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2016年

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关键词： flow flow graph flow graphs media processing method methods mit-lcs-tr-640 object object tel paves program programming tel textual programming user user interface user programming video video programs visual language visual programming

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Block-Based programming Abstractions for Explicit Parallel Computing

Block-Based Programming Abstractions for Explicit Parallel C...

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IEEE Blocks and Beyond Workshop (B&B)

作者： Feng, Annette Tilevich, Eli Feng, Wu-chun Virginia Tech Dept Comp Sci Blacksburg VA 24061 USA Virginia Tech Dept Elect & Comp Engn Blacksburg VA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781467383677

With the majority of computing devices now featuring multiple computing cores, modern programmers need to be able to write programs that utilize these cores in parallel to extract the requisite levels of performance. Despite the need for such explicit parallel computing, few programmers are properly groomed in the mindset and the practices of parallel computing. Block-based programming languages, such as Scratch and Snapl, have proven to be a highly effective means of teaching fundamental programming concepts to a wide student audience. Nevertheless, the rich feature-set of mainstream block-based programming environments lack abstractions for explicit parallel programming, thus missing the opportunity to introduce this increasingly important programming concept at a time when the students' minds are most receptive. This paper reports on the results of an NSF-sponsored project for adding and integrating explicit programming abstractions, including producer-consumer, master-worker, and MapReduce, to block-based languages. We describe our reference implementation of adding the producer-consumer abstraction to Snap! and an educational project that utilizes this abstraction. This project clearly demonstrate the key features of parallel processing, without unduly burdening the programmer with the low-level details that this programming model typically entails. Our initial results show great potential in introducing the key concepts of parallel computing via block-based programming.

关键词： explicit parallel computing computer science education block-based programming visual programming parallel computational patterns

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Scripting a Radically-Distributed World Recursively-nested visual Dataflow programming for Pervasive Computing

Scripting a Radically-Distributed World Recursively-nested V...

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IEEE Symposium on visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC)

作者： Lucas, Peter Senn, Jeff Balasubramana, Magesh Roth, Stuart Spencer, Steve MAYA Design Inc Pittsburgh PA 15203 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781457712456

The built world increasingly comprises objects with at least some information-processing capability, and these objects are rapidly acquiring the ability to intercommunicate. The problem of how to orchestrate huge numbers of independently designed devices into coherent environments is becoming acute. A pure dataflow programming paradigm is a natural choice for addressing this challenge. We present an information centric, recursive, hybrid visual programming environment that addresses many of the usability problems that have plagued previous attempts at large-scale visual dataflow programming environments.

关键词： visual programming dataflow information centric interfaces pervasive computing ubiquitous computing

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BPOpt: A framework for BIM-based performance optimization

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ENERGY AND BUILDINGS 2015年第Dec.期108卷 401-412页

作者： Asl, Mohammad Rahmani Zarrinmehr, Saied Bergin, Michael Yan, Wei Texas A&M Univ College Stn TX 77843 USA Autodesk Inc Chicago IL USA

The increase in global environmental concerns as well as the advancement of computational tools and methods have had significant impacts on the way in which buildings are being designed. Building professionals are increasingly expected to improve energy performance of their design. To achieve a high level of energy performance, multidisciplinary simulation-based optimization can be utilized to help designers in exploring more design alternatives and making informed decisions. Because of the high complexity in setting up a building model for multi-objective design optimization, there is a great demand of utilizing and integrating the advanced modeling and simulation technologies, including BIM, parametric modeling, cloud-based simulation, and optimization algorithms, as well as a new user interface that facilitates the setup of building parameters (decision variables) and performance fitness functions (design objectives) for automatically generating, evaluating, and optimizing multiple design options. This paper presents an integrated framework for building information modeling (BIM)-based performance optimization, BPOpt. This framework enables designers to explore design alternatives using an open-source, visual programming user interface on the top of a widely used BIM platform, to generate models of building design options, assess the environmental performance of the models through cloud-based simulation, and search for the most appropriate design alternatives. This paper details the process of the development of BPOpt and also provides a case study to show its application. The case study demonstrates the use of BPOpt in minimizing the energy consumption while maximizing the appropriate daylighting level for a residential building. Finally, strengths, limitations, current adoption by academia and industry, and future improvements of BPOpt for high-performance building design are discussed. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Building information modeling (BIM) Performance-based design Building performance optimization Multi-objective optimization Parametric modeling visual programming

