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Improved model on asynchronous measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution with realistic devices

Chinese Physics B 2024年第11期33卷 52-56页

作者： Mingshuo Sun Chun-Hui Zhang Rui Zhang Xing-Yu Zhou Jian Li Qin Wang Institute of Quantum Information and Technology Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210003China Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Technology Key Laboratory of Ministry of EducationNanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210003China Changqing Oilfield Company Digital and Intelligent Business Division China National Petroleum CorporationXi'an 710299China

In principle,the asynchronous measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution(AMDI-QKD)can surpass the key rate capacity without phase tracking and phase ***,practical imperfections in sources or detections would dramatically depress its ***,we present an improved model on AMDI-QKD to reduce the influence of these imperfections,including intensity fluctuation,the afterpulse effect,and the dead time of ***,we carry out corresponding numerical *** results show that,by implementing our present work,it can have more than 100 km longer secure transmission distance and one order of magnitude enhancement in the key generation rate after 320 km compared with the standard ***,our model can still break the Pirandola–Laurenza–Ottaviani–Banchi(PLOB)bound even under realistic experimental conditions.

关键词： asynchronous measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution intensity fluctuations afterpulse dead time

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Joint Optimization of Phase Shift Matrices and Trajectory for AF Relay-Based Cooperation communication With RIS-Enabled UAV System

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IEEE SYSTEMS JOURNAL 2023年第3期17卷 4703-4714页

作者： Zhang, Shunwai Huang, Xingbo Song, Rongfang Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommun Coll Telecommun & Informat Engn Nanjing 210003 Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommun Key Lab Broadband Wireless Commun & Sensor Network Minist Educ Nanjing 210003 Peoples R China

In the complicated or hard-to-reach communication areas, sometimes much higher average achievable rate (AAR) or wider coverage is in urgent and temporary need. To address this challenge, this article proposes a novel amplify-and-forward (AF) relay-based cooperation communication scheme with reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-enabled unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) enhancing. The UAV acts as a moving RIS in the sky, which provides additional links to enhance the performance of the AF relay-based cooperation on the ground. Aiming to maximize the AAR of the proposed scheme, we jointly optimize the trajectory of UAV and the phase shift matrices of RIS over total time frames. At first, we decompose the original intractable problem into two subproblems of the phase shift matrices optimization and trajectory optimization. Subsequently, the optimal phase shift matrices are achieved by aligning the phases of received signals. Since the trajectory optimization subproblem is still complicated and nonconvex, we apply the successive convex approximation (SCA) method to reformulate it into a convex problem and further solve it by iterative method. Simulation results demonstrate the superiorities of the proposed scheme as compared with the benchmark schemes and also reveal the effects of various factors on its performance.

关键词： Autonomous aerial vehicles Trajectory Relays Optimization Telecommunications Base stations wireless sensor networks Amplify-and-forward (AF) relay average achievable rate (AAR) reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) successive convex approximation (SCA) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)

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Improved reference-frame-independent quantum key distribution with intensity fluctuations

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Chinese Physics B 2025年第2期34卷 48-52页

作者： Zi-Qi Chen Hao-Bing Sun Ming-Shuo Sun Qin Wang Institute of Quantum Information and Technology Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210003China Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Technology Key Laboratory of Ministry of EducationNanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210003China

Reference-frame-independent quantum key distribution(RFI-QKD) can avoid real-time calibration operation of reference frames and improve the efficiency of the communication process. However, due to imperfections of optical devices,there will inevitably exist intensity fluctuations in the source side of the QKD system, which will affect the final secure key rate. To reduce the influence of intensity fluctuations, an improved 3-intensity RFI-QKD scheme is proposed in this *** considering statistical fluctuations and implementing global parameter optimization, we conduct corresponding simulation analysis. The results show that our present work can present both higher key rate and a farther transmission distance than the standard method.

关键词： quantum key distribution intensity fluctuations decoy-state method

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Gray code based gradient-free optimization algorithm for parameterized quantum circuit

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第2期33卷 189-194页

作者：张安琪武春辉赵生妹 Institute of Signal Processing and Transmission Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210003China Key Laboratory of Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Technology(Ministry of Education) Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210003China

A Gray code based gradient-free optimization(GCO)algorithm is proposed to update the parameters of parameterized quantum circuits(PQCs)in this *** parameter of PQCs is encoded as a binary string,named as a gene,and a genetic-based method is adopted to select the *** individuals in the offspring are decoded in Gray code way to keep Hamming distance,and then are evaluated to obtain the best one with the lowest cost value in each *** algorithm is performed iteratively for all parameters one by one until the cost value satisfies the stop condition or the number of iterations is *** GCO algorithm is demonstrated for classification tasks in Iris and MNIST datasets,and their performance are compared by those with the Bayesian optimization algorithm and binary code based optimization *** simulation results show that the GCO algorithm can reach high accuracies steadily for quantum classification ***,the GCO algorithm has a robust performance in the noise environment.

