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Research on Multichain Multihop Routing Protocol for Smart Road Chain-Distributed sensor networks

IEEE sensorS JOURNAL 2025年第7期25卷 11915-11923页

作者： Liu, Yunbo Wen, Xin Xia, Chenyu Zhang, Hui Sun Yat Sen Univ Sch Intelligent Syst Engn Guangdong Prov Key Lab Intelligent Transportat Sys Guangzhou 510275 Peoples R China

Focusing on the characteristics of low-latency transmission and chain-distributed sensors along intelligent roads, this article investigates a multichain multihop routing protocol (MMRP) suitable for roadside chain-distributed sensor networks. The aim is to address the low communication efficiency and poor system robustness of traditional chain-based networks. This study calculates the number of chains (NCs) based on the communication capability of individual nodes and adopts time-division multiple access (TDMA) to design a complete communication scheme, achieving efficient information transmission and self-organizing network routing. To address node failures, a self-check algorithm for control nodes is proposed for uploaded information, along with a rerouting mechanism where neighboring nodes of faulty points take over tasks, ensuring stable system operation. Simulation results show that MMRP achieves communication delay and packet loss rates of 0.72 s and 2.1%, respectively, outperforming LEACH and PEGASIS protocols. The system energy consumption is 36.96 J, comparable to traditional protocols. Moreover, under node failure conditions, MMRP maintains a low packet loss rate, acceptable communication delay, and energy consumption through rerouting, significantly improving system robustness and communication efficiency.

关键词： Intelligent sensors Roads sensor systems sensor phenomena and characterization Spread spectrum communication Routing protocols Robustness wireless sensor networks Time division multiple access Synchronization Chain-distributed sensor network sensor network communication scheme sensor network robustness sensor network routing protocol

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Smart wireless Environment Enhanced Telecommunications: An Industrial Review on network Stabilization

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IEEE network 2025年第1期39卷 21-29页

作者： Zhang, Yangyishi Ziwenjere, Khethiwe Mhlope Walker, Aaron Chen, Tianrui You, Minglei Burton, Fraser Gradoni, Gabriele Zheng, Gan BT Grp Res & Network Strategy Ipswich IP5 3RE Suffolk England Univ Nottingham Dept Elect & Elect Engn Nottingham NG8 1BB England Univ Surrey Inst Commun Syst Guildford GU2 7XH Surrey England Univ Warwick Sch Engn Coventry CV4 7AL England

The 5G wireless network is now part of the critical national infrastructure of developed nations. wireless network operators must strive to improve performance in order to be competitive, whilst reducing costs in order to be profitable. State-of-the-art technology informs the future direction of the industry but network operators' operational and commercial needs also need to inform the direction of research. This industrial review sheds light on an ongoing technological convergence from the viewpoint of wireless network operators that hold direct responsibility in deploying new networking technologies. An evolving paradigm called the "Smart wireless Environment" (SWE) brings together disparate research topics in revolutionising physical layer networking. A critical role of SWE is to overcome, or significantly mitigate, the service degradation due to fading wireless channels. Therefore, we focus our attention to a pragmatic, narrow-sense application of SWE, which we term as network stabilization. Besides classic end-to-end (E2E) fading countermeasures, network operators could also adopt SWE to augment the propagation background in complex real-life environments. Akin to the synthesis of a filter with flat response, stabilized artificial fading channels can be engineered from augmented scattering clusters (ASCs). The ability to tailor the fading channel response could offer a network operator useful competitive advantage. However, the SWE paradigm is still at a low technology readiness level (TRL). The challenge is for operators to work out how to cost-effectively implement SWE to deliver real user benefit, building on the present-day installed network. To this end, we provide a technical analysis of the synergy between SWE enablers: holographic metasurfaces to augment the environment, wireless sensing to monitor the environment, and machine intelligence to control the environment. The expected performance advantages of SWE are numerically investigated. Finally, majo

关键词： wireless sensor networks Fading channels Metasurfaces sensors Scattering Artificial intelligence 5G mobile communication wireless networks Telecommunications Reviews Smartwireless Environment Channel Stabilisation Holographic Metasurface Sensing-Aided communications network Intelligence

