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Response to the Letters to the Editor by Jing Peng and Colleagues and by lauren C Leiman Regarding the Manuscript "Terminology Issues in Screening and Early Detection of Lung Cancer-International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Early Detection and Screening Committee Expert Group Recommendations"

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JOURNAL OF THORacIC ONCOLOGY 2025年第1期20卷 e6-e8页

作者： Huber, Rudolf M. Lam, Stephen Cavic, Milena Balata, Haval Kitts, Andrea Borondy Field, John K. Henschke, Claudia Kazerooni, Ella A. Kerpel-Fronius, Anna Taioli, Emanuela Ventura, Luigi Yankelevitz, David Tammemagi, Martin Ludwig Maximilian Univ Munich Thorac Oncol Ctr Munich German Ctr Lung Res DZL CPC M Div Resp Med & Thorac OncolDept Med 5 Munich Germany Univ British Columbia Dept Integrat Oncol BC Canc Vancouver BC Canada Univ British Columbia Dept Med Vancouver BC Canada Inst Oncol & Radiol Serbia Dept Expt Oncol Belgrade Serbia Manchester Univ NHS Fdn Trust Manchester England Prosumer Hlth Rescue Lung Soc Boston MA USA Univ Liverpool Dept Mol & Clin Canc Med Roy Castle Lung Canc Res Programme Liverpool England Phoenix Vet Affairs Hlth Care Syst Dept Radiol Phoenix AZ USA Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai Dept Radiol New York NY USA Univ Michigan Med Sch Dept Radiol Div Cardiothorac Radiol Ann Arbor MI USA Univ Michigan Med Sch Dept Internal Med Div Pulm & Crit Care MedMichigan Med Ann Arbor MI USA Natl Koranyi Inst Pulmonol Dept Radiol Budapest Hungary Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai Inst Translat Epidemiol New York NY USA St Bartholomews Hosp Barts Thorax Ctr London England Ontario Hlth Canc Care Ontario Canc Control & Evidence Integrat Toronto ON Canada Brock Univ Dept Hlth Sci St Catharines ON Canada

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Not on my watch: ransomware detection through classification of high-entropy file segments

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JOURNAL OF CYBERSECURITY 2025年第1期11卷

作者： Casino, Fran Hurley-smith, Darren Hernandez-Castro, Julio Patsakis, Constantinos Univ Rovira & Virgili Dept Comp Engn & Math Avinguda Paisos Catalans 26 Tarragona 43007 Spain Athena Res Ctr Informat Management Syst Inst Artemidos 6 Maroussi 15125 Greece Univ Kent Giles Ln Canterbury CT2 7NZ England Univ Politecn Madrid Alan Turing S-N Madrid 28031 Spain Univ Piraeus Dept Informat 80 Karaoli & Dimitriou Str Piraeus 18534 Greece

The double-edged sword of continuous digitization of services and systems opens the door to a myriad of beneficial opportunities, as well as challenging threats. Currently, ransomware is catalogued as the first threat in cybersecurity due to its impact on organizations, critical infrastructure, industry, and society as a whole. Thus, devoting efforts toward developing methodologies to effectively prevent and mitigate ransomware is crucial. In this article, we present an accurate method to identify encrypted bit streams by differentiating them from other high-entropy streams (e.g. compressed files), which is a critical task to detect potentially malicious file write events on the file system in current operating systems. After extensive evaluation, our findings demonstrate that the proposed solution outperforms the current state of the art in both adaptability and accuracy, enabling it to be integrated into current Endpoint Detection and Response systems.

关键词： ransomware high-entropy sources endpoint detection and response systems randomness encryption

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Social Media and Sleep Health

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PEDIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA 2025年第2期72卷 165-173页

作者： Hale, lauren Hartstein, lauren E. Ceranoglu, Tolga Atilla SUNY Stony Brook Renaissance Sch Med Dept Family Populat & Prevent Med Program Publ Hlth Stony Brook NY 11768 USA Univ Colorado Boulder Dept Integrat Physiol Boulder CO USA Harvard Med Sch Dept Psychiat Boston MA USA

Social media interferes with pediatric sleep health with downstream consequences for mental health and other developmental outcomes. Based on the literature on screen use and sleep, social media likely affects sleep through the following proposed mechanisms: activity displacement, content-related arousal, alerting effects of light, and disruptions from noises and vibrations. Future research on this topic should improve measurement of both social media use and sleep health. Scalable, sustainable, and effective interventions should be developed and evaluated. We offer clinical recommendations for reducing the negative effects of social media on pediatric sleep health.

