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zero-sequence voltage injection for DC Capacitor voltage Balancing Control of the Star-Connected Cascaded H-Bridge PWM Converter Under Unbalanced Grid

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS 2015年第6期51卷 4584-4594页

作者： Chen, Hsin-Chih Wu, Ping-Heng Lee, Chia-Tse Wang, Ching-Wei Yang, Ching-Hsiang Cheng, Po-Tai Natl Tsing Hua Univ Dept Elect Engn Ctr Adv Power Technol Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan Delta Elect Taipei 11491 Taiwan

This paper presents a dc capacitor voltage balancing control method for the star-connected cascaded H-bridge pulsewidth modulation converter in the static synchronous compensator applications. With the zero-sequence voltage injection as a basis for dc capacitors voltage balancing, this paper investigates the detailed power flow of the converter as a whole and within individual modules under unbalanced grid voltages and then proposes a method to control the reactive power output and the dc capacitors voltage by precisely managing the power flow. This approach enhances the low-voltage ride-through capability, which is very critical as the penetration of distributed energy resources grows rapidly. The proposed control method is verified by a scaled-down prototype in the laboratory.

关键词： Capacitor voltage balancing control low-voltage ride through (LVRT) modular multilevel cascaded converter pulsewidth modulation (PWM) cascaded converter static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) zero-sequence voltage injection

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Simplified Cluster voltage Balancing Control Based on zero-sequence voltage injection for Star-connected Cascaded H-bridge STATCOM

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第5期10卷 2255-2264页

作者： Kai Hu Guoliang Zhao Daorong Lu Zhengang Lu Nianwen Xiang Shulai Wang Jintian Lin School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Hefei University of TechnologyHefei 230009China School of Electrical and Automation Engineering Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China State Grid Smart Grid Research Institute(SGRI) Beijing 102209China Power grid Technology Center of State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Research Institute Hangzhou 310004China

The cluster DC voltage balancing control adopting zero-sequence voltage injection is appropriate for the starconnected cascaded H-bridge STATCOM because no zerosequence currents are generated in the three-phase three-wire ***,as the zero-sequence voltage is expressed in trigonometric form,traditional control methods involve many complicated operations,such as the square-root,trigonometric operations,and inverse tangent *** simplify cluster voltage balancing control,this paper converts the zero-sequence voltage to the dq frame in a DC representation by introducing a virtually orthogonal variable,and the DC components of the zero-sequence voltage in the dq frame are regulated linearly by proportional integral regulators,rather than being calculated from uneven active powers in traditional *** removes all complicated ***,this paper presents simulation and experimental results for a 400 V±7.5 kvar star-connected STATCOM,in balanced and unbalanced scenarios,thereby verifying the effectiveness of the proposed control.

关键词： Cluster DC voltage balancing control DC representation of zero-sequence voltage star-connected cascaded H-bridge STATCOM zero-sequence voltage injection

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A Simple zero-sequence voltage injection Method for Carrier-Based Pulsewidth Modulation of the Three-Level NPC Inverter

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IEEE JOURNAL OF EMERGING AND SELECTED TOPICS IN POWER ELECTRONICS 2021年第4期9卷 4687-4699页

作者： Chen, Fa Qiao, Wei Wang, Hongmei Qu, Liyan Maxim Integrated Chandler AZ 85225 USA Univ Nebraska Dept Elect & Comp Engn Power & Energy Syst Lab Lincoln NE 68588 USA

This article proposes a simple zero-sequence voltagei injection method for the carrier-based pulsewidth modulation (CBPWM) of the three-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) inverter. The injected zero-sequence voltage signal is simply determined by comparing the three reference voltage signals and the dc-link capacitor voltages, respectively. Theoretical analyses show that the CBPWM with the proposed method can balance the dc-link capacitor voltages and eliminate/reduce the ripples of the dc-link capacitor voltages of the NPC inverter. Compared with other CBPWM schemes, the CBPWM with the proposed method has lower computation cost, does not need the information of the three-phase currents, and can reduce the switching loss of the NPC inverter. The CBPWM with the proposed zero-sequence voltage injection method and its superiority is validated experimentally in comparison with existing CBPWM schemes. The proposed method works in both inverter and rectifier modes, which is validated by simulation results.

