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International Conference on Advanced Computer Theory and Engineering (ICACTE 2008)

作者： Ashutosh, R. Sen, Sayan Dev Heritage Inst Technol Kolkata India

ISBN: (纸本)9780769534893

In this paper, we propose a visual Cryptographic system which can be used to hide the original image information from an intruder or an unwanted user. The images can be in any standard format. The encrypted image is sent to the destination through the network and then the image is decrypted. We have used Symmetric-key cryptography.

关键词： visual cryptography Image Processing Coding and cryptography

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EVCS-DAS: Evolving visual cryptography Schemes for Dynamic Access Structures

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ACM TRANSACTIONS ON MULTIMEDIA COMPUTING COMMUNICATIONS AND APPLICATIONS 2025年第3期21卷 1-27页

作者： Wu, Xiaotian Feng, Xinjie Chen, Bing Yang, Ching-nung Peng, Qing-yu Yan, WeiQi Jinan Univ Guangzhou Peoples R China Guangdong Polytech Normal Univ Guangzhou Peoples R China Natl Dong Hwa Univ Shoufeng Taiwan Auckland Univ Technol Sch Engn Comp & Math Sci Auckland New Zealand

A systematic investigation of evolving visual cryptography scheme (EVCS) is carried out in this article. The evolving scheme, denoted as (k, oo), differs from the (k, n) threshold in that it permits an arbitrary and perhaps unlimited number of participants. More importantly, the access structure can be updated dynamically by adding new users. First of all, a preliminary implementation strategy for the (2, oo) EVCS is introduced. Then, by employing the (2, 2) VCS recursively with the (2, oo) EVCS, a (k, oo) EVCS is created. In order to enhance the performance, an improved scheme is constructed based on the multi-secret VCS (MVCS) and a series of EVCS schemes with thresholds of (1, oo), , (k - 1, oo). Moreover, Boolean XOR operation is adopted for secret recovery to further improve the visual quality. To facilitate the XOR decryption, a novel access structure partition algorithm is presented. Additionally, the proposed partition method can successfully solve the security issue in existing multi-secret XOR-based VCS (MXVCS). By integrating the more secure MXVCS into the improved scheme, XOR decryption is provided. The two proposed methods are shown to be effective and advantageous through extensive experiments and comparisons.

关键词： Secret sharing visual cryptography evolving dynamic access structure infinite participants

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Multi-Party Reversible Data Hiding in Ciphertext Binary Images Based on visual cryptography

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IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING LETTERS 2025年 32卷 1560-1564页

作者： Chen, Bing Yu, Jingkun Feng, Bingwen Lu, Wei Cai, Jun Guangdong Polytech Normal Univ Sch Cyber Secur Guangzhou 510665 Peoples R China Jinan Univ Coll Cyber Secur Guangzhou 510632 Peoples R China Sun Yat sen Univ Sch Comp Sci & Engn Guangdong Prov Key Lab Informat Secur Technol Minist EducKey Lab Informat Technol Guangzhou 510006 Peoples R China

Existing methods for reversible data hiding in ciphertext binary images only involve one data hider to perform data embedding. When the data hider is attacked, the original binary image cannot be perfectly reconstructed. To this end, this letter proposes multi-party reversible data hiding in ciphertext binary images, where multiple data hiders are involved in data embedding. In this solution, we use visual cryptography technology to encrypt a binary image into multiple ciphertext binary images, and transmit the ciphertext binary images to different data hiders. Each data hider can embed data into a ciphertext binary image and generate a marked ciphertext binary image. The original binary image is perfectly reconstructed by collecting a portion of marked ciphertext binary images from the unattacked data hiders. Compared with existing solutions, the proposed solution enhances the recoverability of the original binary image. Besides, the proposed solution maintains a stable embedding capacity for different categories of images.

关键词： cryptography visualization Data mining Image restoration Receivers Vectors Hamming weight Encryption Image reconstruction Histograms Reversible data hiding ciphertext binary image visual cryptography multiple data hiders

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Border Collie Shuffled Shepherd optimization-based image reconstruction using visual cryptography

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IMAGING SCIENCE JOURNAL 2025年第1期73卷 30-45页

作者： Sajitha, A. S. Priya, S. Sridevi Sathya Sanish, V. S. Karunya Inst Technol & Sci Elect & Commun Engn Coimbatore 641114 India Jawaharlal Coll Engn & Technol Elect & Commun Engn Palakkad India

The visual secret sharing (VSS) technique is an encryption model to conceal secret messages into two or more meaningless images, called shares. Information loss is a huge drawback in existing systems. An efficient model has been developed to reconstruct the original image using the Border Shuffled Shepherd Optimization (BSSO) based on the visual cryptography technique. visual cryptography is performed on the transmitter and receiver sides. At the transmitter side, the input image is partitioned into numerous shares and the B-noisy matrix is optimally generated using BSSO, which is an incorporation of Border Collie Optimization (BCO) and Shuffled Shepherd Optimization (SSO). At the receiver end, all the shares are integrated to reconstruct the original image. The BSSO has maximum Peak-to-Signal Noise Ratio (PSNR) of 56.591, distortion ratio of 0.908, noise level of 0.834, Mean squared error (MSE) of 0.038, and Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) of 0.981, for Lena image.

