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Modelling the effect of commercially available blue-blocking lenses on visual and non-visual functions

CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OPTOMETRY 2020年第3期103卷 339-346页

作者： Alzahrani, Hind S. Khuu, Sieu K. Roy, Maitreyee Univ New South Wales Sch Optometry & Vis Sci Sydney NSW Australia

Background Blue-blocking lenses (BBLs) are marketed as providing retinal protection from acute and cumulative exposure to blue light over time. The selective reduction in visible wavelengths transmitted through BBLs is known to influence the photosensitivity of retinal photoreceptors, which affects both visual and non-visual functions. This study measured the spectral transmittance of BBLs and evaluated their effect on blue perception, scotopic vision, circadian rhythm, and protection from photochemical retinal damage. Methods Seven different types of BBLs from six manufacturers and untinted control lenses with three different powers (+2.00 D, -2.00 D and Plano) were evaluated. The whiteness index of BBLs used in this study was calculated using Commission International de l'Eclairage (CIE) Standard Illuminates D65, and CIE 1964 Standard with a 2 degrees Observer. The protective qualities of BBLs and their effect on blue perception, scotopic vision, and circadian rhythm were evaluated based on their spectral transmittance, which was measured with a Cary 5,000 UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer. Results BBLs were found to reduce blue light (400-500 nm) by 6-43 per cent, providing significant protection from photochemical retinal damage compared to control lenses (p <= 0.05). All BBLs were capable of reducing the perception of blue colours, scotopic sensitivities and circadian sensitivities by 5-36 per cent, 5-24 per cent, and 4-27 per cent, respectively depending on the brand and power of the lens. Conclusion BBLs can provide some protection to the human eye from photochemical retinal damage by reducing a portion of blue light that may affect visual and non-visual performances, such as those critical to scotopic vision, blue perception, and circadian rhythm.

关键词： blue-blocking lenses non-visual functions transmittance visual functions

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Color vision and occupational chemical exposures -: II.: visual functions in non-exposed subjects

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NEUROTOXICOLOGY 2002年第6期23卷 735-745页

作者： Iregren, A Andersson, M Nylén, P Natl Inst Working Life Dept Ergon SE-11279 Stockholm Sweden Natl Inst Working Life Chem Risk Assessment Grp SE-11279 Stockholm Sweden

This paper presents data on visual functions (visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and several tests of color vision), in a group of 199 non-exposed healthy subjects with an even distribution over the age range 18-65 years, and sex. Although subjects with obvious congenital color vision deficiencies were removed from the analyses (four males), females were superior to males on several of the color vision tests applied. Age influenced visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, while color discrimination was less affected. Correlations between functions of the right and the left eye in the individual subjects were rather low, ranging from. 0.40 to 0.73. Correlations between visual acuity and contrast sensitivity on the one hand and color discrimination ability on the other hand were still lower (r < 0.20). These low correlations between functions in the two eyes support the need for testing each eye separately. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： age color vision contrast sensitivity non-exposed sex visual functions

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Advanced Perceptual Learning Techniques Induce Neuroplasticity to Enable Improved visual functions

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Current Ophthalmology Reports 2016年第1期4卷 1-7页

作者： Polat, Uri InnoVision Labs Inc. (f/k/a. Glassesoff Inc.) New York NY United States

Until recent years, there was low awareness that the brain’s ability to adapt to changes in sensory input through the modification of neural pathways and processing functions, i.e., neuroplasticity, remains after late adolescent development. Over the past few decades, an extensive body of evidence has established that neuroplasticity not only endures in the adult neuronal processing system, but can also be augmented using advanced perceptual learning training, resulting in improved vision and image processing speed. It is well-established that during the early period of life, termed as critical period, the sensory system displays high sensitivity to environmental stimuli and develops in a particular way owing to adapt to the visual input that is received from the eye. The process of balancing the refraction of the anterior ocular segment and the axial length of the eye to produce a focused image on the retina, i.e., emmetropization, occurs during the first few years of life. Emmetropization involves fine-tuning of the refractive state by altering the refractive components of the eye toward zero refraction. Recent studies have shown that compromised cortical processing, either due to abnormal development, e.g., amblyopia, or due to uncorrected and blurred visual input from the eye, e.g., myopia or presbyopia, can be remarkably strengthened resulting in improved visual performance functions independent of emmetropization. Therefore, advanced perceptual training can be of significant benefit to patients who undergo refractive surgery. In these patients, the correction of the optical input is suddenly altered changing the coherence between the input delivered from the eye and the steady-state cortical processing. This abrupt effect may pose the need for the image processing functions of the visual cortex to readapt to the modified visual input. Boosting cortical processing using perceptual learning may provide enhanced vision benefits for these patients and increase the

