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22nd International Conference on Neural Information Processing (ICONIP)

作者： Yamane, Toshiyuki Katayama, Yasunao Nakane, Ryosho Tanaka, Gouhei Nakano, Daiju IBM Res Tokyo Kawasaki Kanagawa 2120032 Japan Univ Tokyo Grad Sch Engn Tokyo 1138656 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9783319265551;9783319265544

We propose wave-based computing based on coupled oscillators to avoid the inter-connection bottleneck in large scale and densely integrated cognitive systems. In addition, we introduce the concept of reservoir computing to coupled oscillator systems for non-conventional physical implementation and reduction of the training cost of large and dense cognitive systems. We show that functional approximation and regression can be efficiently performed by synchronization of coupled oscillators and subsequent simple readouts.

关键词： wave-based computing Inter-connection bottleneck Learning bottleneck Reservoir computing Synchronization Coupled oscillators

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On the Efficient Design of Stacked Intelligent Metasurfaces for Secure SISO Transmission

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION FORENSICS AND SECURITY 2025年 20卷 60-70页

作者： Niu, Hong Lei, Xia An, Jiancheng Zhang, Lechen Yuen, Chau Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Natl Key Lab Wireless Commun Chengdu 611731 Peoples R China Nanyang Technol Univ Sch Elect & Elect Engn Singapore 639798 Singapore

Recently, stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIMs) have aroused widespread discussions as an innovative technology for directly processing electromagnetic (EM) wave signals. By stacking multiple programmable metasurface layers, an SIM has the ability to provide additional spatial degrees of freedom without the introduction of expensive radio-frequency chains, which may outperform reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) with single-layer structures. For the sake of alleviating information leakage risks in wireless communications, artificial noise (AN) has arisen as a physical-layer security technology with severe hardware constraints, which is impracticable in single-input single-output (SISO) systems. Therefore, we deploy an SIM at the transmitter (Alice) to accomplish joint modulation, beamforming, and AN in SISO systems. As such, an artificial neural network structured SIM aims to convert an input carrier signal into a desired output signal. Subsequently, we formulate the fitting problem between the actual output signal and the desired signal. Moreover, we introduce a regularization parameter to improve the energy efficiency. In order to tackle this resultant non-convex problem, we provide an alternating optimization algorithm to iteratively determine each variable. For the sake of reducing the computational complexity, we derive closed-form expressions for each phase shift and transmit power. Furthermore, we theoretically analyze the secrecy rate and computational complexity. By considering the signal deviation introduced by SIM, we derive upper and lower bounds of the secrecy rate to provide fundamental insights. Finally, simulation results demonstrate that the SIM-aided SISO system is capable of realizing secure communications efficiently, while the introduced power regularization parameter saved over 2 dB transmit power for a 5-layer SIM without amplifying the fitting error.

关键词： Metasurfaces Radio frequency Security Vectors Surface waves Simulation Propagation losses Periodic structures Noise Modulation Stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIMs) single-input single-output (SISO) artificial noise (AN) reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) energy efficiency wave-based computing

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Complex Matrix Equation Solver based on Computational Metasurface

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ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2024年第11期34卷 2310234-2310234页

作者： Yang, Han Qing Wu, Jun Wei Shao, Rui Wen Wang, Zheng Xing Xu, Hui Gao, Yuan Cheng, Qiang Cui, Tie Jun Southeast Univ Inst Electromagnet Space Nanjing 210096 Peoples R China Southeast Univ State Key Lab Millimeter Waves Nanjing 210096 Peoples R China Peng Cheng Lab Shenzhen 518055 Guangdong Peoples R China Pazhou Lab Huangpu Guangzhou 510555 Guangdong Peoples R China

