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CiSE: A Circular Spring Embedder Layout Algorithm

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON visualization AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS 2013年第6期19卷 953-966页

作者： Dogrusoz, Ugur Belviranli, Mehmet E. Dilek, Alptug Bilkent Univ Dept Comp Engn TR-06800 Ankara Turkey Univ Calif Riverside Dept Comp Sci & Engn Riverside CA 92521 USA Sci & Technol Res Council Turkey TUBITAK BILGEM TR-06100 Ankara Turkey

We present a new algorithm for automatic layout of clustered graphs using a circular style. The algorithm tries to determine optimal location and orientation of individual clusters intrinsically within a modified spring embedder. Heuristics such as reversal of the order of nodes in a cluster and swap of neighboring node pairs in the same cluster are employed intermittently to further relax the spring embedder system, resulting in reduced inter-cluster edge crossings. Unlike other algorithms generating circular drawings, our algorithm does not require the quotient graph to be acyclic, nor does it sacrifice the edge crossing number of individual clusters to improve respective positioning of the clusters. Moreover, it reduces the total area required by a cluster by using the space inside the associated circle. Experimental results show that the execution time and quality of the produced drawings with respect to commonly accepted layout criteria are quite satisfactory, surpassing previous algorithms. The algorithm has also been successfully implemented and made publicly available as part of a compound and clustered graph editing and layout tool named CHISIO.

关键词： Information visualization visualization techniques and methodologies visualization systems and software graph algorithms algorithm design and analysis graph visualization graph drawing force-directed layout circular layout clustered graphs sequence alignment

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A Novel visualization Technique for Electric Power Grid Analytics

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON visualization AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS 2009年第3期15卷 410-423页

作者： Wong, Pak Chung Schneider, Kevin Mackey, Patrick Foote, Harlan Chin, George, Jr. Guttromson, Ross Thomas, Jim Pacific NW Natl Lab Richland WA 99352 USA

The application of information visualization holds tremendous promise for the electric power industry, but its potential has so far not been sufficiently exploited by the visualization community. Prior work on visualizing electric power systems has been limited to depicting raw or processed information on top of a geographic layout. Little effort has been devoted to visualizing the physics of the power grids, which ultimately determines the condition and stability of the electricity infrastructure. Based on this assessment, we developed a novel visualization system prototype, GreenGrid, to explore the planning and monitoring of the North American Electricity Infrastructure. This paper discusses the rationale underlying the GreenGrid design, describes its implementation and performance details, and assesses its strengths and weaknesses against the current geographic-based power grid visualization. We also present a case study using GreenGrid to analyze the information collected moments before the last major electric blackout in the Western United States and Canada and a usability study to evaluate the practical significance of our design in simulated real life situations. Our result indicates that many of the disturbance characteristics can be readily identified with the proper form of visualization.

关键词： Data and knowledge visualization information visualization visualization techniques and methodologies applications

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A Systematic Review of visualization in Building Information Modeling

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON visualization AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS 2020年第10期26卷 3109-3127页

作者： Ivson, Paulo Moreira, Andre Queiroz, Francisco Santos, Wallas Celes, Waldemar Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio de Janeiro Tecgraf Inst BR-22451900 Rio de Janeiro Brazil IBM Corp Armonk NY USA

Building Information Modeling (BIM) employs data-rich 3D CAD models for large-scale facility design, construction, and operation. These complex datasets contain a large amount and variety of information, ranging from design specifications to real-time sensor data. They are used by architects and engineers for various analysis and simulations throughout a facility's life cycle. Many techniques from different visualization fields could be used to analyze these data. However, the BIM domain still remains largely unexplored by the visualization community. The goal of this article is to encourage visualization researchers to increase their involvement with BIM. To this end, we present the results of a systematic review of visualization in current BIM practice. We use a novel taxonomy to identify main application areas and analyze commonly employed techniques. From this domain characterization, we highlight future research opportunities brought forth by the unique features of BIM. For instance, exploring the synergies between scientific and information visualization to integrate spatial and non-spatial data. We hope this article raises awareness to interesting new challenges the BIM domain brings to the visualization community.