关键词： Social media Sleep health Pediatric populations Mental health

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Implementation of a best-practice model of care for cognitive impairment and dementia for first nations peoples attending primary care in Australia: a stepped-wedge cluster-randomised trial

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LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-WESTERN PacIFIC 2025年 57卷 101529-101529页

作者： Hughson, Jo-anne Hyde, Zoe Bradley, Kate Malay, Roslyn Douglas, Harold Rind, Sadia Sullivan, Kylie Poulos, lauren Allen, Bridget Martin-Giles, Bonnie Quigley, Rachel Russell, Sarah Cadet-James, Diane Wallace, Valda Allan, Wendy Bessarab, Dawn smith, Kate Radford, Kylie Strivens, Edward Flicker, Leon Atkinson, David Thompson, Sandra Ciaccia, Juliette Lavrencic, Louise Ducker, Belinda Humphry, Tina Wenitong, Mark Belfrage, Mary Blackberry, Irene Fulford, Kate Wall, Sharon smith, Robyn Logiudice, Dina Univ Melbourne Royal Melbourne Hosp Dept Med Royal Pk CampusAdm Bldg 2134-54 Poplar Rd Melbourne Vic 3052 Australia Univ Western Australia Western Australian Ctr Heath & Ageing Med Sch 35 Stirling Highway Perth WA Australia Univ Western Australia Ctr Aboriginal Med & Dent Hlth Med Sch 35 Stirling Highway Perth WA Australia Derbarl Yerrigan Hlth Serv 22 Chesterfield Rd Mirrabooka WA 6061 Australia Neurosci Res Australia 139 Barker St Sydney NSW 2031 Australia Trobe Univ John Richards Ctr Trobe Rural Hlth Sch POB 821 Wodonga Vic 3689 Australia James Cook Univ Hlth Ageing Res Team Nguma bada campus Smithfield Qld 4878 Australia Cairns & Hinterland Hosp & Hlth Serv Cairns North Qld Australia Univ New South Wales Sch Psychol Sydney Australia Univ Western Australia Rural Clin Sch Western Australia POB 1377 Broome WA 6725 Australia Univ Western Australia Western Australian Ctr Rural Hlth 167 Fitzgerald St Geraldton WA 6530 Australia Univ New South Wales Sch Populat Hlth Sydney Australia Univ New South Wales Ageing Futures Inst Sydney Australia Trobe Univ Care Econ Res Inst Wodonga Australia Royal Melbourne Hosp Dept Aged Care Melbourne Australia

Background Dementia and cognitive impairment not dementia (CIND) are under-detected amongst First Nations peoples attending primary care. This trial implemented a culturally adapted best-practice model of care to increase detection and optimise management of CIND/dementia. Methods This closed cohort open-label, stepped-wedge, cluster-randomised trial recruited 12 Aboriginal community-controlled primary health care services (acCHSs) across urban, regional and remote settings in Australia. acCHSs were eligible to participate if they conducted annual health checks, engaged in continuous quality improvement processes and had >= 55 clients aged >= 50 years. After a baseline control period, four acCHSs were scheduled to enter the intervention phase every six months. During the intervention phase, acCHSs were supported to embed best-practice dementia care through staff education and practice change initiatives. Co-primary outcomes were: (i) documented detection of CIND/dementia and, (ii) evidence of uptake of the diagnostic pathway measured as presence of >= 2 of: use of cognitive assessment tools, relevant pathology investigations, neuroimaging, and/or referral of clients with cognitive concerns to specialist services. Data were analysed with mixed effects complementary log-log regression. This study was registered with the Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, acTRN12618001485224. Findings Between September 2018 and January 2019, 12 acCHSs were recruited, comprising a sample of 1655 acCHS clients aged >= 50 years (mean 60.3 +/- 8.2 years), of whom 935 (56.5%) were female. One acCHS withdrew during the study. After adjustment for time, the intervention did not show evidence of an effect for the first co-primary outcome (detection of CIND/dementia): HR = 1.53 (95% CI 0.64, 3.65). However, the intervention improved the second co-primary outcome (uptake of diagnostic pathway): HR = 2.34 (95% CI 1.05, 5.25). Intention-to-treat analyses yielded similar results. I

关键词： Dementia Cognitive impairment not dementia Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Aboriginal community controlled health services Models of care

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Mortality and Function After Hip Fracture or Pneumonia in People With and Without Dementia

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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY 2025年第4期73卷 1179-1188页

作者： Hunt, lauren J. Morrison, R. Sean Gan, Siqi Espejo, Edie Boscardin, W. John Rodin, Rebecca Ornstein, Katherine A. smith, Alexander K. Univ Calif San Francisco Philip R Lee Inst Hlth Policy Studies San Francisco CA 94115 USA Univ Calif San Francisco Dept Epidemiol & Biostat San Francisco CA 94115 USA Univ Calif San Francisco Global Brain Hlth Inst San Francisco CA 94115 USA Icahn Sch Med Brookdale Dept Geriatr & Palliat Med New York NY USA James J Peters VA Bronx NY USA Northern Calif Inst Res & Educ San Francisco CA USA Univ Calif San Francisco Div Geriatr San Francisco CA USA Johns Hopkins Univ Sch Nursing Baltimore MD USA