With the increasing demands for computing powers, wave-based computation has attracted researcher's attention due to its inherent high speed. Metasurfaces have flexible and powerful capabilities to manipulate electromagnetic waves and are good candidates for building a next-generation of wave-based computers. In this work, a computational-metasurface-based equation solver that yields real-time solutions to arbitrary complex matrix equations (CME) in the form of K center dot x + c = 0 is proposed. Full-wave simulations and experimental measurements are conducted to verify the functionality of the proposed solver. This work serves to provide a promising technique to overcome some shortcomings of the existing designs and lays the first stone of the bridge toward programmable wave-space computers. A computational-metasurface-based equation solver is proposed. It deals with complex matrix equations at quasi-light speed and yields the solution in real time. This work serves to provide a promising technique to overcome some shortcomings in existing designs and lays the first stone of the bridge toward programmable wave-space ***

关键词： computational metasurface linear equation solver wave-based computing

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Stacked Intelligent Metasurfaces for Efficient Holographic MIMO Communications in 6G

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IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS 2023年第8期41卷 2380-2396页

作者： An, Jiancheng Xu, Chao Ng, Derrick Wing Kwan Alexandropoulos, George C. Huang, Chongwen Yuen, Chau Hanzo, Lajos Singapore Univ Technol & Design SUTD Engn Prod Dev EPD Pillar Singapore 487372 Singapore Univ Southampton Sch Elect & Comp Sci Southampton SO17 1BJ England Univ New South Wales UNSW Sch Elect Engn & Telecommun Sydney NSW 2052 Australia Natl & Kapodistrian Univ Athens Dept Informat & Telecommun Athens 15784 Greece Zhejiang Univ Coll Informat Sci & Elect Engn Hangzhou 310027 Peoples R China Xidian Univ State Key Lab Integrated Serv Networks Xian 710071 Peoples R China Zhejiang Singapore Innovat & AI Joint Res Lab Hangzhou 310027 Zhejiang Peoples R China Zhejiang Prov Key Lab Informat Proc Commun & Netwo Hangzhou 310027 Peoples R China Nanyang Technol Univ Sch Elect & Elect Engn Singapore 639798 Singapore

A revolutionary technology relying on Stacked Intelligent Metasurfaces (SIM) is capable of carrying out advanced signal processing directly in the native electromagnetic (EM) wave regime. An SIM is fabricated by a sophisticated amalgam of multiple stacked metasurface layers, which may outperform its single-layer metasurface counterparts, such as reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) and metasurface lenses. We harness this new SIM for implementing holographic multiple-input multiple-output (HMIMO) communications without requiring excessive radio-frequency (RF) chains, which is a substantial benefit compared to existing implementations. First of all, we propose an HMIMO communication system based on a pair of SIM at the transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX), respectively. In sharp contrast to the conventional MIMO designs, SIM is capable of automatically accomplishing transmit precoding and receiver combining, as the EM waves propagate through them. As such, each spatial stream can be directly radiated and recovered from the corresponding transmit and receive port. Secondly, we formulate the problem of minimizing the error between the actual end-to-end channel matrix and the target diagonal one, representing a flawless interference-free system of parallel subchannels. This is achieved by jointly optimizing the phase shifts associated with all the metasurface layers of both the TX-SIM and RX-SIM. We then design a gradient descent algorithm to solve the resultant non-convex problem. Furthermore, we theoretically analyze the HMIMO channel capacity bound and provide some fundamental insights. Finally, extensive simulation results are provided for characterizing our SIM-aided HMIMO system, which quantifies its substantial performance benefits, e.g., 150% capacity improvement over both conventional MIMO and its RIS-aided counterparts.

关键词： Stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIM) holo-graphic MIMO (HMIMO) reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) 3D integrated metasurfaces wave-based computing

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Stacked Intelligent Metasurfaces for Fully-Analog Wideband Beamforming Design

Stacked Intelligent Metasurfaces for Fully-Analog Wideband B...

