发热伴血小板减少综合征(Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome,SFTS)是一种由大别班达病毒(Dabie Banda virus,DBV)引起的新发传染病。DBV是一种蜱传播的病毒,主要发生在中国、韩国和日本,死亡率在5%30%之间。SFTS的主...
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发热伴血小板减少综合征(Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome,SFTS)是一种由大别班达病毒(Dabie Banda virus,DBV)引起的新发传染病。DBV是一种蜱传播的病毒,主要发生在中国、韩国和日本,死亡率在5%30%之间。SFTS的主要临床特征包括发热、血小板减少症、白细胞减少症、胃肠道症状、神经系统症状以及多器官功能障碍等。目前,还没有有效药物和疫苗被批准用于DBV的治疗和预防,需要对宿主和DBV之间的免疫作用机制进行全面的了解,制定该疾病治疗的新策略。本文综述了DBV感染后宿主与病毒的相互作用机制,包括宿主的抗病毒免疫反应(如干扰素、细胞焦亡)和病毒的免疫逃逸策略(如抑制干扰素信号通路、促进自噬、调节代谢)。深入理解这些机制对开发SFTS的治疗策略具有重要意义。
尘肺病是由长期吸入粉尘引起的弥漫性肺纤维化疾病,全球范围内流行。本文综述了尘肺病与肺部微生物组的关联,揭示了尘肺患者肺部微生物多样性降低和条件致病菌丰度增加的现象,这些变化与肺部炎症和纤维化密切相关。研究显示,粉尘暴露可改变肺部微生物组成,影响免疫和炎症反应。尽管当前研究取得了进展,但仍面临样本量小和方法学差异等挑战。未来研究需开展大规模纵向研究,标准化方法学,深入探讨微生物组与宿主免疫的相互作用,为尘肺病的防治提供新策略。Pneumoconiosis is a diffuse pulmonary fibrosis disease caused by long-term inhalation of dust, which is prevalent worldwide. This article reviews the association between pneumoconiosis and the lung microbiome, revealing a phenomenon of reduced lung microbial diversity and increased abundance of conditional pathogens in patients with pneumoconiosis, which is closely related to pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. Studies show that dust exposure can alter the composition of the lung microbiota, affecting immune and inflammatory responses. Despite the progress made in current research, challenges remain, such as small sample sizes and methodological differences. Future research needs to conduct large-scale longitudinal studies, standardize methodology, and delve into the interaction between the microbiome and host immunity to provide new strategies for the prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis.
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