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visual complexity of shapes: a hierarchical perceptual learning model

visual COMPUTER 2022年第2期38卷 419-432页

作者： Dai, Lingchen Zhang, Kang Zheng, Xianjun Sam Martin, Ralph R. Li, Yina Yu, Jinhui Zhejiang Univ State Key Lab CAD&CG Hangzhou Zhejiang Peoples R China Univ Texas Dallas Dept Comp Sci Dallas TX USA Tsinghua Univ Dept Psychol Beijing Peoples R China Cardiff Univ Sch Comp Sci & Informat Cardiff Wales Univ Sci & Technol China Sch Management Hefei Peoples R China

Understanding how people perceive the visual complexity of shapes has important theoretical as well as practical implications. One school of thought, driven by information theory, focuses on studying the local features that contribute to the perception of visual complexity. Another school, in contrast, emphasizes the impact of global characteristics of shapes on perceived complexity. Inspired by recent discoveries in neuroscience, our model considers both local features of shapes: edge lengths and vertex angles, and global features: concaveness, and is in 92% agreement with human subjective ratings of shape complexity. The model is also consistent with the hierarchical perceptual learning theory, which explains how different layers of neurons in the visual system act together to yield a perception of visual shape complexity.

关键词： Neurons Hierarchical Shape visual complexity Regression analysis

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visual complexity of Head-Up Display in Automobiles Modulates Attentional Tunneling

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HUMAN FACTORS 2024年第7期66卷 1879-1892页

作者： Lee, Jieun Lee, Nahyun Ju, Jangkyu Chae, Jihwan Park, Jiyoon Ryu, Hoe Sung Cho, Yang Seok Korea Univ Sch Psychol Seoul South Korea Korea Univ Dept Artificial Intelligence Seoul South Korea Korea Univ Sch Psychol 145 Anam Ro Seoul 02841 South Korea

Objective To investigate how the visual complexity of head-up displays (HUDs) influence the allocation of driver's attention in two separate visual domains (near and far domains). Background The types and amount of information displayed on automobile HUDs have increased. With limited human attention capacity, increased visual complexity in the near domain may lead to interference in the effective processing of information in the far domain. Method Near-domain and far-domain vision were separately tested using a dual-task paradigm. In a simulated road environment, 62 participants were to control the speed of the vehicle (SMT;near domain) and manually respond to probes (PDT;far domain) simultaneously. Five HUD complexity levels including a HUD-absent condition were presented block-wise. Results Near domain performance was not modulated by the HUD complexity levels. However, the far domain detection accuracies were impaired as the HUD complexity level increased, with greater accuracy differences observed between central and peripheral probes. Conclusion Increased HUD visual complexity leads to a biased deployment of driver attention toward the central visual field. Therefore, the formulation of HUD designs must be preceded by an in-depth investigation of the dynamics of human cognition. Application To ensure driving safety, HUD designs should be rendered with minimal visual complexity by incorporating only essential information relevant to driving and removing driving-irrelevant or additional visual details.

关键词： attentional tunneling driving simulation head-up display visual complexity

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visual complexity in letter-by-letter reading: "Pure" alexia is not pure

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NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA 1998年第11期36卷 1115-1132页

作者： Behrmann, M Nelson, J Sekuler, EB Carnegie Mellon Univ Dept Psychol Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA Univ Toronto Dept Psychol Toronto ON M5S 1A1 Canada

Standard accounts of pure alexia have favoured the view that this acquired disorder of reading arises from damage to a left posterior occipital cortex mechanism dedicated to the processing of alphanumeric symbols. We challenge these accounts in two experiments and demonstrate that patients with this reading deficit are also impaired at object identification. In the first experiment, we show that a single subject, EL, who shows all the hallmark features of pure alexia, is impaired at picture identification across a large set of stimuli. As the visual complexity of pictures increases, so EL's reaction time to identify the stimuli increases disproportionately relative to the control subjects. In the second experiment, we confirm these findings with a larger group of five pure alexic patients using a selected subset of high- and low-visual complexity pictures. These findings suggest that the deficit giving rise to pure alexia is not restricted to orthographic symbols pei se but, rather, is a consequence of damage to a more general-purpose visual processing mechanism. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： pure alexia letter-by-letter reading, object identification occipital lobe visual complexity

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visual complexity attenuates emotional processing in psychopathy: Implications for fear-potentiated startle deficits

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COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2012年第2期12卷 346-360页

