Defects, or bugs, often form during software development. Identifying the root cause of defects is essential to improve code quality, evaluate testing methods, and support defect prediction. Examples of defect-inducin...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9798350327830
Defects, or bugs, often form during software development. Identifying the root cause of defects is essential to improve code quality, evaluate testing methods, and support defect prediction. Examples of defect-inducing changes can be found using the SZZ algorithm to trace the textual history of defect-fixing changes back to the defect-inducing changes that they fix in line-based code. The line-based approach of the SZZ method is ineffective for visual code that represents source code graphically rather than textually. In this paper we adapt SZZ for visual code and present the SZZ visual code (SZZ-VC) algorithm, that finds changes in visual code based on the differences of graphical elements rather than differences of lines to detect defect-inducing changes. We validated the algorithm for an industry-made AAA video game and 20 music visual programming defects across 12 open source projects. Our results show that SZZ-VC is feasible for detecting defects in visual code for 3 different visual programming languages.
Video game development increasingly relies on using visual programming languages as the primary way to build video game features. The aim of using visual programming is to move game logic into the hands of game design...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9798350327830
Video game development increasingly relies on using visual programming languages as the primary way to build video game features. The aim of using visual programming is to move game logic into the hands of game designers, who may not be as well versed in textual coding. In this paper, we empirically observe that there are more defect-inducing commits containing visual code than textual code in a AAA video game project codebase. This indicates that the existing textual code Just-in-Time (JIT) defect prediction models under evaluation by Electronic Arts (EA) may be ineffective as they do not account for changes in visual code. Thus, we focus our research on constructing visual code defect prediction models that encompass visual code metrics and evaluate the models against defect prediction models that use language agnostic features, and textual code metrics. We test our models using features extracted from the historical codebase of a AAA video game project, as well as the historical codebases of 70 open source projects that use textual and visual code. We find that defect prediction models have better performance overall in terms of the area under the ROC curve (AUC), and Mathews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) when incorporating visual code features for projects that contain more commits with visual code than textual code.
This study aims to spread greater awareness of the importance of non-verbal communication and particularly of the visual code in the teaching of Spanish as a foreign language. It is based on the hypothesis that the te...
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This study aims to spread greater awareness of the importance of non-verbal communication and particularly of the visual code in the teaching of Spanish as a foreign language. It is based on the hypothesis that the teaching of this content does not fit into a set syllabus structured by levels, but rather is random and arbitrary. To conduct the study, a questionnaire was drawn up on the visual code in ELE containing images whose reading or interpretation required knowledge of multiple semiotic codes which act simultaneously. The questionnaire was answered by 115 students in total: 92 of Serbian origin and 23 English speakers. The results confirm the main hypothesis: that the level of Spanish has no significant relationship of dependence with most of the variables studied.
Vertebrate retinas share a basic blueprint comprising 5 neuronal classes arranged according to a common wiring diagram. Yet, vision is aligned with species differences in behavior and ecology, raising the question of ...
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Vertebrate retinas share a basic blueprint comprising 5 neuronal classes arranged according to a common wiring diagram. Yet, vision is aligned with species differences in behavior and ecology, raising the question of how evolution acts on this circuit to adjust its computational characteristics. We address that problem by comparing the thalamic visual code and retinal cell composition in closely related species occupying different niches: Rhabdomys pumilio, which are day-active murid rodents, and nocturnal laboratory mice (Mus musculus). Using high-density electrophysiological recordings, we compare visual responses at both single-unit and population levels in the thalamus of these two species. We find that Rhabdomys achieves a higher spatiotemporal resolution visual code through the selective expansion of information channels characterized by non-linear spatiotemporal summation. Comparative analysis of single-cell transcriptomic atlases reveals that this difference originates with the increased relative abundance of retinal bipolar and ganglion cell types supporting OFF and ON-OFF responses. These findings demonstrate that evolution may drive changes in neural computation by adjusting the proportions of shared cell types rather than inventing new types and show the power of matching high-density physiological recordings with transcriptomic cell atlases to study evolution in the brain.
Intersemiotic translation as defined by Roman Jakobson (1959) has been referred to and used in many different case studies including text and pictures or sounds. This is also the starting point for our research. We dr...