关键词： visualization Solid modeling Data visualization Task analysis Taxonomy Systematics Computational modeling visualization techniques and methodologies information visualization computer-aided design building information modeling survey

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visualization of Spatiotemporal Behavior of Discrete Maps via Generation of Recursive Median Elements

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE 2010年第2期32卷 378-384页

作者： Sagar, B. S. Daya Indian Stat Inst Bangalore Ctr Syst Sci & Informat Unit Bangalore 560059 Karnataka India

Spatial interpolation is one of the demanding techniques in Geographic Information Science (GISci) to generate interpolated maps in a continuous manner by using two discrete spatial and/or temporal data sets. Noise-free data (thematic layers) depicting a specific theme at varied spatial or temporal resolutions consist of connected components either in aggregated or in disaggregated forms. This short paper provides a simple framework: 1) to categorize the connected components of layered sets of two different time instants through their spatial relationships and the Hausdorff distances between the companion-connected components and 2) to generate sequential maps (interpolations) between the discrete thematic maps. Development of the median set, using Hausdorff erosion and dilation distances to interpolate between temporal frames, is demonstrated on lake geometries mapped at two different times and also on the bubonic plague epidemic spread data available for 11 consecutive years. We documented the significantly fair quality of the median sets generated for epidemic data between alternative years by visually comparing the interpolated maps with actual maps. They can be used to visualize (animate) the spatiotemporal behavior of a specific theme in a continuous sequence.

关键词： GISci spatial interpolation mathematical morphology thematic maps dilation erosion interpolation formulas spatial databases and GIS cartography morphological image representation visualization techniques and methodologies geometrical problems and computations set theory

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Three-Dimensional Mean-Shift Edge Bundling for the visualization of Functional Connectivity in the Brain

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON visualization AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS 2014年第3期20卷 471-480页

作者： Boettger, Joachim Schaefer, Alexander Lohmann, Gabriele Villringer, Arno Margulies, Daniel S. Max Planck Inst Human Cognit & Brain Sci D-04103 Leipzig Germany

Functional connectivity, a flourishing new area of research in human neuroscience, carries a substantial challenge for visualization: while the end points of connectivity are known, the precise path between them is not. Although a large body of work already exists on the visualization of anatomical connectivity, the functional counterpart lacks similar development. To optimize the clarity of whole-brain and complex connectivity patterns in three-dimensional brain space, we develop mean-shift edge bundling, which reveals the multitude of connections as derived from correlations in the brain activity of cortical regions.

关键词： visualization applications information visualization visualization techniques and methodologies

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A Space-Filling visualization Technique for Multivariate Small-World Graphs

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON visualization AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS 2012年第5期18卷 797-809页

作者： Wong, Pak Chung Foote, Harlan Mackey, Patrick Chin, George Huang, Zhenyu Thomas, Jim Pacific NW Natl Lab Richland WA 99352 USA

We introduce an information visualization technique, known as GreenCurve, for large multivariate sparse graphs that exhibit small-world properties. Our fractal-based design approach uses spatial cues to approximate the node connections and thus eliminates the links between the nodes in the visualization. The paper describes a robust algorithm to order the neighboring nodes of a large sparse graph by solving the Fiedler vector of its graph Laplacian, and then fold the graph nodes into a space-filling fractal curve based on the Fiedler vector. The result is a highly compact visualization that gives a succinct overview of the graph with guaranteed visibility of every graph node. GreenCurve is designed with the power grid infrastructure in mind. It is intended for use in conjunction with other visualization techniques to support electric power grid operations. The research and development of GreenCurve was conducted in collaboration with domain experts who understand the challenges and possibilities intrinsic to the power grid infrastructure. The paper reports a case study on applying GreenCurve to a power grid problem and presents a usability study to evaluate the design claims that we set forth.

关键词： Data and knowledge visualization information visualization visualization techniques and methodologies

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The Topological Effects of Smoothing

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON visualization AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS 2012年第1期18卷 160-172页

作者： Shafii, Sohail Dillard, Scott E. Hlawitschka, Mario Hamann, Bernd Univ Calif Davis Dept Comp Sci Davis CA 95616 USA Pacific NW Natl Lab Richland WA 99352 USA Univ Leipzig Inst Informat Leipzig Germany

Scientific data sets generated by numerical simulations or experimental measurements often contain a substantial amount of noise. Smoothing the data removes noise but can have potentially drastic effects on the qualitative nature of the data, thereby influencing its characterization and visualization via topological analysis, for example. We propose a method to track topological changes throughout the smoothing process. As a preprocessing step, we oversmooth the data and collect a list of topological events, specifically the creation and destruction of extremal points. During rendering, it is possible to select the number of topological events by interactively manipulating a merging parameter. The result that a specific amount of smoothing has on the topology of the data is illustrated using a topology-derived transfer function that relates region connectivity of the smoothed data to the original regions of the unsmoothed data. This approach enables visual as well as quantitative analysis of the topological effects of smoothing.

