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A blockchain-based approach for secure energy-efficient IoT-based wireless sensor networks for smart cities

Alexandria Engineering Journal 2025年 126卷 1-7页

作者： Aldawsari, Hamad Department of Computer Science Haql University College University of Tabuk Tabuk Saudi Arabia

As a result of IoT-based wireless sensor networks (IoT-WSNs), resource-constrained environments are becoming more efficient and dynamic. Even though IoT-WSNs have many advantages, they also face significant challenges, including their high energy consumption, limited lifespan, and security vulnerabilities. IoT-WSNs for smart cities could be made more energy-efficient and secure by using a blockchain-based approach. Blockchain technology improves energy efficiency and reduces communication costs while ensuring decentralized, secure spectrum management. A smart contract and distributed ledger mechanism reduce redundant data transmissions and facilitate network trust. A blockchain-enabled clustering mechanism allows energy-aware sensing and resource allocation, as well as cognitive radio technology used for efficient spectrum utilization. Compared to existing techniques, the proposed method is more energy efficient, more accurate in sensing spectrums, and more secure. IoT-WSNs provide a solution to energy and security challenges in smart city infrastructure, contributing to sustainable development. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Blockchain Secure energy-efficient IoT wireless sensor networks Smart cities

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Collaborative Multi-AUV Optical communication via Deep Reinforcement Learning

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IEEE sensorS JOURNAL 2025年第1期25卷 1627-1640页

作者： Li, Mengzhen Luo, Hanjiang Tao, Hang Li, Xiang Dong, Peijun Wu, Kaishun Shandong Univ Sci & Technol Coll Comp Sci & Engn Qingdao 266590 Peoples R China Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol Guangzhou Guangzhou Peoples R China

The next generation of wireless network 6G is envisioned to enable seamless global connectivity for the Internet of Everything (IoE) on the Earth. To this end, implementing high-speed wireless communication from the deep ocean to the sea surface leveraging multiple autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) with underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) is an emerging and promising technology that enables real-time data collection for accurate underwater exploration and monitoring, for example, coordinated moving target monitoring. However, multihop UWOC is more susceptible to beam misalignment and positional uncertainty caused by external interference in the harsh environment. To address these challenges, we design a cooperative movement scheme for multiple AUVs based on a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) approach to perform robust optical communication. We first model the optical channel and then analyze the link performance to satisfy the bit error rate (BER) requirements. Afterward, we map the cooperative optical communication problem into a Markov decision process (MDP) and then we propose a deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG)-based cooperative movement strategy, which is integrated with the extended Kalman filter (EKF) technique. Finally, we design a multi-AUV adaptive adjustment scheme for enhanced optical link adaptation, including an optical link distance adjustment algorithm, and an adaptive transmit power adjustment algorithm based on twin-delayed deep deterministic policy gradient (TD3). Through extensive simulations, it is demonstrated that the proposed algorithms are effective in achieving cooperative and adaptive underwater optical communication via multi-AUV under mobile scenarios.

关键词： Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) deep reinforcement learning (DRL) extended Kalman filter (EKF) underwater optical communication underwater sensor networks Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) deep reinforcement learning (DRL) extended Kalman filter (EKF) underwater optical communication underwater sensor networks

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Finite-horizon energy allocation scheme in energy harvesting-based linear wireless sensor network

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FUTURE GENERATION COMPUTER SYSTEMS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ESCIENCE 2025年 162卷

作者： Chen, Shengbo Li, Shuai Wang, Guanghui Yu, Keping Henan Univ Sch Comp & Informat Engn Kaifeng Henan Peoples R China Henan Univ Sch Software Kaifeng Henan Peoples R China Henan Univ Henan Engn Res Ctr Intelligent Technol & Applicat Kaifeng Henan Peoples R China Henan Univ Henan Int Joint Lab Intelligent Network Theory & K Kaifeng Henan Peoples R China Hosei Univ Grad Sch Sci & Engn Tokyo Japan

Linear wireless sensor networks (LWSNs) are a specialized topology of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) widely used for environmental monitoring. Traditional WSNs rely on batteries for energy supply, limiting their performance due to battery capacity constraints, while renewable energy harvesting technology is an effective approach to alleviating the battery capacity bottleneck. However, the stochastic nature of renewable energy makes designing an efficient energy management scheme for network performance improvement a compelling research problem. In this paper, we investigate the problem of maximizing throughput over a finite-horizon time period for an energy harvesting-based linear wireless sensor network (EH-LWSN). The solution to the original problem is very complex, and this complexity mainly arises from two factors. First, the optimal energy allocation scheme has temporal coupling, i.e., the current optimal strategy relies on the energy harvested in the future. Second, the optimal energy allocation scheme has spatial coupling, i.e., the current optimal strategy of any node relies on the available energy of other nodes in the network. To address these challenges, we propose an iterative energy allocation algorithm for EH-LWSN. Firstly, we theoretically prove the optimality of the algorithm and analyze the time complexity of the algorithm. Next, we design the corresponding distributed version and consider the case of estimating the energy harvest. Finally, through experiments using a real-world renewable energy dataset, the results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the other two heuristics energy allocation schemes in terms of network throughput.