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IEEE VTS Asia Pacific Wireless Communications Symposium (APWCS)

作者： Li, Zheao An, Jiancheng Yuen, Chau Nanyang Technol Univ Sch Elect & Elect Engn Singapore 639798 Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9798350361711;9798350361704

As next-generation wireless networks evolve, the need for higher bandwidth and improved communication efficiency becomes increasingly critical. Stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIM) have emerged as a pivotal technology for enhancing wideband communications due to the multi-layer programmable structure. This paper presents a novel approach using SIM for fully-analog wideband beamforming, which optimizes performance across a wide frequency range while maintaining analog simplicity. By determining SIM configurations, this paper evaluates their influence on various system parameters such as spacing bandwidth, the number of sub-carriers, and the transmission bandwidth. Results demonstrate significant improvements in channel capacity compared to the previous SIM-assisted methods used for narrowband applications, highlighting both the potential and limitations of frequency-specific optimizations in SIM applications.

关键词： SIM fully-analog wideband communication 3D integrated metasurfaces wave-based computing

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DRL-based Orchestration of Multi-User MISO Systems with Stacked Intelligent Metasurfaces 59

DRL-Based Orchestration of Multi-User MISO Systems with Stac...

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59th Annual IEEE International Conference on Communications (IEEE ICC)

作者： Liu, Hao An, Jiancheng Ng, Derrick Wing Kwan Alexandropoulos, George C. Gan, Lu Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Sch Informat & Commun Engn Chengdu 611731 Sichuan Peoples R China Nanyang Technol Univ Sch Elect & Elect Engn Singapore 639798 Singapore Univ New South Wales Sch Elect Engn & Telecommun Sydney NSW 2052 Australia Natl & Kapodistrian Univ Athens Dept Informat & Telecommun Athens 15784 Greece

ISBN: (纸本)9781728190549

Stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIM) represents an advanced signal processing paradigm that enables over-the-air processing of electromagnetic waves at the speed of light. Its multi-layer structure exhibits customizable increased computational capability compared to conventional single-layer reconfigurable intelligent surfaces and metasurface lenses. In this paper, we deploy SIM to improve the performance of multi-user multiple-input single-output (MISO) wireless systems with low complexity transmit radio frequency (RF) chains. In particular, an optimization formulation for the joint design of the SIM phase shifts and the transmit power allocation is presented, which is efficiently solved via a customized deep reinforcement learning (DRL) approach that continuously observes pre-designed states of the SIM-parametrized smart wireless environment. The presented performance evaluation results showcase the proposed method's capability to effectively learn from the wireless environment while outperforming conventional precoding schemes under low transmit power conditions. Finally, a whitening process is presented to further augment the robustness of the proposed scheme.

关键词： Stacked intelligent metasurface reconfigurable intelligent surface wave-based computing deep reinforcement learning interference cancellation

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Stacked Intelligent Metasurface Performs a 2D DFT in the wave Domain for DOA Estimation 59

Stacked Intelligent Metasurface Performs a 2D DFT in the Wav...

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59th Annual IEEE International Conference on Communications (IEEE ICC)

作者： An, Jiancheng Yuen, Chau Guan, Yong Liang Di Renzo, Marco Debbah, Merouane Poor, H. Vincent Hanzo, Lajos Nanyang Technol Univ Sch Elect & Elect Engn Singapore 639798 Singapore Univ Paris Saclay CentraleSupelec Lab Signaux & Syst CNRS F-91192 Gif Sur Yvette France Khalifa Univ Sci & Technol Ctr Technol 6G POB 127788 Abu Dhabi U Arab Emirates Princeton Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Princeton NJ 08544 USA Univ Southampton Sch Elect & Comp Sci Southampton SO17 1BJ Hants England

ISBN: (纸本)9781728190549

Staked intelligent metasurface (SIM) based techniques are developed to perform two-dimensional (2D) direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation. In contrast to conventional designs, an advanced SIM in front of a receiver array automatically performs the 2D discrete Fourier transform (DFT) as the incident waves propagate through it. To arrange for the SIM to carry out this task, we design a gradient descent algorithm for iteratively updating the phase shift of each meta-atom in the SIM to minimize the fitting error between the SIM's response and the 2D DFT matrix. To further improve the DOA estimation accuracy, we configure the phase shifts in the input layer of the SIM to generate a set of 2D DFT matrices having orthogonal spatial frequency bins. Extensive numerical simulations verify the capability of a well-trained SIM to perform the 2D DFT. Specifically, it is demonstrated that a SIM having an optical computational speed achieves an MSE of 10(-4) in 2D DOA estimation.