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Designing DEVS visual interfaces for end-user programmers

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SIMULATION-TRANSACTIONS OF THE SOCIETY FOR MODELING AND SIMULATION INTERNATIONAL 2015年第8期91卷 715-734页

作者： Maleki, Maryam Woodbury, Robert Goldstein, Rhys Breslav, Simon Khan, Azam Simon Fraser Univ Sch Interact Arts & Technol Surrey BC V3T 0A3 Canada Autodesk Res Toronto ON Canada

Although the Discrete Event System specification (DEVS) has over recent decades provided systems engineers with a scalable approach to modeling and simulation, the formalism has seen little uptake in many other disciplines where it could be equally useful. Our observations of end-user programmers confronted with DEVS theory or software suggest that learning barriers are largely responsible for this lack of utilization. To address these barriers, we apply ideas from human-computer interaction to the design of visual interfaces intended to promote their users' effective knowledge of essential DEVS concepts. The first step is to propose a set of names that make these concepts easier to learn. We then design and provide rationale for visual interfaces for interacting with various elements of DEVS models and simulation runs. Both the names and interface designs are evaluated using the Cognitive Dimensions of Notations framework, which emphasizes trade-offs between 14 aspects of information artifacts. As a whole, this work illustrates a generally applicable design process for the development of interactive formalism-based simulation environments that are learnable and usable to those who are not experts in simulation formalisms.

关键词： Discrete-event simulation end-user programming visual programming cognitive dimensions

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Smart material interfaces for education

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JOURNAL OF visual LANGUAGES AND COMPUTING 2015年第PartB期31卷 267-274页

作者： Minuto, Andrea Pittarello, Fabio Nijholt, Anton Univ Twente HMI Grp NL-7500 AE Enschede Netherlands Univ Ca Foscari Venezia Venice Italy

This paper describes an experience, held with a class of primary school children, aimed to introduce a novel educational topic, the smart materials, and the interfaces built with them (Smart Material Interfaces). The pupils were guided along a multidisciplinary path in which traditional and innovative teaching methods were composed for educating while engaging the children. It led to the creation of 6 automated puppet plays focused on the themes of environmental awareness as a result. In this process, storytelling and visual programming acted as powerful means for merging different educational concepts and techniques. The data collected through the direct observation and the questionnaires indicate that the experience was perceived as positive and interesting. The post evaluation, held some months later, revealed skills and knowledge improvements in all the areas involved by the multidisciplinary experience. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Computer supported education Origami Smart material interface Scratch Storytelling visual programming

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Design of Dataflow

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NEXUS NETWORK JOURNAL 2015年第1期17卷 311-325页

作者： Yazar, Tugrul Istanbul Bilgi Univ Mimarlik Fak SantralIstanbul KD6 202 TR-34060 Istanbul Turkey

Design scripting is initially based on secondary syntactic mechanisms that control sequential executions of code. This model of computation, called control flow programming, was introduced to designers as the only way of creating algorithms. Dataflow represents a widespread alternative to control flow by utilizing concurrent streams of data. Dataflow programming languages are also considered to be pedagogical tools in fields where the coders are not expert computer programmers. In the last decade, new parametric modeling tools introduced this conception to design scripting, shifting its practical and educational foundations. Dataflow programming represents a promising platform for studying contemporary parametric modeling techniques in design, while architects and designers increasingly use it as their algorithmic sketchbooks. This paper describes a purpose to reflect this shift in design education, pursuing four pedagogical patterns derived from in-class experiments: "explication", "kit of components", "objectification", and "re-generation".

