This study identified the determinants of hiking tourism demands to bridge the gap resulting from the absence of evidence in the tourism literature. The main survey was administered through personal interviews with hi...
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This study identified the determinants of hiking tourism demands to bridge the gap resulting from the absence of evidence in the tourism literature. The main survey was administered through personal interviews with hikers on the Jeju Olle hiking trail in South Korea. The study adopted zero-truncated negative binomial regression analysis to estimate accurately the demands of hikers who have visited the trail at least once. The results indicated that the frequency of visits to the trail decreases by 49% when hikers set a premium on their tour experience of one unit. The visit frequency of tourists who value recreation on the trail was 1.8 times higher than that of tourists who do not. The results will assist trail authorities in allocating budgets, prioritizing the improvement and maintenance of facilities and services, and providing tailored services and facilities to hikers.
Traffic accidents involving pedestrians and drivers pose significant public health and safety *** the differential influences of road physical design attributes on crash frequencies for these two groups is critical fo...
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Traffic accidents involving pedestrians and drivers pose significant public health and safety *** the differential influences of road physical design attributes on crash frequencies for these two groups is critical for developing targeted safety *** that the zero-truncated characteristic of the data is uncertain,the results of the zero-truncatednegativebinomial models and traditional negativebinomial models are calculated to seek the better *** result revealed that the road surface conditions and vertical and horizontal curvature have greater influence on both pedestrian and driver compared to number of lanes and speed *** speed limits were more pronounced for pedestrian crash frequency than driver ***,the effect of different types of intersections was stronger for driver crash *** differential influences of road physical design attributes on traffic crash frequencies for pedestrians versus drivers highlight the importance of adopting a user-centric approach to transportation safety planning and infrastructure *** interventions to address the unique needs and vulnerabilities of different road user groups can lead to more effective safety improvements and better overall traffic safety outcomes.
The Chinese government has often been suspected of excessively intervening in the market. The reform of "Streamline Administration and Delegate Power, Improve Regulation, and Optimize Services" (RSDO) is a k...
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The Chinese government has often been suspected of excessively intervening in the market. The reform of "Streamline Administration and Delegate Power, Improve Regulation, and Optimize Services" (RSDO) is a key initiative by the Chinese government to help enterprises improve their international competitive advantage through institutional reforms. Few studies have empirically tested the effects of RSDO on enterprises' export diversification. Using the data of 2141 wood-processing enterprises (WPEs) in China in 2014, this study applies zero-truncated negative binomial regression and the Tobit model to evaluate the effects of prefecture-level RSDO on enterprises' export product and market diversification. The results show that the RSDO can enhance WPEs' export product diversification without significantly impacting export market diversification. Regarding specific indicators, the reforms of "Streamline Administration and Delegate Power" and "Improve Regulation" significantly positively affect export product and market diversification. In contrast, the optimization of government services shows no significant impact. Heterogeneity tests show that the RSDO promotes export diversification in wooden products and furniture manufacturing enterprises, smaller enterprises, domestic enterprises, and those with weaker operational capabilities. The impact mechanism shows that the RSDO aids sample enterprises in enhancing export product diversification by lowering operational costs and supports export market diversification by encouraging technological innovation.
This study investigates how group size of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) changes temporally, spatially, and/or with predominant behavior at two discreet sites along the Eastern Cape coastline of S...
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This study investigates how group size of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) changes temporally, spatially, and/or with predominant behavior at two discreet sites along the Eastern Cape coastline of South Africa: Algoa Bay and the Wild Coast. The mean group size of bottlenose dolphins was large with an average of 52 animals. Significantly larger groups were observed in Algoa Bay ((x) over bar = 60, range = 1-600) than off the Wild Coast ((x) over bar = 32.9, range = 1-250). In Algoa Bay, the mean group size increased significantly over the study period, from an average 18 animals in 2008 to 76 animals in 2016. Additionally, the largest average and maximum group sizes ever reported both in South Africa and worldwide, were recorded in Algoa Bay (maximum group size = 600). Neither season nor behavior had a significant effect on mean group size at both sites. Similarly environmental variables such as the depth and substrate type also had no influence on group size. It remains unclear which ecological drivers, such as predation risk and food availability, are leading to the large groups observed in this area, and further research on abundance and distribution of both predators and prey is necessary.
This study concerns factors influencing international tourists' length of overnight stay in Venice. The data are from a survey conducted by the Bank of Italy on international tourism. Both zero-truncatednegative ...
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This study concerns factors influencing international tourists' length of overnight stay in Venice. The data are from a survey conducted by the Bank of Italy on international tourism. Both zero-truncatednegativebinomial (ZTNB) and ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions are estimated. In general, the estimates from ZTNB and OLS regressions are similar. The results suggest that age, returning directly to the country of residence and the summer season have a positive influence on the length of stay. On the other hand, international tourist expenditure and visiting other places than Venice have a negative impact on the length of stay. Moreover, the average length of overnight stays differs among nationalities and those who have visited Venice previously tend, on average, to stay longer. One finding is that visitors from North America and Australia stay longer and spend more than visitors coming from neighbouring countries.
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