关键词： Neuroplasticity Perceptual learning Presbyopia Refractive surgery visual acuity visual functions

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Innovative vision rehabilitation method for epiretinal membrane: Enhancing visual functions through Biofeedback Training

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American Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports 2023年 32卷 101956-101956页

作者： Matsura Misawa, Mariana Akemi Markowitz, Samuel N. Daibert-Nido, Monica Toronto Western Hospital Bathurst Street Toronto ON Canada Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto College Street ON Canada

Purpose: To report a case with epiretinal membrane (ERM) treated with audio-luminous Biofeedback training (BT) which resulted in improvement of monocular and binocular visual functions. Observations: We report a case of ERM with distance Best Corrected visual Acuity (BCVA) of 20/40 in the right dominant eye, and 20/20 in the left eye. The main symptom was binocular blurry vision, and the patient did not desire to pursue posterior vitrectomy due to its risks. Using a 10-2 microperimetry test with the MAIA Microperimeter, it was possible to identify an inferior paracentral relative scotoma in the right eye with splitting fixation. The right eye was trained with five 20-minute sessions with Biofeedback training towards a trained retinal locus (TRL) with better retinal sensitivity and 1.46° superior and temporal to the current preferred retinal locus (PRL). After training, the patient reported total improvement of symptoms, and BCVA was 20/25 in the right eye and 20/20 in the left eye. Conclusions and importance: Biofeedback training is a valuable treatment with no known adverse effects that can be performed as an alternative to patients with ERM with no surgical indication and debilitating symptoms, or as a post-surgery adjuvant treatment. © 2023 The Authors

关键词： Biofeedback training Epiretinal membrane Low vision Low vision rehabilitation Microperimetry visual functions

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Vision functionality and user comfort following the use of binocular indirect ophthalmoscope simulator

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CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OPTOMETRY 2025年第3期108卷 327-335页

作者： Panke, Karola Karelska, Elina Alksnis, Reinis Krumina, Gunta Pladere, Tatjana Univ Latvia Dept Optometry & Vis Sci Riga Latvia Univ Latvia Lab Stat Res & Data Anal Riga Latvia

Clinical relevance Headset-based simulator training is increasingly utilised in eye care education, offering opportunities to improve clinical skills in a controlled, reproducible environment. These tools support the development of innovative training approaches in eye care. Background While the educational advantages of headset-based simulators are recognised, the potential challenges and limitations that users may encounter remain understudied. This study investigated changes in user comfort and vision functionality following a 40-minute headset-based simulator training of indirect ophthalmoscopy. Methods Fifty-four participants aged 20 to 45 years (21 eye care professionals and 33 optometry students, analysed as a single group) underwent a 40-minute training session using the Eyesi binocular indirect ophthalmoscope simulator. User comfort with a custom-designed symptom questionnaire and visual functions using the RAF ruler, von Graefe technique, and prism bars were assessed before and immediately after the headset-based simulator training session. Results Following the headset-based simulator training, there was a significant recession of both the near point of convergence (p < .001) and the near point of accommodation (p < .001). Baseline visual functions correlated with changes following headset-based simulator training, specifically near point of accommodation (r = 0.32, p = .02), horizontal near heterophoria (r = -0.37, p = .01), horizontal far heterophoria (r = 0.27, p = .04), blur point in positive fusional reserves (r = -0.61, p < .001), recovery point in negative fusional reserves (r = -0.36, p = .01), and AC/A ratio (r = -0.51, p < .001). Questionnaire results indicated a significant increase in discomfort following the headset-based simulator training (p < .001). Conclusion Forty-minute headset-based simulator training can lead to altered vision functionality and pronounced discomfort in some individuals, highlighting the variability in individual respo

关键词： Eye care education headset simulator training user comfort visual functions

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visual function deficits in dyslexic children: a case-control study

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BMC OPHTHALMOLOGY 2025年第1期25卷 1-7页