关键词： visual cryptography Border Collie Optimization (BCO) Shuffled Shepherd Optimization (SSO) Image reconstruction visual secret sharing (VSS) information loss decrypt cryptography

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Enhanced Reconfigurable visual cryptography Strategies Utilizing Optical Metasurfaces

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ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2025年第7期17卷 11300-11308页

作者： Wu, Xianfeng Xue, Yulin Shi, Zhongyu Li, Zhenfei Du, Shuo Song, Kun Liu, Yahong Geng, Guangzhou Zhu, Weiren Zhao, Xiaopeng Northwestern Polytech Univ Dept Appl Phys Smart Mat Lab Xian 710129 Peoples R China BOE Technol Grp Co Ltd Beijing 100176 Peoples R China Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Dept Elect Engn Shanghai 200240 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys Inst Phys Beijing 100190 Peoples R China

The secure storage and transmission of information are core measures that ensure data security. Within intricate information landscapes, reconfigurable encryption mechanisms serve as robust defenses against potential breaches of encrypted data. Here, we propose a reconfigurable visual secret sharing (VSS) encryption strategy that leverages the capabilities of optical metasurfaces and exhibits a dual-channel secondary encryption scheme. This method employs three shared keys (SKs) hidden in the near-field and spin-decoupled far-field channels of the metasurface to perform the initial encryption, enabling the decryption of two distinct encrypted information. Subsequently, leveraging clues from the initial decryption process, the SKs in two far-field channels, in conjunction with the corresponding reconfigurable codebook, can achieve dual-channel reconfigurable encryption. As a proof of concept, we conduct experiments to decrypt the first-time encrypted information and the secondary encrypted information that is reconfigurable. The enhanced reconfigurable encryption strategy not only improves the information security and parallel encryption capacity but also offers repetitive encryption and dynamic encryption without updating the metasurface hardware.

关键词： optical metasurface visual cryptography near-and far-field multiplexing multidimensional encryption reconfigurable encryption

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Integrating visual cryptography for Efficient and Secure Image Sharing on Social Networks

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APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2025年第8期15卷

作者： Ren, Lijing Zhang, Denghui Guangdong Mech & Elect Polytech Inst Artificial Intelligence Guangzhou 510555 Peoples R China Guangzhou Univ Cyberspace Inst Adv Technol Guangzhou 510555 Peoples R China

The widespread use of smart devices, such as phones and live-streaming cameras, has ushered in an era where digital images can be captured and shared on social networks anytime and anywhere. Sharing images demands more bandwidth and stricter security than text. This prevalence poses challenges for secure image forwarding, as it is susceptible to privacy leaks when sharing data. While standard encryption algorithms can safeguard the privacy of textual data, image data entail larger volumes and significant redundancy. The limited computing power of smart devices complicates the encrypted transmission of images, creating substantial obstacles to implementing security policies on low-computing devices. To address privacy concerns regarding image sharing on social networks, we propose a lightweight data forwarding mechanism for resource-constrained environments. By integrating large-scale data forwarding with visual cryptography, we enhance data security and resource utilization while minimizing overhead. We introduce a downsampling-based non-expansive scheme to reduce pixel expansion and decrease encrypted image size without compromising decryption quality. Experimental results demonstrate that our method achieves a peak signal-to-noise ratio of up to 20.54 dB, and a structural similarity index of 0.72, outperforming existing methods such as random-grid. Our approach prevents size expansion while maintaining high decryption quality, addressing access control gaps, and enabling secure and efficient data exchange between interconnected systems.