作者： Sadeh, Naomi Verona, Edelyn Univ Illinois Champaign IL 61801 USA

A long-standing debate is the extent to which psychopathy is characterized by fundamental deficits in attention or emotion. We tested the hypothesis that the interplay of emotional and attentional systems is critical for understanding processing deficits in psychopathy. A group of 63 offenders were assessed using the Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version. Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and fear-potentiated startle (FPS) reflexes were collected while participants viewed pictures selected to disentangle an existing confound between perceptual complexity and emotional content in the pictures typically used to study fear deficits in psychopathy. As predicted, picture complexity moderated the emotional processing deficits. Specifically, the affective-interpersonal features of psychopathy were associated with greater allocation of attentional resources to processing emotional stimuli at initial perception (visual N1), but only when the picture stimuli were visually complex. Despite this, results for the late positive potential indicated that emotional pictures were less attentionally engaging and held less motivational significance for individuals high in affective-interpersonal traits. This deficient negative emotional processing was observed later in their reduced defensive fear reactivity (FPS) to high-complexity unpleasant pictures. In contrast, the impulsive-antisocial features of psychopathy were associated with decreased sensitivity to picture complexity (visual N1) and were unrelated to emotional processing, as assessed by both ERPs and FPS. These findings are the first to demonstrate that picture complexity moderates FPS deficits, and they implicate the interplay of attention and emotional systems as deficient in psychopathy.

关键词： Psychopathy Fear-potentiated startle visual complexity Emotion Event-related potentials

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visual complexity and Aesthetic Perception of Web pages 08

Visual Complexity and Aesthetic Perception of Web pages

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26th ACM International Conference on Design of Communication

作者： Michailidou, Eleni Harper, Simon Bechhofer, Sean Univ Manchester Sch Comp Sci Informat Management Grp Manchester M13 9PL Lancs England

ISBN: (纸本)9781605580838

The visual appearance of a Web page influences the way a user will interact with the page. Web page structural elements (such as text, tables, links, and images) and their characteristics (such as colour and size) are used to determine the visual presentation and complexity level of a Web page. We theorise that by understanding a user's visual and aesthetic perception of a Web page we can understand the cognitive effort required for interaction with that page. This paper describes an investigation into user perception of the visual complexity and aesthetic appearance of Web pages. Results show a strong and high correlation between users' perception of visual complexity, structural elements (links, images, words and sections) and aesthetic appearance (organisation, clearness, cleanliness, interestingness and beautifulness) of a Web page. We argue that the results should be used as a further understanding for keeping the balance between aesthetic appearance of a Web page and its visual complexity. Web pages will then be designed that can still be aesthetically attractive but also usable and not overloaded with information for the users.

关键词： Web Design visual Perception Aesthetics visual complexity ViCRAM

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visual complexity exerts opposing effects on object categorization and identification

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visual COGNITION 2014年第6期22卷 751-769页

作者： Gerlach, Christian Marques, J. Frederico Univ Southern Denmark Dept Psychol DK-5230 Odense M Denmark Univ Lisbon Fac Psychol P-1699 Lisbon Portugal

visual complexity is a quality of objects that can be understood in terms of information richness: The more complex an object is, the more information it contains. visual complexity is therefore likely to have a considerable impact on visual object processing. Here we demonstrate that visual complexity does indeed affect visual object processing but that it exerts different effects depending on task requirements. In tasks that require little differentiation among objects (superordinate categorization), reaction times decrease linearly as a function of increasing visual complexity. In tasks that require more differentiation (difficult object decision), complexity exerts the opposite effect. We argue that this dynamic interplay between visual complexity and object individuation can be explained by assuming that complexity affects two operations in visual object recognition differentially: When perceptual representations are formed it exerts a negative effect because representations of complex objects are harder to assemble than representations of less complex objects, but once formed, it exerts a positive effect because complex objects-due to their information richness-activate fewer candidate representations in visual long-term memory that need to be differentiated in the recognition process.

关键词： Categorization Object decision Object recognition visual complexity visual similarity

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visual complexity: Is That All There Is?

Visual Complexity: Is That All There Is?

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8th International Conference on Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics held at the HCI International 2009

作者： Forsythe, Alexandra Liverpool John Moores Univ Liverpool L3 5UX Merseyside England

ISBN: (纸本)9783642027277

visual complexity is conventionally defined as the level of detail or intricacy contained within an image. This paper evaluates different measures of complexity and the extent to which they may be compromised by a familiarity bias. It considers the implications with reference to measures of visual complexity based on users' subjective judgments and explores other metrics which may provide a better basis for evaluating visual complexity in icons and displays. The interaction between shading and complexity is considered as a future direction for the empirical study of visual complexity.