关键词： Energy harvesting Linear wireless sensor networks Optimal energy allocation Throughput maximization

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RSTrS: A Reliable and Stable Data Transmission Scheme via OLSR and network Coding in FANET

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IEEE sensorS JOURNAL 2025年第3期25卷 5529-5546页

作者： Song, Bo Yin, Jun Qiu, Xiulin Ke, Yaqi Yu, Wanxin Xu, Lei Huang, Bo Yang, Yuwang Nanjing Univ Sci & Technol Sch Comp Sci & Engn Nanjing 210094 Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Postsand Telecommun Jiangsu Key Lab Broadband Wireless Commun & Intern Nanjing 210046 Peoples R China Jiangsu Univ Sci & Technol Sch Automat Zhenjiang 212100 Peoples R China Harbin Inst Technol Harbin SONG Peoples R China

Flying ad hoc networks (FANETs) use unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to build a wireless network with special properties. The transmission of data between UAVs in FANETs has become a key area of research. However, they are confronted with many challenges and difficulties, which are due to the high mobility of UAVs, the frequent packet losses, and the weak links between UAVs, all affecting the reliability of the data delivery. Several enhancements exist to address the above issues, but most of these are simple improvements over traditional mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) approaches such as vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) and wireless sensor networks (WSNs), and cannot be fully adapted to FANETs with their unique properties, even ignoring the requirements for data transmission between UAVs. In light of these limitations, we propose a novel transmission scheme based on an optimized link state routing (OLSR) protocol and network coding for efficient and reliable data transmission in FANET. Compared to the state-of-the-art, the novelty of this scheme is to improve and integrate two coding algorithms into the transmission process based on the characteristics of FANET. In addition, it considers factors such as link stability, coding gain, and node congestion during the multipoint relay (MPR) election phase, thereby enhancing the transmission performance of FANET. Experimental results showed that the proposed approach compensates for the existing methods' inability to manage high mobility and frequent topology changes, and addresses the issues of unstable link election and substantial packet loss.

关键词： Routing Reliability Routing protocols Data communication Encoding network coding Heuristic algorithms Autonomous aerial vehicles Ad hoc networks Packet loss Flying ad hoc network (FANET) network coding optimized link state routing (OLSR) reliable transmission unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)

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AUV-aided isolated sub-network prevention for reliable data collection by underwater wireless sensor networks

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COMPUTER networkS 2025年 262卷

作者： Nandyala, Chandra Sukanya Cho, Ho-Shin Kyungpook Natl Univ Sch Elect & Elect Engn Daegu 41556 South Korea

The unique characteristics of the underwater environment, such as limited infrastructure, challenging acoustic communication channels, and constrained battery power of underwater sensor nodes, significantly impact the overall network lifetime of underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs). In a multi-hop UWSN, the death of a special node - cut-vertex (CV) - divides the network into the main network and an isolated sub-network (ISN). The UWSN may struggle to operate continuously and efficiently owing to the death of underwater sensor nodes, resulting in a shorter network lifetime and reduced data reliability. Consequently, the data generated by the ISN is lost. To address this issue, this paper presents an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV)-aided ISN prevention protocol for UWSNs. The proposed protocol employs an AUV to explore and identify a CV by utilizing the information collected from the sensor nodes. Subsequently, the AUV predicts the future residual energy of the CV, ensuring its arrival near the CV prior to the energy depletion of the CV and the formation of an ISN. Then, instead of the CV, the AUV directly collects data from the CV-associated sensor nodes while the CV harvests energy. The CV replenishes its energy by harnessing ambient underwater sources and subsequently reintegrates into the network after attaining sufficient energy recharge. In this study, we evaluate the performance of the proposed protocol by comparing it with the Q-learning-based topology-aware routing protocol, a hybrid data-collection scheme, stratification-based data-collection scheme, and Q-learning- based energy-efficient and lifetime-aware routing protocol in terms of the lifetime of the network, lifetime of the CVs, energy consumption, end-to-end delay, and packet delivery ratio.