关键词： Design scripting Dataflow Pedagogical patterns Parametric modeling visual programming Design education

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An interactive geometry modeling and parametric design platform for isogeometric analysis

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COMPUTERS & MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS 2015年第7期70卷 1481-1500页

作者： Hsu, Ming-Chen Wang, Chenglong Herrema, Austin J. Schillinger, Dominik Ghoshal, Anindya Bazilevs, Yuri Iowa State Univ Dept Mech Engn Ames IA 50011 USA Univ Minnesota Dept Civil Engn Minneapolis MN 55455 USA US Army Res Lab Vehicle Technol Directorate Aberdeen Proving Ground MD 21005 USA Univ Calif San Diego Dept Struct Engn La Jolla CA 92093 USA

In this paper an interactive parametric design-through-analysis platform is proposed to help design engineers and analysts make more effective use of Isogeometric Analysis (IGA) to improve their product design and performance. We develop several Rhinoceros (Rhino) plug-ins to take input design parameters through a user-friendly interface, generate appropriate surface and/or volumetric models, perform mechanical analysis, and visualize the solution fields, all within the same Computer-Aided Design (CAD) program. As part of this effort we propose and implement graphical generative algorithms for IGA model creation and visualization based on Grasshopper, a visual programming interface to Rhino. The developed platform is demonstrated on two structural mechanics examples an actual wind turbine blade and a model of an integrally bladed rotor (IBR). In the latter example we demonstrate how the Rhino functionality may be utilized to create conforming volumetric models for IGA. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Isogeometric analysis NURBS and T-splines Parametric design Rhino and Grasshopper visual programming Graphical generative algorithms

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An Empirical Study of End-user Programmers in the Computer Music Community 12

An Empirical Study of End-user Programmers in the Computer M...

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12th Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories (MSR)

作者： Burlet, Gregory Hindle, Abram Univ Alberta Dept Comp Sci Edmonton AB Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9780769555942

Computer musicians are a community of end-user programmers who often use visual programming languages such as Max/MSP or Pure Data to realize their musical compositions. This research study conducts a multifaceted analysis of the software development practices of computer musicians when programming in these visual music-oriented languages. A statistical analysis of project metadata harvested from software repositories hosted on GitHub reveals that in comparison to the general population of software developers, computer musicians' repositories have less commits, less frequent commits, more commits on weekends, yet similar numbers of bug reports and similar numbers of contributing authors. Analysis of source code in these repositories reveals that the vast majority of code can be reconstructed from duplicate fragments. Finally, these results are corroborated by a survey of computer musicians and interviews with individuals in this end-user community. Based on this analysis and feedback from computer musicians we find that there are many avenues where software engineering can be applied to help aid this community of end-user programmers.

关键词： computer music end user visual programming

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Virtual commissioning of automated micro-optical assembly

Virtual commissioning of automated micro-optical assembly

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Conference on Components and Packaging for Laser Systems

作者： Schlette, Christian Losch, Daniel Haag, Sebastian Zontar, Daniel Rosmann, Juergen Brecher, Christian Rhein Westfal TH Aachen Inst Man Machine Interact MMI Aachen Germany Fraunhofer Inst Prod Technol IPT Aachen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781628414363

In this contribution, we present a novel approach to enable virtual commissioning for process developers in microoptical assembly. Our approach aims at supporting micro-optics experts to effectively develop assisted or fully automated assembly solutions without detailed prior experience in programming while at the same time enabling them to easily implement their own libraries of expert schemes and algorithms for handling optical components. Virtual commissioning is enabled by a 3D simulation and visualization system in which the functionalities and properties of automated systems are modeled, simulated and controlled based on multi-agent systems. For process development, our approach supports event-, state- and time-based visual programming techniques for the agents and allows for their kinematic motion simulation in combination with looped-in simulation results for the optical components. First results have been achieved for simply switching the agents to command the real hardware setup after successful process implementation and validation in the virtual environment. We evaluated and adapted our system to meet the requirements set by industrial partners laser manufacturers as well as hardware suppliers of assembly platforms. The concept is applied to the automated assembly of optical components for optically pumped semiconductor lasers and positioning of optical components for beam-shaping.

关键词： Micro-optical assembly virtual commissioning assembly simulation visual programming

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