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Intersemiotic translation as defined by Roman Jakobson (1959) has been referred to and used in many different case studies including text and pictures or sounds. This is also the starting point for our research. We draw as well on the concept of multimodality and sketch the different historical and social functions of murals. The article consists of two research projects. The first project is based on a programme related to citizens' cultural awareness and social inclusion launched by the municipality of Kaunas (Lithuania). We describe all the steps from the written official call to the implementation of their ideas by the artists. Two murals (2016-2018) are under systematic scrutiny. The second project refers to "Places of Interest" (2016), a project combining a photo of a place, a recorded description of the photograph and a painting derived from the recorded description by an artist living in a different country. The murals and the photo/painting are framed within a specific verbal context. We explore how the meanings are translated, how the different agents of the process interpret the directives and narratives. In the last section, we discuss further the conceptual implications of our work, especially the relevance of 'intersemiotic translation' and the need to re-question the concept of 'translation'.
We present a fast restoration-recognition algorithm for scanning motion-blurred QR codes on handheld and wearable devices. We blindly estimate the blur from the salient edges of the code in an iterative optimization s...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781450335782
We present a fast restoration-recognition algorithm for scanning motion-blurred QR codes on handheld and wearable devices. We blindly estimate the blur from the salient edges of the code in an iterative optimization scheme, alternating between image sharpening, blur estimation, and decoding. The restored image is constrained to exploit the properties of QR codes which ensures fast convergence. The checksum of the code allows early termination when the code is first readable and precludes false positive detections. General blur removal algorithms perform poorly in restoring visual codes and are slow even on high-performance PCs. The proposed algorithm achieves good reconstruction quality on QR codes and outperforms existing methods in terms of speed. We present PC and Android implementations of a complete QR scanner and evaluate the algorithm on synthetic and real test images. Our work indicates a promising step towards enterprise-grade scan performance with wearable devices.
Background: In living cells, proteins are in continuous motion and interaction with the surrounding medium and/or other proteins and ligands. These interactions are mediated by protein features such as electrostatic a...
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Background: In living cells, proteins are in continuous motion and interaction with the surrounding medium and/or other proteins and ligands. These interactions are mediated by protein features such as electrostatic and lipophilic potentials. The availability of protein structures enables the study of their surfaces and surface characteristics, based on atomic contribution. Traditionally, these properties are calculated by physico-chemical programs and visualized as range of colors that vary according to the tool used and imposes the necessity of a legend to decrypt it. The use of color to encode both characteristics makes the simultaneous visualization almost impossible, requiring these features to be visualized in different images. In this work, we describe a novel and intuitive code for the simultaneous visualization of these properties. Methods: Recent advances in 3D animation and rendering software have not yet been exploited for the representation of biomolecules in an intuitive, animated form. For our purpose we use Blender, an open-source, free, cross-platform application used professionally for 3D work. On the basis Blender, we developed BioBlender, dedicated to biological work: elaboration of protein motion with simultaneous visualization of their chemical and physical features. Electrostatic and lipophilic potentials are calculated using physico-chemical software and scripts, organized and accessed through BioBlender interface. Results: A new visual code is introduced for molecular lipophilic potential: a range of optical features going from smooth-shiny for hydrophobic regions to rough-dull for hydrophilic ones. Electrostatic potential is represented as animated line particles that flow along field lines, proportional to the total charge of the protein. Conclusions: Our system permits visualization of molecular features and, in the case of moving proteins, their continuous perception, calculated for each conformation during motion. Using real world tacti
We propose the "Mobile Magic Hand" interface;it is an extension of our previous visual code-based interface system. Once the user acquires the visual code of interest, the user can then manipulate the relate...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783540731061
We propose the "Mobile Magic Hand" interface;it is an extension of our previous visual code-based interface system. Once the user acquires the visual code of interest, the user can then manipulate the related virtual object/system without having to keep the camera centered on the visual code. Our new interface does this analyzing the optical flow as captured by the camera. For example, consider a visual code that represents a 3D object, such as a dial. After selecting the code, the user can freely rotate and/or move the virtual object without having to keep the camera pointed at the code. This interface is much more user friendly and is more intuitive since the user's hand gestures can be more relaxed, more natural, and more extensive. In this paper, we describe "Mobile Magic Hand", some applications, and a preliminary user study of a prototype system.
In this paper, we discuss a novel approach to identifying entities involved in ad-hoc wireless communications through using an efficient visual code system called Ubicode. Ubicode, used in an out-of-band channel in or...
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In this paper, we discuss a novel approach to identifying entities involved in ad-hoc wireless communications through using an efficient visual code system called Ubicode. Ubicode, used in an out-of-band channel in order to bootstrap trust between entities unknown to each other, facilitates a mechanism for demonstrative identification of entities involved, thereby enabling secure spontaneous communications among them in wireless pervasive computing environments. We present the design of the visual code system as well as different types of identification protocols leveraging the visual code system. We also demonstrate our approach through a proof-of-concept implementation.
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