关键词： Autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) Chapman-Kolmogorov equation Data-collection Cut-vertex Isolated sub-network Underwater wireless sensor networks

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Cloud-network-End Collaborative Security for wireless networks:Architecture,Mechanisms,and Applications

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Tsinghua Science and technology 2025年第1期30卷 18-33页

作者： Xiangyu Wang Jianfeng Ma State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks(ISN) School of Cyber EngineeringXidian UniversityXi’an 710071China

The core goal of network security is to protect the security of data *** wireless network security technology is committed to guaranteeing end-to-end data transmission ***,with the advancement of mobile networks,cloud computing,and Internet of Things,communication-computing integration and cloud-network integration have been important technical *** a result,the main application requirements of wireless networks have changed from data transmission to cloud-based information *** data transmission security technology cannot overcome the security requirements of cloud-network-end collaborative services in the new era,and secure semantic communication has become an important *** address this issue,we propose a cloud-network-end collaborative security ***,we clarify security mechanisms for end system security,network connection security,and cloud services security,***,based on the above three aspects,we elaborate on the connotation of cloud-network-end collaborative *** giving example applications,including heterogeneous network secure convergence framework,unmanned system collaborative operations security framework,and space-air-ground integrated network security framework,we demonstrate the universality of the proposed ***,we review the current research on end system security,network connection security,and cloud services security,respectively.

关键词： wireless network security information services security secure semantic communication model cloud-network-end collaborative security architecture heterogeneous network secure convergence

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Ultralow Ohmic Contact in Recess-Free Ultrathin Barrier AlGaN/GaN Heterostructures Across a Wide Temperature Range

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2025年第1期26卷 137-145页

作者： Yuhao Wang Sen Huang Qimeng Jiang Xinhua Wang Jie Fan Haibo Yin Ke Wei Yingkui Zheng Xinyu Liu Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Microelectronics University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

“Ohmic-before-passivation” process was implemented on ultrathin-barrier AlGaN（<6 nm）/GaN heterostructure to further reduce the ohmic contact resistance（Rc）. In this process, alloyed Ti/Al/Ni/Au ohmic metal was formed first, followed by AlN/SiNxpassivation contributed to restore two-dimensional electron gas（2DEG） in the access region. Due to the sharp change in the concentration of 2DEG at the metal edge, a reduced transfer length consisted with lower Rcare achieved compared to that of ohmic contact on AlGaN（～20 nm）/GaN heterostructure with pre-ohmic recess process. Temperature-dependent current voltage measurements demonstrate that the carrier transport mechanism is dominated by thermionic field emission above 200 K and by field emission below 200 K. The “ohmic-before-passivation” process enables the relative stability of ohmic contacts between 50 K and 475 K and significantly improves the direct current characteristics of GaN-metal-insulator-semiconductor-high electron mobility transistor, offering a promising means for scaling down and enabling the utilization of low-voltage GaN-based power devices in extreme environmental conditions.

关键词： optimal CDG framework telecommunication network routing energy efficient WSN CS compressed sensing diffusion wavelet transform matrix optimal compressed data gathering framework wireless sensor network Measurement matrix telecommunication power management measurement matrix optimization algorithm compressed data measurement sparse representation optimal data aggregation tree algorithm energy consumption trees (mathematics) Compressed sensing (CS) signal representation wireless sensor networks (WSNs) ODAT algorithm data transmission reduction wavelet transforms wireless sensor networks Optimal data aggregation tree (ODAT) MMOA energy consumption minimization routing technology energy conservation DWTM

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Distributed robust neural network adaptive fault-tolerant control for amorphous flattened air-ground wireless self-assembly network system

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART I-JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND CONTROL ENGINEERING 2025年第1期239卷 46-73页

作者： Wang, Zhifang Huang, Quanzhen Chen, Suxia Yu, Jianguo Henan Police Coll Intelligent Invest Res Ctr 1 Longzi Lake East Rd Zhengzhou 450046 Henan Peoples R China Henan Univ Engn Sch Elect Informat Engn Zhengzhou Henan Peoples R China Henan Univ Engn Shanghai Peoples R China Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun Sch Elect Engn Beijing Key Lab Work Safety Intelligent Monitoring Beijing Peoples R China

With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, how to solve the problem of unknown fault interference (including external unknown interference and internal actuator unknown fault disturbance) encountered during the operation of amorphous flat air-ground wireless self-assembled network systems has become a research hotspot. In this paper, a distributed robust neural network adaptive fault-tolerant controller is designed by incorporating the robust neural network optimal control law into the robust adaptive fault-tolerant controller, and the robust fault-tolerant control factor and adaptive neural network adjustment factor makes the closed-loop wireless self-assembled network system with the active feedback adjustment of the robust fault-tolerant feedback matrix K of the adaptive neural network to make the performance parameters converge to the ideal target value asymptotically, and the system error function can asymptotically converge to zero. The simulation and experimental results show that the system as a whole has good robust fault tolerance performance and active learning performance of the adaptive neural network. Moreover, the stability of the air-ground wireless self-assembly network topology can be relatively improved by 50% when the communication distance between the wireless self-assembly network nodes is 1500 m. This paper provides a certain research basis for the subsequent deployment and application of large-scale long spacing of air-ground wireless self-assembled networks.