关键词： Inverters Capacitors Switches voltage control Pulse width modulation Carrier-based pulsewidth modulation (CBPWM) neutral-point-clamped (NPC) inverter three-level inverter voltage balance zero-sequence voltage injection

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Fault-Tolerant Strategy for Modular Multilevel Converters With Combined zero-sequence voltage injection

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS 2024年第7期39卷 8101-8113页

作者： Li, Mengwei Jiang, Xiangyu Chen, Canfeng Zhang, Kai Xiong, Jian Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Sch Elect & Elect Engn Dept Appl Elect Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China

This article proposes a novel fault-tolerant strategy for the operation of modular multilevel converters after submodule (SM) faults, which combines dc injection, neutral shift (NS), and balanced zero-sequence voltage injection (BZVI). A new method to calculate the injected zero-sequence voltage is proposed, which greatly simplifies the calculation of the dc injection and enables the combination of BZVI with NS. The resulted strategy has stronger fault-tolerant capability than previous ones: First, it increases the maximum redundancy limit of SM faults under which it is unnecessary to decrease the line voltages. Second, it can achieve higher, balanced line voltages when faulty SMs exceed the above maximum redundancy limit. The proposed strategy also has the advantages of online implementation, optimal three-phase balance ability, and self-limiting of the phase with maximum phase output capacity.

关键词： Fault-tolerant operation modular multilevel converter phase output capacity (POC) zero-sequence voltage injection

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A Carrier-Based Two-Phase-Clamped DPWM Strategy With zero-sequence voltage injection for Three-Phase Quasi-Two-Stage Buck-Type Rectifiers

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS 2022年第5期37卷 5196-5211页

作者： Xu, Junzhong Soeiro, Thiago Batista Wu, Yang Gao, Fei Wang, Yong Tang, Houjun Bauer, Pavol Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Minist Educ Key Lab Control Power Transmiss & Convers Shanghai 200240 Peoples R China Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Dept Elect Engn Shanghai 200240 Peoples R China Delft Univ Technol Dept Elect Sustainable Energy DC Syst Energy Convers & Storage Grp NL-2628 CD Delft Netherlands

A three-phase buck-type rectifier features a step-down ac-dc conversion function, which is considered as a prominent solution for electric vehicle chargers and telecommunication systems integrated to the grid above 380 V line to line. However, traditional solutions for those applications employ cascaded architectures with an ac-dc boost-type stage and a dc-dc buck-type stage, which may suffer from high switching losses and large dc-link capacitor volume. To relieve this issue, a straightforward carrier-based two-phase-clamped discontinuous pulsewidth modulation (DPWM) strategy with generalized zero-sequence voltage injection is proposed in this article for the commonly employed cascaded circuit. This method can stop the switching actions in the front-end stage during two-third of the grid period, which can yield to the best switching loss reduction. The operations of the front- and back-end converter stages become highly coupled to each other, which reduces the size requirement of the capacitor in the dc link. Therefore, the equivalent circuit behaves as a quasi-two-stage buck-type rectifier allowing an enhancement of the system power density by improving power conversion efficiency and by reducing the volume of passive components and heat sink. The proposed carrier-based two-phase-clamped DPWM strategy is described, analyzed, validated, and compared with different pulsewidth modulation methods on PLECS-based simulation and a 5-kW prototype.

关键词： voltage Pulse width modulation Phase modulation Switches Switching loss voltage control Capacitors Buck-type rectifier carrier-based discontinuous pulsewidth modulation (DPWM) zero-sequence voltage injection

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Influence of Digital Delay on the zero-sequence voltage injection Neutral-Point Potential Balance Algorithm for Three-level NPC Inverters and Its Compensation Method

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IEEE ACCESS 2019年 7卷 71593-71606页

作者： Zhou, Xingda Lu, Shuai Chongqing Univ Dept Elect Engn Chongqing 400044 Peoples R China

Three-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) inverters need to ensure the balance of the neutral-point (NP) potential during operation. The zero-sequence voltage injection balance algorithms based on the carrier-based pulse width modulation (CBPWM) have been proposed in many papers and proved to be effective in controlling the NP potential. In industrial applications, the algorithms are mostly implemented by digital controllers, which have inherent computation digital delay. However, there is little attention to how the digital delay influences the balance algorithms. In this paper, the influence of the digital delay on the zero-sequence voltage injection balance algorithm has been studied in detail. It is found that the digital delay causes a fluctuation of the NP potential. The frequency of the fluctuation is 1/6 control frequency, and the amplitude of the fluctuation is related to the control frequency, the modulation index, the output current, and the dc-side capacitance. Furthermore, in order to eliminate the NP potential fluctuation caused by the digital delay, a digital delay compensation method is proposed in this paper. The correctness of the theoretical analysis and the effectiveness of the compensation method have been verified by the simulation and experiment results.