作者： Darvishi, Azam Sangsefidi, Negar Shandiz, Javad Heravian Rad, Davood Sobhani Narooie-Noori, Foroozan Khorrami-Nejad, Masoud Queensland Univ Technol Ctr Vis & Eye Res Contact Lens & Visual Opt Lab Optometry & Vis Sci Brisbane 4059 Australia Mashhad Univ Med Sci Sch Hlth Dept Biostat Mashhad Iran Mashhad Univ Med Sci Student Res Comm Mashhad Iran Mashhad Univ Med Sci Refract Errors Res Ctr Sch Paramed Sci Mashhad Iran Mashhad Univ Med Sci Sch Paramed Sci Dept Optometry Mashhad Iran Mashhad Univ Med Sci Sch Paramed Sci Dept Speech Therapy Mashhad Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Sch Rehabil Tehran Iran Al Mustaqbal Univ Coll Hlth & Med Tech Opt Tech Dept Babylon 51001 Iraq

Purpose To compare the ophthalmic findings between dyslexic and non-dyslexic children aged 7-10 years. Methods A matched case-control study was conducted on 32 dyslexic children as a case group and 32 non-dyslexics as a control group. Both groups underwent complete ophthalmic examinations to measure corrected distance visual acuity, refractive errors, latent and manifest deviations, stereoacuity, near point of accommodation (NPA), and contrast sensitivity (CS). Results The mean age of the participants in our study was 8.1 +/- 0.8 (range 7-10) years. Both dyslexic and non-dyslexic groups consisted of 17(53.1%) boys and 15(46.9%) girls. There was no significant difference in visual functions (P > 0.05) except for stereoacuity and contrast sensitivity between the two groups. Contrast sensitivity (CS) was decreased and aggravated in dyslexics versus controls. The mean score of binocular CS in the case and control group was 115.8 +/- 40.6 and 175.6 +/- 44.3 cycle per degree, respectively (P < 0.001). Notably, stereoacuity was increased in dyslexics versus controls (94.2 +/- 73.6 vs. 60.94 +/- 12.01 s/arc, P = 0.017). Conclusion Dyslexic children exhibited decreased contrast sensitivity and impaired stereoacuity compared to controls. These findings support the theory of magnocellular system deficits in dyslexia. Further research is required to elucidate the role of contrast sensitivity and its impact on dyslexic vision.

关键词： Dyslexia Contrast sensitivity Stereo acuity visual functions

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Assessment of driver vision functions in relation to their crash involvement in India

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CURRENT SCIENCE 2016年第6期110卷 1063-1072页

作者： Verma, Ashish Chakrabarty, Neelima Velmurugan, S. Bhat, B. Prithvi Kumar, H. D. Dinesh Nishanthi, B. Indian Inst Sci Dept Civil Engn Bengaluru 560012 Karnataka India Indian Inst Sci Ctr Infrastruct Sustainable Transportat & Urban P Bengaluru 560012 Karnataka India Cent Rd Res Inst Traff Engn & Safety Div Mathura Rd New Delhi 110025 India Cent Inst Rd Transport Pune 411026 Maharashtra India Natl Inst Technol Dept Civil Engn Tiruchirappalli 620015 Tamil Nadu India

Among the human factors that influence safe driving, visual skills of the driver can be considered fundamental. This study mainly focuses on investigating the effect of visual functions of drivers in India on their road crash involvement. Experiments were conducted to assess vision functions of Indian licensed drivers belonging to various organizations, age groups and driving experience. The test results were further related to the crash involvement histories of drivers through statistical tools. A generalized linear model was developed to ascertain the influence of these traits on propensity of crash involvement. Among the sampled drivers, colour vision, vertical field of vision, depth perception, contrast sensitivity, acuity and phoria were found to influence their crash involvement rates. In India, there are no efficient standards and testing methods to assess the visual capabilities of drivers during their licensing process and this study highlights the need for the same.

关键词： Crash involvement driver licensing generalized linear modelling visual functions

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Cognitive and sensorimotor functions in 6-year-old children in relation to lead and mercury levels: Adjustment for intelligence and contrast sensitivity in computerized testing

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NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY 1998年第5期20卷 511-521页

作者： Walkowiak, J Altmann, L Kramer, U Sveinsson, K Turfeld, M Weishoff-Houben, M Winneke, G Univ Dusseldorf Med Inst Environm Hyg Div Neurotoxicol D-4000 Dusseldorf Germany Univ Dusseldorf Med Inst Environm Hyg Div Epidemiol D-4000 Dusseldorf Germany Univ Dusseldorf Med Inst Environm Hyg Div Analyt Chem D-4000 Dusseldorf Germany Univ Dusseldorf Med Inst Environm Hyg Div Biol Psychol D-4000 Dusseldorf Germany

