motion are lower. Exploring pelvis-thigh coordination patterns and coordination variability may help to elucidate why differences in hip kinematics are evident in patients following THA. Research Question: Do sagittal plane hip, pelvis and thigh kinematics, and pelvis-thigh movement coordination and coordination variability differ between patients following THA and healthy controls during walking? Methods: Sagittal plane hip, pelvis and thigh kinematics were collected using a three-dimensional motion capture system while 10 patients who had undergone THA and 10 controls walked at a self-selected pace. A modified vector coding technique was used to quantify pelvis-thigh coordination and coordination variability patterns. Peak hip, pelvis and thigh kinematics and ranges of motion, and movement coordination and coordination variability patterns were quantified and compared between groups. Results: Patients after THA have significantly (p & LE;.036;g & GE;0.995) smaller peak hip extension and range of motion, and peak thigh anterior tilt and range of motion compared to controls. Additionally, patients following THA have significantly (p & LE;.037;g & GE;0.646) more in-phase distally and less anti-phase distally dominated pelvisthigh movement coordination patterns compared to controls. Significance: The smaller peak hip extension and range of motion displayed by patients following THA is due to smaller peak anterior tilt of the thigh, which in turn limits thigh range of motion. The lower sagittal plane thigh, and in turn hip, motion used by patients after THA may be due to increases in the in-phase coordination of pelvisthigh motion patterns, which cause the pelvis and thigh to work as a singular functional unit.

关键词： Hip Replacement vector coding Hip Walking

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THE CONTROL PARAMETERS USED BY THE CNS TO GUIDE THE HAND DEPEND ON THE VISUO-MOTOR TASK: EVIDENCE FROM VISUALLY GUIDED POINTING

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NEUROSCIENCE 2009年第2期159卷 578-598页

作者： Thaler, L. Todd, J. T. Ohio State Univ Dept Psychol Columbus OH 43210 USA

To perform visually guided hand movements the visuo-motor system transforms visual information into movement parameters, invoking both central and peripheral processes. Central visuo-motor processes are active in the CNS, whereas peripheral processes are active at the neuromuscular junction. A major share of research attention regarding central visuo-motor processes concerns the question which parameters the CNS controls to guide the hand from one point to another. Findings in the literature are inconsistent. Whereas some researchers suggest that the CNS controls the hand displacement vector, others suggest that it controls final hand position. The current paper introduces a paradigm and analysis method designed to identify the parameters that the CNS controls to guide the hand. We use simulations to validate our analysis in the presence of peripheral visuo-motor noise and to estimate the level of peripheral noise in our data. Using our new tools, we show that hand movements are controlled either in terms of the hand displacement vector or in terms of final hand position, depending on the way visual information relevant for movement production is specified. Interestingly, our new analysis method reveals a difference in central visuo-motor processes, even though a traditional analysis of movement endpoint distributions does not. We estimate the level of peripheral noise in our data to be less than or equal to 40%. Based on our results we conclude that the CNS is flexible with regard to the parameters it controls to guide the hand;that spatial distributions of movement endpoints are not necessarily indicative of central visuo-motor processes;and that both peripheral and central noise has to be carefully considered in the interpretation of movement data. (C) 2009 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： hand movements visuo-motor transformation execution noise planning noise endpoint coding vector coding

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The effect of motor experience on knee stability and inter-joint coordination when cutting at different angles

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KNEE 2024年 48卷 207-216页

作者： Pan, Zhengye Liu, Lushuai Ma, Yunchao Beijing Normal Univ Coll Phys Educ & Sports Beijing Peoples R China

Background: Most studies on cutting have focused on the biomechanics of the knee and lower-limb muscle activation characteristics, with less consideration given to the influence of motor experience on control strategies at the joint level. This study aimed to investigate the differences in knee stability and inter-joint coordination between high- and low-level athletes when cutting at different angles. Methods: A Vicon motion capture system and a Kistler force table were used to obtain kinematic and ground reaction force data during cutting. Joint dynamic stiffness and vector coding were used to assess knee stability and inter-joint coordination. Uncontrolled manifold analysis was used to clarify whether there was synergy among lower-limb joints to maintain postural stability during cutting. Results: During the load acceptance phase, skilled subjects had the smallest joint stiffness at 90 degrees compared with novice subjects (P < 0.05). Compared with novice subjects, skilled subjects had smaller knee-hip ellipse areas at 90 degrees and 135 degrees (P < 0.05), but larger knee-ankle ellipse areas at 135 degrees (P < 0.05). The synergy index in load acceptance was significantly higher (P < 0.05) for skilled subjects at 90 degrees and 135 degrees. Conclusions: Advanced subjects can adjust joint control strategies to adapt to the demands of large-angle cutting on the change of direction. Advanced subjects can reduce knee stability for greater flexibility during cutting compared with novice subjects. By increasing the degree of synergy among the lower-limb joints, advanced athletes can maintain high postural stability. (c) 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Side-step cutting Uncontrolled manifold vector coding Joint stability Inter-joint coordination