关键词： Amorphous flattened air-to-ground wireless self-assembly system distributed robust neural network adaptive fault-tolerant control stability of wireless self-organizing network topology

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A Reliability-Driven Topology Restoration Strategy for Underwater wireless sensor networks in Dynamic Ocean Environments

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IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL 2025年第8期12卷 10506-10523页

作者： Zhao, Zhao Liu, Chunfeng Guang, Xiaoyun Zhao, Zening Qu, Wenyu Tianjin Univ Technol Sch Comp Sci & Engn Tianjin 300384 Peoples R China Tianjin Univ Technol Tianjin Key Lab Intelligence Comp & Novel Software Tianjin 300384 Peoples R China Tianjin Univ Coll Intelligence & Comp Tianjin 300350 Peoples R China Hebei Univ Sch Cyber Secur & Comp Baoding 071000 Peoples R China Tianjin Univ Technol Sch Elect Engn & Automat Tianjin 300384 Peoples R China

In ocean environments, underwater sensor nodes (USNs) are susceptible to failure due to various factors, such as seawater corrosion, hardware failure, depleted battery, harsh deployment scenarios, and intentional sabotage. This article focuses on the topology restoration problem of disconnected subnetworks (TR-DSNs) caused by large-scale USN failures in underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs). The existing research cannot be well adapted to dynamic ocean environments because they ignore the effects of underwater communication channel and current movement on the cost and reliability of network restoration. It would consequently lead to high restoration cost and unreliable data transmission for UWSNs. To solve the mentioned problem, we first build a reliability evaluation model of topology restoration that considers the link quality, network connectivity, and data transmission of UWSNs in dynamic ocean environments. Then, a reliability-driven topology restoration strategy (called RDTRS) based on underwater relay node (URN) placement is designed. RDTRS comprises three key algorithms: 1) URN placement path generation;2) URN location determination;and 3) URN location adjustment. By RDTRS, the number of URNs can be reduced on the premise of ensuring the restoration reliability of UWSNs. In the end, we validate the performance of RDTRS in terms of network restoration cost, packet delivery ratio, and transmission latency.

关键词： Topology network topology Oceans Relays Costs Heuristic algorithms Internet of Things Reliability engineering Hidden Markov models Data communication Current movement relay node placement restoration reliability topology restoration underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs)

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Parallel Residual Stacked Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory network Optimized with Chameleon Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Time-Series sensor Data

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IETE JOURNAL OF RESEARCH 2025年

作者： Shanmuganathan, V. Suresh, A. SRM Inst Sci & Technol Sch Comp Dept Networking & Commun Kattankulathur 603203 Tamil Nadu India

Internet of Things (IoT) allows the linking of disparate devices via wireless and mobile communication technology. The accuracy and integrity of data often determine IoT service quality. An acquired data, however, will be abnormal due to the harsh surroundings or device flaws. As a result, an efficient means of identifying anomalies is critical for ensuring excellent service. This article discusses Parallel Residual Stacked Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory network optimized with Chameleon Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Time-Series sensor Data (PRSBi LSTM-CSOA-AD-TSSD) is proposed for anomaly identification for Time Sequence sensor Data. Initially, the time sequence sensor data are acquired from the Yahoo Webs cope S5 dataset. Then the data are preprocessed using Sparsity Aware Robust Normalized Subb and Adaptive Filtering technique. Then the pre-processed data are given to the proposed PRSBiLSTM network to detect the anomalous Time-Series sensor Data. This PRSBiLSTM network classifies the preprocessed Time-Series sensor Data into normal and anomaly. Then the PRSBiLSTM network is optimized using the Chameleon Swarm Optimization Algorithm (CSOA) which precisely classifies the anomalistic of the Time-Series sensor Data. The proposed algorithm is implemented in Python and performance metrics, such as F1-score, precision, sensitivity, specificity, Error rate, accuracy, ROC, and computational time are analyzed to identify the performance of the proposed PRSBiLSTM-CSOA-AD-TSSD approach. The proposed approach provides 22.41%, 25.51%, and 21.65% higher accuracy, 24.56%, 23.36%, and 25.98% lower error rate, 22.59%, 22.29%, and 25.67% lower computational time analyzed with existing methods, such as LSTM-AD-TSSD, Unsupervised TCN-AE-based TCN-ADTSSD, and CNN-AD-TSSD.

关键词： Anomaly detection Chameleon Swarm Optimization Algorithm Sparsity Aware Robust Normalized Subb and Adaptive Filtering and time-series sensor data

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