Within a larger environmental health screening program neurobehavioral measures were taken in 384 6-year-old children (mean age 74 months) in the cities of Leipzig, Gardeiegen, and Duisburg. Lead concentrations in venous blood samples (PbB) and urinary mercury excretion in 24-h samples (HgU) were measured as markers of environmental exposure by electrothermal AAS. Dependent variables included two subtests from the WISC [vocabulary (V) and block design (BD)] as well as five tests from the NES2 [pattern comparison, pattern memory, tapping, simple reaction time, and the continuous performance test (CPT;child version)]. In addition, visual functions [visual acuity (TITMUS-test) and contrast sensitivity (FACT)] were tested as covariates. The overall average PbB (geometric mean) was 42.5 mu g/l (upper 95% value = 89 mu g/l). The overall average mercury excretion (HgU) was 0.16 mu g/24 h. Whereas no significant or borderline associations between HgU and any of the target variables was found, significant negative associations were observed between PbB and verbal intelligence (WISC vocabulary but not WISC Block Design) and false-positive responses (false alarms), as well as false-negative responses (miss) in the CPT. Whereas parental education was the most important confounder for WISC performance, visual contrast sensitivity and computer familiarity also proved predictive for performance in several computer-based NES subtests. It is concluded that non-IQ measures, namely measures of sustained attention, are negatively affected in children with 95% of blood-lead levels below 90 mu g/l, even after adjustment for intelligence and contrast sensitivity, whereas the causative role of lead in altering IQ functions remains somewhat equivocal, because important covariates could not be controlled for. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Inc.

关键词： blood lead mercury excretion children WISC NES visual functions

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Changes in visual evoked potentials after phosphene electrostimulation in children suffering from myopia

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NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 2008年第3期40卷 193-198页

作者： Degtyarenko, T. V. Boichouk, I. M. Chaura, A. G. Ushinskii S Ukrainian Pedag Univ Odessa Ukraine Ukraine Acad Med Sci Filatov Inst Ophthalm Dis & Tissue Therapy Odessa Ukraine

We recorded visual evoked potentials (VEPs) in children suffering from medium and high myopia (3.0 to 6.0 and more than 6.0 D;28 and 21 patients, respectively);a light flash was used as the stimulus. The VEPs were recorded before and after a curative course of phosphene electrostimulation (PhES;frequency 15 sec-1, 10 to 15 10-min-long everyday sessions). The above course resulted in clear trends toward decreases in the peak latencies of the P60 and P100 VEP components;changes in the latencies of other components were expressed to a lesser extent. In children with medium myopia, the latency of the P60 component decreased, on average, by more than 21% (P < 0.05);in patients with high myopia, the respective decrease was about 12% (P > 0.05). These shifts were accompanied by increases in the mean amplitudes of the P60 and, to a lesser degree, P100 (more expressed in medium myopia). The data obtained allow us to suppose that the PhES course provides increases in the transmission velocity through relay structures of the visual analyzer and in neuronal networks of the visual cortex and also in the number of neuronal units whose activity is reflected in generation of VEPs. Application of the PhES technique is much more effective in relatively moderate myopia.

关键词： phosphene electrostimulation visual evoked potentials (VEPs) medium and high myopia visual functions

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PATTERNED DYSTROPHIES OF THE RETINAL-PIGMENT EPITHELIUM - A REVIEW

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OPHTHALMIC PAEDIATRICS AND GENETICS 1988年第2期9卷 77-114页

作者： PINCKERS, A Department of Ophthalmology University of Nijmegen The Netherlands.

Pigmentations and depigmentations, accompanied or not by yellow subretinal lipofuscin accumulations, are the ophthalmologically visible manifestations of dystrophies of the retinal pigment epithelium. The pigmentations may or may not become confluent and form concentric, butterfly-shaped or reticular configurations. Different patterns of pigment migration may occur in a family and even in one individual. Hence these dystrophies are called pattern(ed) dystrophies of the retinal pigment epithelium. The visual functions are relatively well-preserved, although severe visual impairment is not excluded. The pattern(ed) dystrophies are inherited as an autosomal dominant, an autosomal recessive or an X-linked recessive trait. The author suggests that some cases diagnosed as atypical pigmentary dystrophies with near-normal visual functions probably are dystrophies of the retinal pigment epithelium.

关键词： pattern(ed) dystrophies retinal pigment epithelium lipofuscin visual functions fluorescein angiography inheritance grouped pigmentations foveomacular dystrophy benign concentric annular macular dystrophy vitelliform dystrophy (macro-)reticular dystrophy butterfly-shaped dystrophy colour vision electro-oculography electroretinography dark adaptation visual acuity visual field

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