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Notch1 Pathway Activation Results from the Epigenetic Abrogation of Notch-Related MicroRNAs in Mycosis Fungoides

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JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY 2015年第12期135卷 3144-3152页

作者： Gallardo, Fernando Sandoval, Juan Diaz-Lagares, Angel Garcia, Ricard D'Altri, Teresa Gonzalez, Jessica Alegre, Victor Servitje, Octavio Crujeiras, Ana-Belen Stefansson, Olafur-Andri Espinet, Blanca Hernandez, Maria-Inmaculada Bellosillo, Beatriz Esteller, Manel Pujol, Ramon-Maria Bigas, Anna Espinosa, Lluis Univ Autonoma Barcelona Serv Dermatol Hosp del Mar Barcelona 08003 Spain Hosp del Mar Med Res Inst IMIM Canc Res Program Barcelona Spain Hosp Duran & Reynals Bellvitge Biomed Res Inst IDIBELL Canc Epigenet & Biol Program PEBC Barcelona Spain Hosp del Mar Med Res Inst IMIM Stem Cells & Canc Res Lab Barcelona Spain Hosp Gen Valencia Serv Dermatol Valencia Spain Bellvitge Hosp Serv Dermatol Lhospitalet De Llobregat Spain Hosp del Mar Serv Patol Lab Citogenet Barcelona Spain Hosp del Mar Serv Patol Biol Mol Barcelona Spain Univ Barcelona Escola Med Dept Ciencias Fisiol 2 Barcelona Spain Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats ICREA Barcelona Spain

Notch is a family of transmembrane receptors that participate in the regulation of cell differentiation, proliferation, and stemness. Notch pathway activation has also been found associated with different human cancers including primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL). The elucidation of the mechanisms driving Notch activation in these particular diseases has remained elusive. Here we studied the possibility that DNA methylation at Notch pathway gene promoters and/or deregulation of Notch-associated microRNAs contribute to activate Notch in mycosis fungoides (MF). By genome-wide DNA methylation analysis, we failed to detect any consistent methylation at the Notch1, the Notch-ligand Jagged1, or the Notch-target Hes1 gene promoters, but found a significant methylation of the Notch-related microRNAs, in particular miR-200c and miR-124. Downregulation of miR-200c is associated with overexpression of Jagged1, concomitant to Notch1 activation. CTCL cell lines were infected with lentiviral vector encoding for miR-200c and ectopic expression of miR-200c in CTCL lines resulted in Jagged1 protein downregulation associated with a reduction in the levels of active Notch1. Our study deciphers an epigenetic mechanism regulating the Notch pathway in (MF) that might contribute to the future design of more specific therapeutic strategies.

关键词： Jagged-1 Protein Epigenetic Processes TSPYL2 gene promoter regions Mycosis Fungoides height reduction vector coding Ectopic Gene Expression DNA Methylation deregulation Pathway MicroRNAs

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Female Athletes Exhibit Greater Trial-to-Trial Coordination Variability When Provided with Instructions Promoting an External Focus

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JOURNAL OF MOTOR BEHAVIOR 2022年第6期54卷 686-693页

作者： Waite, Lindsey Stewart, Molly Sackiriyas, Kanikkai Steni Balan Jayawickrema, Jithmie Almonroeder, Thomas Gus Univ Wisconsin Dept Hlth Profess La Crosse WI 54601 USA Trine Univ Coll Hlth Profess Ft Wayne IN USA Parkview TherapyONE Outpatient Phys Therapy Ft Wayne IN USA

The purpose of this study was to examine how instructions promoting different attentional foci influence joint coordination patterns and trial-to-trial coordination variability during landing. Sixteen females performed drop landings with their typical technique (baseline) and after receiving instructions promoting an internal focus and an external focus. The coordination patterns, and trial-to-trial coordination variability, of the sagittal plane hip-knee, hip-ankle, and knee-ankle angle pairings were compared across conditions. While there was no difference in the joint coordination patterns among the conditions, subjects exhibited greater hip-ankle and knee-ankle trial-to-trial coordination variability for the external focus condition, vs. the baseline and internal focus conditions, which may help to explain the improved motor learning outcomes for athletes who train with an external focus.

关键词： biomechanics kinematics landing motor control vector coding

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