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Anti-interference technology for wireless communication based on greedy reinforcement learning algorithm

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JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING 2025年第1期25卷 1002-1014页

作者： Li, Zailin Xinxiang Univ Sch Printing 3D 91 Jinsui Ave Xinxiang 453000 Henan Peoples R China

As the most valuable area in the telecommunications industry, wireless communication has shown great potential for development in the 21st century. With the massive popularity of smartphones and 5G technology, how to create a high-quality wireless communication transmission network gradually becomes a key problem that needs to be broken through urgently at present. The study proposes a corresponding greedy reinforcement learning algorithm based on the establishment of an interference-resistant wireless communication model, which performs direct retention of high-value actions as a way to avoid extensive network computation. The results show that the algorithm achieves a fitness value of 99.1 and converges to 99.9 at about 19 iterations in the handwritten digital image set. It indicates the algorithm has a fast convergence speed in incorporating the dual network structure and empirical recovery, which can effectively enhance the learning efficiency of the anti-interference of wireless communication system and provide a new reference method for the development of anti-interference technology of wireless communication.

关键词： deep learning reinforcement learning greedy algorithm wireless communication anti-interference

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Relay Selection for Energy-Harvesting Collaborative communication Systems: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL INFORMATICS 2025年第1期21卷 771-780页

作者： Wang, Jindong Liu, Zhibin Liu, Xiaowu Qufu Normal Univ Sch Comp Sci Rizhao 276826 Peoples R China

In wireless networks, route transmission can be accomplished, and the system's long-term channel capacity can be increased by leveraging the collaboration among numerous relay nodes. While earlier relay selection methods computed all signal-to-noise ratios before selection, they proved to be ineffective. This study addresses the relay selection issue in wireless collaborative communication by employing a deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based relay selection technique. Initially, this study examines the collaborative communication process of wireless communication networks as a markov decision process (MDP). Subsequently, it proposes a relay selection technique utilizing entropy proximal policy optimization (EPPO), which incorporates policy entropy. The optimal policy is established by interacting with the environment to select the best relay from among numerous relays. Ultimately, EPPO is compared to the original proximal policy optimization (PPO) algorithm, the Deep Q-network (DQN) algorithm, and a random relay selection scheme under the premise of unknown instantaneous channel state information (CSI). The network performance is evaluated in terms of system capacity and outage probability. The results of the simulation experiment demonstrate that EPPO outperforms current solutions in these areas.

关键词： Relays wireless communication Collaboration wireless sensor networks Signal to noise ratio Resource management Optimization Batteries Q-learning Power system reliability Cooperative communications deep reinforcement learning relay selection wireless sensor networks

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A Survey on Emerging Trends and Applications of 5G and 6G to Healthcare Environments

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ACM COMPUTING SURVEYS 2025年第4期57卷 1-36页

作者： Ullah, Shamsher Li, Jianqiang Chen, Jie Ali, Ikram Khan, Salabat Ahad, Abdul Ullah, Farhan Leung, Victor c. m. Shenzhen Univ Natl Engn Lab Big Data Syst Comp Technol Shenzhen Peoples R China Shenzhen Univ Coll Comp Sci & Software Engn Shenzhen Peoples R China Qilu Inst Technol Sch Comp & Informat Engn Jinan Peoples R China Northwestern Polytech Univ Sch Software Xian Peoples R China Istanbul Tech Univ Elect & Commun Engn Dept TR-20014 Istanbul Turkiye Univ Airlangga Dept Informat Syst Study Program Surabaya Indonesia Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd Univ Al Khobar Saudi Arabia Univ British Columbia Dept Elect & Comp Engn Vancouver BC Canada

A delay, interruption, or failure in the wireless connection has a significant impact on the performance of wirelessly connected medical equipment. Researchers presented the fastest technological innovations and industrial changes to address these problems and improve the applications of information and communication technology. The development of the 6G communication infrastructure was greatly aided by the use of Block- chain technology, artificial intelligence (AI), virtual reality (VR), and the Internet of Things (IoT). In this article, we comprehensively discuss 6G technologies enhancement, its fundamental architecture, difficulties, and other issues associated with it. In addition, the outcomes of our research help make 6G technology more applicable to real-world medical environments. The most important thing that this study has contributed is an explanation of the path that future research will take and the current state-of-the-art. This study might serve as a jumping-off point for future researchers in the academic world who are interested in investigating the possibilities of 6G technological developments.