关键词： gradient-free optimization Gray code genetic-based method

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Improved decoy-state quantum key distribution with uncharacterized heralded single-photon sources

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第2期33卷 204-208页

作者：徐乐辰张春辉周星宇王琴 Institute of Quantum Information and Technology Nanjing 210003China Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Technology Key Laboratory of Ministry of EducationNanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210003China Telecommunication and Networks National Engineering Research Center Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210003China

Encoding system plays a significant role in quantum key distribution(QKD).However,the security and performance of QKD systems can be compromised by encoding misalignment due to the inevitable defects in realistic *** alleviate the influence of misalignments,a method exploiting statistics from mismatched basis is proposed to enable uncharacterized sources to generate secure keys in *** this work,we propose a scheme on four-intensity decoy-state quantum key distribution with uncharacterized heralded single-photon *** only requires the source states are prepared in a two-dimensional Hilbert space,and can thus reduce the complexity of practical ***,we carry out corresponding numerical simulations and demonstrate that our present four-intensity decoy-state scheme can achieve a much higher key rate compared than a three-intensity decoy-state method,and meantime it can obtain a longer transmission distance compared than the one using weak coherent sources.

关键词： quantum key distribution heralded single-photon source decoy-state method

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Exploring MEC Server Strategy in Blockchain networks: Mining for Mobile Users or for Self

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IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 2025年第7期24卷 6030-6044页

作者： Ling, Xintong Jiang, Rui Cao, Weihang Chen, Mingkai Wang, Jiaheng Ding, Zhi Gao, Xiqi Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Key Laboratory of Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Technology Nanjing210003 China University of Maryland College Park Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering College ParkMD20742 United States Southeast University National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Nanjing210096 China Purple Mountain Laboratories Nanjing210023 China Southeast University School of Cyber Science and Engineering Nanjing210096 China University of California Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering DavisCA95616 United States

Blockchain-based decentralized applications (DApps) offer enhanced security and decentralization features;nevertheless, their maintenance demands substantial computational resources and poses challenges for deployment in mobile networks. To address this, a number of studies have explored offloading blockchain mining tasks from mobile users to mobile edge computing (MEC) servers. However, the existing literature overlooks the fact that MEC servers can not only mine for mobile users but also mine for themselves, potentially explaining why MEC mining offloading has not gained broad acceptance within the industry. In this work, we exploit a more practical case and rethink the question of whether MEC servers lease computing power to mobile users by taking into account that MEC servers can mine for themselves. We establish a game model and apply backward induction to analytically characterize Nash equilibria for mining strategies adopted by MEC and mobile users. Our findings suggest that, if MEC can mine for self, MEC would mine for mobile users only under specific conditions where mobile users possess superior information gathering capability (at least better than the MEC server) or the whole blockchain system exhibits significant network value. We further provide a series of simulations to verify our conclusion and illustrate the impact of network parameters on the strategies of both sides. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Mobile edge computing

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Single-qubit quantum classifier based on gradient-free optimization algorithm

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Chinese Physics B 2023年第10期32卷 241-247页

作者：张安琪王可伦吴逸华赵生妹 Institute of Signal Processing and Transmission Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210003China Key Laboratory of Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Technology Ministry of EducationNanjing 210003China

A single-qubit quantum classifier(SQC)based on a gradient-free optimization(GFO)algorithm,named the GFO-based SQC,is proposed to overcome the effects of barren plateaus caused by quantum ***,a rotation gate R_(X)(φ)is applied on the single-qubit binary quantum classifier,and the training data and parameters are loaded intoφin the form of vector *** cost function is decreased by finding the value of each parameter that yields the minimum expectation value of measuring the quantum *** algorithm is performed iteratively for all parameters one by one until the cost function satisfies the stop *** proposed GFO-based SQC is demonstrated for classification tasks in Iris and MNIST datasets and compared with the Adam-based SQC and the quantum support vector machine(QSVM).Furthermore,the performance of the GFO-based SQC is discussed when the rotation gate in the quantum device is under different types of *** simulation results show that the GFO-based SQC can reach a high accuracy in reduced ***,the proposed GFO algorithm can quickly complete the training process of the ***,the GFO-based SQC has a good performance in noisy environments.