关键词： Icons visual complexity Familiarity Metrics

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The influence of visual complexity on initial user impressions: testing the persuasive model of web design

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BEHAVIOUR & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 2020年第5期39卷 497-510页

作者： King, Andy J. Lazard, Allison J. White, Shawna R. Iowa State Univ Greenlee Sch Journalism & Commun 613 Wallace RdHamilton Hall 101 Ames IA 50011 USA Univ N Carolina Sch Media & Journalism Chapel Hill NC 27515 USA Texas State Univ Texas Sch Safety Ctr San Marcos TX USA

Shortly after fixating on webpages, users form initial impressions. These initial impressions influence how much users will use and return to websites. Researchers have understudied how objective design features (e.g. visual complexity) influence subjective perceptions of website content and the favorability of initial user impressions. In the present study, the influence of two dimensions of visual complexity - feature complexity and design complexity - were tested within the boundaries of the persuasive model of web design. More specifically, the study examined how visual complexity influences perceptions of visual informativeness, cues for engagement, favourable initial impressions, and behavioural intentions in a sample of young adults (N = 277). Results suggest relationships for both dimensions of visual complexity on all outcome variables using ANOVA and OLS regression procedures and that perceptions of visual informativeness and cues for engagement mediate the relationship between visual complexity and favourable initial impressions and behavioural intentions. The study offers support for the utility of the persuasive model of web design for linking objective design features with subjective design perceptions to better understand favourable initial user impressions.

关键词： Web design persuasive computing human-machine interface visual display visual complexity user psychology

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Photo aesthetic quality estimation using visual complexity features

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MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS 2018年第5期77卷 5189-5213页

作者： Sun, Litian Yamasaki, Toshihiko Aizawa, Kiyoharu Univ Tokyo Fac Engn Dept Informat & Commun Engn Bunkyo Ku Bldg 27-3-1 Hongo Tokyo 1138656 Japan

The amount of visual data available on the Web is growing explosively and it is becoming increasingly important to explore methods for automatically estimating the quality of this content in a manner that is consistent with the aesthetic perceptions of humans. The key to this challenging problem is to design an appropriate set of features to extract the aesthetic properties from content. Most previous studies designed a set of aesthetic features based on photographic criteria, which were unavoidably limited to specific examples and they lacked an interpretation based on the mechanism of human aesthetic perception. According to psychological theory, visual complexity is an important property of the stimuli, because it directly influences the viewer's arousal level, which is believed to be closely related to aesthetic perception. In this study, we propose an alternative set of features for aesthetic estimation based on a visual complexity principle. We extracted the visual complexity properties from an input image in terms of their composition, shape, and distribution. In addition, we demonstrated that the proposed features are consistent with human perception on the complexity in our visual complexity dataset. Next, we employed these features for photo-aesthetic quality estimation using a large-scale dataset. Various experiments were conducted under different conditions and comparisons with state-of-the-art methods shows that the proposed visual complexity feature outperforms photography rule-based features and even better than deep features.

关键词： Aesthetic estimation Image feature Photo quality assessment visual complexity

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Color and visual complexity in abstract images

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COLOR RESEARCH AND APPLICATION 2018年第6期43卷 952-957页

作者： Kocaoglu, Rengin Olgunturk, Nilgun Bilkent Univ Dept Interior Architecture & Environm Design Ankara Turkey Bilkent Univ Dept Interior Architecture & Environm Design Fac Art Design & Architecture Ankara Turkey

One of the more important aspects of vision is color perception, which involves aesthetic and psychological responses. The aim of this study is to understand the association between color and visual complexity in abstract images. It is hypothesized that, as the intelligibility of colors in an abstract image decreases, visual complexity and visual interest will increase until there is over unintelligibility where complexity and interest will decrease. In addition, as the difficulty in distinguishing the rules and the variety of colors used in images increases, visual complexity and visual interest will also increase. Abstract images are selected since they are independent from the visual references of the actual world, and are basics of art and architecture. The results revealed that images that were evaluated as visually complex and interesting were the ones that they had difficulty in finding a color harmony and indicate a huge variety of colors to the extent that differentiation between hues becomes very difficult.

关键词： abstract images art color visual complexity visual interest

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