关键词： 5G and 6G communication healthcare Internet of Things (IoT) tele- medicine augmented and virtual reality body area wireless sensor network

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Active guidance systems in maritime evacuations: optimizing the lifeboat allocation for cruise ships

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ANNALS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH 2025年 1-27页

作者： Velez, Andres Wallace, Stein W. NHH Norwegian Sch Econ Dept Business & Management Sci Bergen Norway

We study the evacuation of large cruise vessels under hazardous conditions. Based on a new sensor mesh technology, allowing wireless two-way communication also when electricity is lost, we propose an optimization-based procedure that provides real-time guidance to passengers. As a first step, we explore a lifeboat assignment procedure to illustrate some of the aspects linked to pedestrian evacuations on vessels and open the discussion for future work using operations research in a context where human behavior is part of the problem.

关键词： Onboard safety Guidance system wireless communication Lifeboat assignment network flows

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A DV-Hop localization algorithm corrected based on multi-strategy sparrow algorithm in sea-surface wireless sensor networks

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wireless networkS 2025年第2期31卷 1405-1420页

作者： Zhang, Lei Deng, Yujing Fu, Jia Li, Lei Hu, Jinhua Di, Kangjian Hebei Univ Engn Sch Informat & Elect Engn Handan 056038 Peoples R China

Sea surface sensor node localization accuracy is often hindered by seawater flow, while sea storms affect the transmission of radio signals. To improve the localization accuracy of the Distance Vector-Hop (DV-Hop) algorithm in Sea surface wireless sensor networks, we propose a DV-Hop localization algorithm enhanced through a multi-strategy sparrow search algorithm. The sea surface communication model is established, with drones as sink nodes, and the number of hops between nodes in the Sea Surface network is subdivided using non-uniform communication radii. Then, the average hop distance of the node is corrected by combining the weighted minimum mean square error and the cosine theorem. Finally, the calculated localization error is used as the fitness function. The localization of unknown nodes is initialized using the elite reversal strategy, and the Harris Hawk optimization method combined with the differential evolution algorithm is used to update the localization of the sparrow population discoverer to improve the population diversity. In the simulation experiments, the effectiveness of our algorithm is verified in anisotropic topologies. After that, we compared DV-Hop, Sparrow Search Algorithm for Optimizing DV-Hop (SSA-DV-Hop), Whale Optimization Algorithm for Optimizing DV-Hop (WOA-DV-Hop), and Harris Hawk Optimization Algorithm for Optimizing DV-Hop (HHO-DV-Hop) with our algorithm to verify the accuracy of the algorithm. The results show that, across various communication radii, the average localization error exhibited a reduction of 66.91% in comparison to DV-Hop. In addition, in different scenarios with different numbers of beacon nodes, the average localization error decreased by 66.78% compared to DV-Hop. Therefore, the proposed algorithm can effectively improve localization accuracy.

关键词： Sea surface wireless sensor network DV-Hop Non-uniform communication radii Multi-strategy sparrow algorithm

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Physical Layer Cross-technology communication via Explainable Neural networks

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MOBILE COMPUTING 2025年第3期24卷 1550-1566页

作者： Wang, Haoyu Wang, Jiazhao Jiang, Wenchao Wang, Shuai Gao, Demin Nanjing Forestry Univ Coll Informat Sci & Technol Nanjing 210037 Peoples R China Singapore Univ Technol & Design Singapore 487372 Singapore Southeast Univ Sch Comp Sci & Engn Nanjing 211189 Peoples R China