关键词： single-qubit quantum classifier gradient-free parameters optimizing barren plateau quantum noise

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Properties of focused Laguerre–Gaussian beam propagating in anisotropic ocean turbulence

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第2期33卷 386-393页

作者：王新光马洋斌袁邱杰陈伟王乐赵生妹 College of Science Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210003China Institute of Signal Processing and Transmission Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210003China Key Lab of Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Technology(Ministry of Education) Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210003China National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China

We analyze the properties of a focused Laguerre–Gaussian(LG)beam propagating through anisotropic ocean turbulence based on the Huygens–Fresnel *** the Rytov approximation theory,we derive the analytical formula of the channel capacity of the focused LG beam in the anisotropic ocean turbulence,and analyze the relationship between the capacity and the light source parameters as well as the turbulent ocean *** is found that the focusing mirror can greatly enhance the channel capacity of the system at the geometric focal plane in oceanic *** results also demonstrate that the communication link can obtain high channel capacity by adopting longer beam wavelength,greater initial beam waist radius,and larger number of transmission ***,the capacity of the system increases with the decrease of the mean squared temperature dissipation rate,temperature-salinity contribution ratio and turbulence outer scale factor,and with the increase of the kinetic energy dissipation rate per unit mass of fluid,turbulence inner scale factor and anisotropy *** to a Hankel–Bessel beam with diffraction-free characteristics and unfocused LG beam,the focused LG beam shows superior anti-turbulence interference properties,which provide a theoretical reference for research and development of underwater optical communication links using focused LG beams.

关键词： vortex beam orbital angular momentum focusing mirror anisotropic turbulence

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When Digital Twin Meets 6G: Concepts, Obstacles, and Research Prospects

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IEEE communicationS MAGAZINE 2025年第3期63卷 16-22页

作者： Liu, Wenshuai Fu, Yaru Shi, Zheng Wang, Hong Hong Kong Metropolitan Univ Sch Sci & Technol Hong Kong Peoples R China Jinan Univ Sch Intelligent Syst Sci & Engn Zhuhai Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommun Sch Commun & Informat Engn Nanjing Jiangsu Peoples R China

The convergence of digital twin technology and the emerging 6G network presents both challenges and numerous research opportunities. This article explores the potential synergies between digital twin and 6G, highlighting the key challenges and proposing fundamental principles for their integration. We discuss the unique requirements and capabilities of digital twin in the context of 6G networks, such as sustainable deployment, realtime synchronization, seamless migration, predictive analytic, and closed-loop control. Furthermore, we identify research opportunities for leveraging digital twin and artificial intelligence to enhance various aspects of 6G, including network optimization, resource allocation, security, and intelligent service provisioning. This article aims to stimulate further research and innovation at the intersection of digital twin and 6G, paving the way for transformative applications and services in the future.

关键词： Digital twins 6G mobile communication Real-time systems Synchronization Artificial intelligence Computer architecture Physical layer Decision making Computational modeling Terahertz communications

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Cross-Medium Transmission Method Based on 8B/10B Special Position Coding

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IEEE ACCESS 2025年 13卷 40943-40949页

作者： Hu, Miaoyi Tan, Qi Zhao, Zhengyi Zhong, Shuai Xu, Hang Yang, Yiguang Yao, Jianquan Tianjin Univ Sch Precis Instruments & Optoelect Engn Key Lab Optoelect Informat Technol Minist Educ Tianjin 300072 Peoples R China Hohai Univ Key Lab Maritime Intelligent Cyberspace Technol Minist Educ Nanjing 210000 Peoples R China Sichuan Normal Univ Key Lab Wireless Sensor Network Univ Sichuan Prov Chengdu 610068 Peoples R China Hubei Univ Technol Sch Mech Engn Hubei Key Lab Modern Mfg Qualt Engn Wuhan 430068 Hubei Peoples R China Laoshan Lab Qingdao 266237 Peoples R China

To address limited transmission rates resulting from the laser's low repetition frequency in cross-medium communication, this study proposed a specialized position coding cross-medium transmission method based on 8B/10B to enhance the transmission efficiency. Strategies such as odd-even alternating coding, position coding, and setting empty codes were designed to address the impact of pulse position modulation on transmission rates caused by the "back-to-back" phenomenon. This method ensures that when a pulse occurs in the last four positions of the preceding transmission cycle, it will not occur in the first four positions of the subsequent cycle. A corresponding transmission system was constructed to validate the specialized position coding cross-medium transmission method based on 8B/10B. A laser with a repetition frequency of 60 Hz was used to conduct experiments in a water pool and successfully achieved cross-medium communication at a transmission rate of 181.8 bps.

关键词： Encoding Acoustics Lasers Codes Frequency modulation Hydrophones wireless sensor networks Laser theory Optical pulses Nonlinear optics 8B/10B cross-medium communication laser-induced sound pulse position modulation

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