关键词： Stacked intelligent metasurface (SIM) direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation reconfigurable intelligent surface wave-based computing

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Amplitude-Controlled Electromagnetic Pulse Switching Using waveguide Junctions for High-Speed computing Processes

ADVANCED INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS

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ADVANCED INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS 2022年第12期4卷

作者： MacDonald, Ross Glyn Yakovlev, Alex Pacheco-Pena, Victor Newcastle Univ Sch Math Stat & Phys Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU Tyne & Wear England Newcastle Univ Sch Engn Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU Tyne & Wear England

Performing computational tasks with wave-based devices is becoming a groundbreaking paradigm that can open new opportunities for the next generation of efficient analogue/digital computing systems. Decision-making process for switching and routing of signals is fundamental for computing as it enables the transfer of information from one to many (or single) blocks within a system. Herein, a technique is proposed for the design of pulse-based switching devices for the computing of fundamental decision-making processes. Information is encoded from multiple channels as transverse electromagnetic (TEM) pulses of varying amplitudes and polarities propagating through interconnected parallel plate waveguides modeled as simple transmission lines. An in-depth description of the technique is presented showing how switching and routing of information can be engineered by exploiting the linear splitting and superposition of multiple pulses traveling through waveguide junctions. To demonstrate the potential of the technique, two devices are developed: a comparator which can calculate the largest value between two real-valued numbers and a pulse director which exploits the reciprocity of waveguide junctions to create a similar yet different performance of a traditional AND gate (emulating its performance via the analogue linear system). These findings may open new pathways for high-speed electromagnetic pulse-based computing systems.

关键词： decision-making processes pulse switching transmission lines wave-based computing

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Periodic and Aperiodic NiFe Nanomagnet/Ferrimagnet Hybrid Structures for 2D Magnon Steering and Interferometry with High Extinction Ratio

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ADVANCED MATERIALS 2023年第31期35卷 2301087-2301087页

作者： Watanabe, Sho Bhat, Vinayak S. Mucchietto, Andrea Dayi, Elif N. Shan, Shixuan Grundler, Dirk Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne EPFL Inst Mat Sch Engn Lab Nanoscale Magnet Mat & Magnon CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland Polish Acad Sci Inst Phys Int Res Ctr MagTop PL-02668 Warsaw Poland Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne Inst Elect & Micro Engn Sch Engn CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland

Magnons, quanta of spin waves, are known to enable information processing with low power consumption at the nanoscale. So far, however, experimentally realized half-adders, wave-logic, and binary output operations are based on few & mu;m-long spin waves and restricted to one spatial direction. Here, magnons with wavelengths & lambda;down to 50 nm in ferrimagnetic Y3Fe5O12 below 2D lattices of periodic and aperiodic ferromagnetic nanopillars are explored. Due to their high rotational symmetries and engineered magnetic resonances, the lattices allow short-wave magnons to propagate in arbitrarily chosen on-chip directions when excited by conventional coplanar waveguides. Performing interferometry with magnons over macroscopic distances of 350 x & lambda;without loss of coherency, unprecedentedly high extinction ratios of up to 26 (& PLUSMN;8) dB [31 (& PLUSMN;2) dB] for a binary 1/0 output operation at & lambda;= 69 nm (& lambda;= 154 nm) are achieved in this work. The reported findings and design criteria for 2D magnon interferometry are particularly important in view of the realization of complex neuronal networks recently proposed for interfering spin waves underneath nanomagnets.

关键词： magnon interferometry magnon steering magnonic crystals wave-based computing yttrium iron garnet

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