Cross-technology communication (CTC) facilitates seamless interaction between different wireless technologies. Most existing methods use reverse engineering to derive the required transmission payload, generating a waveform that the target device can successfully demodulate. However, traditional approaches have certain limitations, including reliance on specific reverse engineering algorithms or the need for manual parameter tuning to reduce emulation distortion. In this work, we present NNCTC, a framework for achieving physical layer cross-technology communication through explainable neural networks, incorporating relevant knowledge from the wireless communication physical layer into the neural network models. We first convert the various signal processing components within the CTC process into neural network models, then build a training framework for the CTC encoder-decoder structure to achieve CTC. NNCTC significantly reduces the complexity of CTC by automatically deriving CTC payloads through training. We demonstrate how NNCTC implements CTC in WiFi systems using OFDM and CCK modulation. On WiFi systems using OFDM modulation, NNCTC outperforms the WEBee and WIDE designs in terms of error performance, achieving an average packet reception ratio (PRR) of 92.3% and an average symbol error rate (SER) as low as 1.3%. In WiFi systems using OFDM modulation, the highest PRR can reach up to 99%.

关键词： Emulation Artificial neural networks Physical layer wireless fidelity wireless communication OFDM Modulation Training Zigbee Payloads Cross-technology communication neural network physical layer WiFi OFDM

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Energy-efficient scalable routing algorithm based on hierarchical agglomerative clustering for wireless sensor networks

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ALEXANDRIA ENGINEERING JOURNAL 2025年 120卷 95-105页

作者： Chai, Xuguang Wu, Yalin Feng, Lei Hebei Vocat Univ Technol & Engn Dept Informat Engn Xingtai 054000 Peoples R China Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol Peking Univ Shenzhen Peking Univ Shenzhen HospDept UltrasoundInst Ultrason MedMe Shenzhen 518036 Peoples R China

In hierarchical wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the unbalanced energy consumption caused by multi-hop routing poses requirements for the cluster head's selection and distribution of clusters. Aiming to improve the network lifetime and achieve the balance of energy consumption among sensor nodes, we propose an Energy efficient Scalable Routing algorithm based on Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering (ESR-HAC) for WSNs by jointly optimizing the cluster formation and energy efficiency of inter-cluster communication. Firstly, to reduce the transmission cost and time/space complexity during the clustering process, a hierarchical clustering method is proposed to achieve a reasonable cluster distribution. Secondly, by taking into account of multiple parameters such as the coverage range, connectivity and remaining energy of sensor nodes, a cost function for cluster head's selection is defined to reduce the communication overhead between member nodes and cluster heads. Furthermore, to resolve the hot spot problem caused by inter-cluster data forwarding, a genetic algorithm is introduced to obtain the optimal inter cluster routing to balance the network energy consumption. The experimental results show that our algorithm can obtain better energy balance of sensor nodes, ensure the effectiveness of data delivery and extend network lifetime.

关键词： wireless sensor networks Cluster head Hierarchical agglomerative clustering Energy-efficient scalable routing algorithm

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Indoor Planning of Optical wireless networks for Line-of-Sight Condition in Access and Backhauling

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON communicationS 2025年第4期73卷 2538-2553页

作者： Abedi, Mohsen Dowhuszko, Alexis A. Wichman, Risto Aalto Univ Dept Informat & Commun Engn DICE Espoo 02150 Finland

Optical wireless communication (OWC) can complement wireless access services provided over Radio-Frequency (RF) bands by offering abundant additional unlicensed spectrum while enhancing privacy, security, and sustainability. This technology, however, requires Line-of-Sight (LoS) links with no obstructions between transmitter and receiver. In addition, the range of Visible Light communication (VLC) for wireless access is limited to a few meters when using Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs). Hence, deploying VLC Access Points (APs) to prevent indoor coverage gaps is a challenging task. In this paper, we first characterize the VLC cell range in terms of the three-dimensional (3D) position, orientation, and parameters of the LEDs and the photodetector (PD). Secondly, we propose a graph model to represent the floor plan and, based on it, a clique clustering method that determines the minimum number of APs (and their locations) to ensure LoS coverage. Then, we transform this graph into a connectivity tree, such that the APs can communicate with each other via LoS infrared wireless. Based on our findings, the proposed deployment approach significantly outperforms conventional methods in terms of coverage area and required number of APs, improving the minimum/mean data rate of the VLC network when deployed to give service indoors.

关键词： Visible light communication wireless communication communication system security Backhaul networks wireless sensor networks Optical transmitters Optical sensors Optical receivers Optical network units Light emitting diodes Visible light communications access points indoor network planning line-of-sight optical wireless access optical wireless backhauling

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