关键词： Balance algorithm digital delay compensation neutral-point potential three-level inverter zero-sequence voltage injection

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zero-sequence voltage injection Method for DC Capacitor voltage Balancing of Wye-Connected CHB Converter under Unbalanced Grid and Load Conditions

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ENERGIES 2021年第4期14卷 1019页

作者： Kim, Jae-Myeong Song, Geum-Seop Jung, Jae-Jung Kyungpook Natl Univ IT Coll Sch Elect & Elect Engn Daegu 41566 South Korea

Leg capacitor energy balancing control is one of the crucial issues for stable operation of a cascaded H-bridge (CHB) converter. Because this topology inherently consists of numerous submodule cells with DC capacitors, the cell voltages and leg capacitor energy instantaneously fluctuate depending on operation sequence of the CHB converter. In general, a wye-connected CHB-converter-based static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) utilizes a zero-sequence voltage component for leg capacitor energy balancing. In this paper, to improve the dynamics of leg energy balancing control, a feedforward calculation method of the zero-sequence voltage injection is proposed. The feedforward term can be instantaneously calculated by using the information from the measured leg voltages and leg currents, and the method ensures successful regulation of the leg energy balance even under unbalanced grid and load conditions. Moreover, the verification of the proposed method is supported by the mathematical vector theorems. A 50MVA full-scale wye-connected CHB-STATCOM system simulation was performed to verify the proposed feedforward calculation method considering unbalanced grid as well as unbalanced load conditions.

关键词： cascaded H-Bridge (CHB) converter feedforward calculation grid imbalance leg energy balancing load imbalance static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) zero-sequence voltage injection

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A zero-sequence voltage injection Control Scheme for Modular Multilevel Converter Under Submodule Failure

A Zero-sequence Voltage Injection Control Scheme for Modular...

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8th Annual IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)

作者： Li, Jinke Wu, Xuezhi Yao, Xiuyuan Jing, Long Jin, Xinmin Wu, Wen Wang, Xiaoxing Wang, Shuai Beijing Jiaotong Univ Natl Act Distribut Network Technol Res Ctr NANTEC Beijing Peoples R China China Elect Power Res Inst Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781509007370

In this paper, a modulation strategy based on zero-sequence voltage injection is proposed for module multilevel converter (MMC). By the proposed method, the remaining capacitor voltages not vary and the line-to-line voltages are balanced. This method is easy to be implemented by adjusting the voltage injection coefficient when SM fault occurs. The coefficient of injected zero-sequence voltage is designed by the number and position of the fault submodules (SMs) and the fault-tolerant capability of this method are also discussed. The effectiveness and advantages of proposed method are confirmed with simulation and experiment.

关键词： modular multilevel converter zero-sequence voltage injection submodule fault fault-tolerant capability

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Synchronous SVPWM Over-modulation Method Based on zero-sequence voltage injection in Locomotive Traction 18

Synchronous SVPWM Over-modulation Method Based on Zero-Seque...

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18th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE)

作者： Li, Guibin Zheng, Zedong Li, Yongdong Wang, Zhiguo Xinjiang Univ Dept Elect Engn Urumqi 830046 Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ State Key Lab Power Syst Beijing 100084 Peoples R China Acad Armored Force Engn Dept Control Engn Beijing 100084 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9789075815245

High speed motor control is a key technology in the locomotive traction system. Because of the limitation of the switching frequency and voltage level in high power inverter, modulation method with high voltage utilization ratio and lower low-frequency harmonics is necessary. In this paper, a novel PWM method equivalent with the traditional SVPWM method is proposed, which is realized by the comparison of zero-sequence voltage injected modulation wave and carrier-waves. The over-modulation and smooth transition to six-step square wave modulation was realized by the adjustment of the modulation wave. Moreover, the synchronous modulation can be applied to reduce low-frequency harmonics by the adjustment of the carrier-wave frequency. The corresponding motor control method including flux-weakening control and current open-loop control are also proposed in coordination with the modulation method. The validity of the proposed method has been verified by both simulation in MATLAB and experiments on an industrial 160kW, 750V experimental platform.

关键词： Locomotive traction SVPWM over-modulation Low switching frequency zero-sequence voltage injection Synchronous optimal pulse width modulation

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A Simple zero-sequence voltage injection Method to balance the Neutral-Point Potential for Three-level NPC Inverters 33

A Simple Zero-Sequence Voltage Injection Method to balance t...

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33nd Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)

作者： Zhou, Xingda Lu, Shuai Chongqing Univ Sch Elect Engn Chongqing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781538611807

The neutral-point (NP) potential balance should be maintained during the three-level neural-point-clamped (NPC) inverter operating. zero-sequence voltage injection methods based on carrier-based pulse width modulation (PWM) have been proven to be effective in controlling the NP potential. This paper proposes a simple algorithm of calculating the zero sequence voltage. Compared with conventional methods, the proposed algorithm simplifies the computational process of the zero-sequence voltage and saves more digital signal processor (DSP) computing resource without sacrificing accuracy. Discrete simulation results are shown in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. A 3 kW three-level grid-tied inerter has been built to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm experimentally.

关键词： Three-level NPC inverters zero-sequence voltage injection NP potential balance

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