关键词： image security lightweight encryption visual cryptography privacy-preserving

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A Door Lock System Based on visual cryptography 2nd

A Door Lock System Based on Visual Cryptography

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2nd International Conference on Security and Information Technologies with AI, Internet Computing and Big-data Applications, SITAIBA 2023

作者： Chao, Chang-Yu Chang, Jen-Chun Wang, Ching-Cheng Chen, Chi-Sheng Chung, Hao-Hsuan Lu, Kuan-Han Huang, Guan-Ying National Taipei University New Taipei City Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9789819777853

A visual cryptography Scheme (VCS) is a unique data hiding technique aimed at decomposing secret information into multiple images, referred to as shares. These individual images, when viewed in isolation, are incapable of revealing the contents of the secret. The original secret information can only be reconstructed when multiple images are overlaid. The distinguishing feature of this method lies in the distribution of these shares. They individually appear as random noise. It ensures that access to any part of the secret information is only possible when all shares are combined. In this paper, we propose a visual cryptography Scheme enhanced with surface cover and apply it to door lock systems, effectively enabling efficient identity management and verification. Through this technology, the system can guarantee that access permissions are granted only to authorized individuals. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Data hiding Door lock Identity verification visual cryptography

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CRP2-VCS: Contrast-Oriented Region-based Progressive Probabilistic visual cryptography Schemes

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IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology 2025年

作者： Wu, Xiaotian Song, Bofan Fang, Jia Yan, WeiQi Peng, Qing-Yu Jinan University Guangdong Key Laboratory of Data Security and Privacy Preserving College of Cyber Security College of Information Science and Technology Guangzhou China Auckland University of Technology Department of Computer and Information Systems Auckland New Zealand Jinan University Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Astrometry Dynamics and Space Science Guangzhou China

Most visual cryptography schemes (VCSs) are condition-oriented which implies their designs focus on satisfying the contrast and security conditions in VCS. In this paper, we explore a new architecture of VCS: contrast-oriented region-based progressive probabilistic VCS (CRP2-VCS). The term contrast-oriented indicates the optimality of multi-contrast is taken into consideration when producing shadows. First of all, new requirements for CRP2-VCS, described by probabilities, are introduced. As a non-interference requirement is proposed, the secret interference problem in existing region-based progressive VCS can be avoided. Then, a construction of CRP2-VCS based on a multi-contrast-maximizing model is provided. The multi-contrast-maximizing problem is essentially a probabilistic VCS model that fuses region-based sharing, multi-contrast optimization, and general access structure (GAS) together. Finally, a Max-Min based technique is adopted to solve the multi-objective optimization problem. Moreover, to further boost the visual quality, the proposed method is extended to allow employing XOR operation for image recovery. Experimental results and comparisons are demonstrated to show the effectiveness and advantages, such as optimal visual quality, non-expansible shadow and GAS sharing policy, are provided by the proposed technique. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： contrast optimal region Secret sharing visual cryptography

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visual cryptography for Biometric Privacy

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION FORENSICS AND SECURITY 2011年第1期6卷 70-81页

作者： Ross, Arun Othman, Asem W Virginia Univ Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn Morgantown WV 26506 USA

Preserving the privacy of digital biometric data (e.g., face images) stored in a central database has become of paramount importance. This work explores the possibility of using visual cryptography for imparting privacy to biometric data such as fingerprint images, iris codes, and face images. In the case of faces, a private face image is dithered into two host face images (known as sheets) that are stored in two separate database servers such that the private image can be revealed only when both sheets are simultaneously available;at the same time, the individual sheet images do not reveal the identity of the private image. A series of experiments on the XM2VTS and IMM face databases confirm the following: 1) the possibility of hiding a private face image in two host face images;2) the successful matching of face images reconstructed from the sheets;3) the inability of sheets to reveal the identity of the private face image;4) using different pairs of host images to encrypt different samples of the same private face;and 5) the difficulty of cross-database matching for determining identities. A similar process is used to de-identify fingerprint images and iris codes prior to storing them in a central database.

关键词： De-identification face fingerprint IrisCodes privacy visual cryptography

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visual cryptography schemes with optimal pixel expansion

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THEORETICAL COMPUTER SCIENCE 2006年第1-3期369卷 169-182页

作者： Blundo, Carlo Cimato, Stelvio De Santis, Alfredo Univ Salerno Dipartimento Informat & Applicaz I-84081 Baronissi SA Italy Univ Milan Dipartimento Tecnol Informaz I-26013 Crema CR Italy

A visual cryptography scheme encodes a black and white secret image into n shadow images called shares which are distributed to the it participants. Such shares are such that only qualified subsets of participants can "visually" recover the secret image. Usually, the reconstructed image will be darker than the background of the image itself. In this paper we consider visual cryptography schemes satisfying the model introduced by Tzeng and Hu [A new approach for visual cryptography, Designs, Codes and cryptography 27 (3) (2002) 207-227]. In such a model, the recovered secret image can be darker or lighter than the background. We prove a lower bound on the pixel expansion of the scheme and, for (2, n)-threshold visual cryptography schemes, we provide schemes achieving the bound. Our schemes improve on the ones proposed by Tzeng and Hu. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： visual cryptography pixel expansion

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