关键词： Volume visualization visualization techniques and methodologies smoothing

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A transparently scalable visualization architecture for exploring the Universe

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON visualization AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS 2007年第1期13卷 108-121页

作者： Fu, Chi-Wing Hanson, Andrew J. Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol Dept Comp Sci & Engn Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China Indiana Univ Dept Comp Sci Bloomington IN 47405 USA

Modern astronomical instruments produce enormous amounts of three-dimensional data describing the physical Universe. The currently available data sets range from the solar system to nearby stars and portions of the Milky Way Galaxy, including the interstellar medium and some extrasolar planets, and extend out to include galaxies billions of light years away. Because of its gigantic scale and the fact that it is dominated by empty space, modeling and rendering the Universe is very different from modeling and rendering ordinary three-dimensional virtual worlds at human scales. Our purpose is to introduce a comprehensive approach to an architecture solving this visualization problem that encompasses the entire Universe while seeking to be as scale-neutral as possible. One key element is the representation of model-rendering procedures using power scaled coordinates (PSC), along with various PSC-based techniques that we have devised to generalize and optimize the conventional graphics framework to the scale domains of astronomical visualization. Employing this architecture, we have developed an assortment of scale-independent modeling and rendering methods for a large variety of astronomical models, and have demonstrated scale-insensitive interactive visualizations of the physical Universe covering scales ranging from human scale to the Earth, to the solar system, to the Milky Way Galaxy, and to the entire observable Universe.

关键词： visualization techniques and methodologies visualization systems and software astronomy virtual reality

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Datamap visualization Technique for Interactively Visualizing Large Datasets 13

Datamap Visualization Technique for Interactively Visualizin...

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17th International Academic MindTrek Conference on Making Sense of Converging Media

作者： Nykanen, Ossi Tampere Univ Technol Dept Math POB 553 FIN-33101 Tampere Finland

ISBN: (纸本)9781450319928

This article describes the novel datamap visualization technique which enables visualizing large datasets interactively and fairly, inspired by geographic maps and microscopes. The main contributions include introducing the datamap metaphor and datamap visualization architecture, specifying efficient methods of approximate rendering, and illustrating the basic concepts in terms of example applications.

关键词： Data and knowledge visualization Interactive data exploration and discovery visualization techniques and methodologies Datamap visualization

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Output-sensitive 3D line integral convolution

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON visualization AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS 2008年第4期14卷 820-834页

作者： Falk, Martin Weiskopf, Daniel Univ Stuttgart Visualizat Res Ctr VISUS D-70569 Stuttgart Germany

We propose a largely output- sensitive visualization method for 3D line integral convolution ( LIC) whose rendering speed is mainly independent of the data set size and mostly governed by the complexity of the output on the image plane. Our approach of view- dependent visualization tightly links the LIC generation with the volume rendering of the LIC result in order to avoid the computation of unnecessary LIC points: early- ray termination and empty- space leaping techniques are used to skip the computation of the LIC integral in a lazy- evaluation approach;both ray casting and texture slicing can be used as volume- rendering techniques. The input noise is modeled in object space to allow for temporal coherence under object and camera motion. Different noise models are discussed, covering dense representations based on filtered white noise all the way to sparse representations similar to oriented LIC. Aliasing artifacts are avoided by frequency control over the 3D noise and by employing a 3D variant of MIP mapping. A range of illumination models is applied to the LIC streamlines: different codimension- 2 lighting models and a novel gradient- based illumination model that relies on precomputed gradients and does not require any direct calculation of gradients after the LIC integral is evaluated. We discuss the issue of proper sampling of the LIC and volume- rendering integrals by employing a frequency- space analysis of the noise model and the precomputed gradients. Finally, we demonstrate that our visualization approach lends itself to a fast graphics processing unit ( GPU) implementation that supports both steady and unsteady flow. Therefore, this 3D LIC method allows users to interactively explore 3D flow by means of high- quality, view- dependent, and adaptive LIC volume visualization. Applications to flow visualization in combination with feature extraction and focus- and- context visualization are described, a comparison to previous methods is provided, and a d

关键词： flow visualization visualization techniques and methodologies three-dimensional graphics and realism line integral convolution texture-based vector field visualization 3D flow streamline illumination noise models GPU programming

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