Background The extent to which disruptive surgical or medical events impact mortality and function is critical for anticipatory planning and informing goal-aligned care. Methods Using Health and Retirement Study data (2008-2018), we employed propensity score matching to compare the impact of hospitalization for hip fracture (a surgical event) or pneumonia (a medical event) among people with dementia to two groups: (1) people with dementia who did not experience these events;and (2) people without dementia who experienced an event. Dementia status was determined using validated cognitive assessments (Hurd method);hip fracture and pneumonia were identified from Medicare claims. Outcomes were 1-year mortality and function, defined as a summary score of requiring assistance with 6 ADL's and 5 IADL's, with higher scores indicating better function. Results Among people with dementia, predicted 1-year mortality was higher among those with hip fracture (35.4%) versus those without hip fracture (14.8%), with similar patterns for pneumonia (49.6% vs. 13.0%). Among people with dementia, function declined abruptly at time of hip fracture (-2.09 [95% CI -2.94, -1.25]) and continued to decline after (-0.48 [95% CI -0.87, -0.09]). There were similar patterns for pneumonia (drop at time of pneumonia of -1.49 [95% CI -2.0, -0.97] and after -0.05 [95% CI, -0.29, 0.19]). Compared to people without dementia with hip fracture, people with dementia had higher 1-year mortality (35.4%) versus people without dementia (24%), with similar patterns for pneumonia (49.6% vs. 39.7%). Function stabilized for people without dementia after hip fracture (-0.03, 95% CI -0.22, 0.16), which was significantly different than people without dementia (p < 0.0001). Function improved for people without dementia after pneumonia (0.13, 95% CI 0.03, 0.24), but was not statistically different than for people with dementia (p = 0.17). Conclusion Disruptive events such as hip fracture or pneumonia substantially alt

关键词： acute events dementia function mortality

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Hunters' acceptability of Lethal Management Methods Used to Control Invasive Wild Pigs (Sus scrofa) in Alabama

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SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES 2025年第5期38卷 476-493页

作者： Ellis, Hailey E. Avila, Brian W. Cross, Megan M. Jaebker, lauren M. smith, Mark D. Bright, Alan D. Carlisle, Keith M. Colorado State Univ Warner Coll Nat Resources Dept Human Dimens Nat Resources Ft Collins CO 80523 USA US Dept Agr Natl Wildlife Res Ctr Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv Wildlife Serv Ft Collins CO USA Colorado State Univ Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit Ft Collins CO USA Auburn Univ Coll Forestry Wildlife & Environm Auburn AL USA US Dept Agr Natl Wildlife Res Ctr Anim & Plant Hlth inspection Serv Wildlife Serv Ft Collins CO 80521 USA Colorado Pk & Wildlife Ft Collins CO 80526 USA US Fish & Wildlife Serv Ft Collins CO 80525 USA

Lethal control of wild pigs generates controversy due to stakeholder perceptions of wild pig-related damages and uses. Our research aimed to 1) examine hunter acceptability of lethal wild pig management methods;2) identify underlying patterns in how hunters conceptualize lethal management;and 3) determine the relative influence of various factors on management acceptability. Results from an online survey of Alabama hunters revealed that most hunters were accepting of management methods except for toxicants. Results also revealed two distinct dimensions of lethal management acceptability, characterized by government-implemented and landowner-implemented methods. The top government model included four key factors, with wildlife acceptance capacity having the largest effect. The top landowner model included five key factors, with attitudes having the largest effect. Findings suggest avenues for further investigation of key factors influencing hunters' perceptions of management and highlight the importance of considering who implements the method when measuring acceptability.

关键词： Attitudes feral swine human dimensions invasive species normative beliefs wildlife management

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Male Down syndrome Ts65Dn mice have impaired bone regeneration

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BONE 2025年 192卷 117374-117374页

作者： Sherman, Kirby M. Silveira, Catrina J. Yan, Mingquan Yu, Ling Leon, Abigail Klages, Kasey White, lauren G. smith, Hannah M. Wolff, Sarah M. Falck, Alyssa Muneoka, Ken Brunauer, Regina Gaddy, Dana Suva, Larry J. Dawson, Lindsay A. Texas A&M Univ Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci Dept Vet Physiol & Pharmacol College Stn TX 77843 USA LBG Ludwig Boltzmann Inst Traumatol Res Ctr Cooperat AUVA A-1200 Vienna Austria Austrian Cluster Tissue Regenerat A-1200 Vienna Austria Texas A&M Univ Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci Dept Vet Integrat Biosci College Stn TX 77843 USA

Trisomy of human chromosome 21 (Ts21) individuals present with a spectrum of low bone mineral density (BMD) that predisposes this vulnerable group to skeletal injuries. To determine the bone regenerative capacity of Down syndrome (DS) mice, male and female Dp16 and Ts65Dn DS mice underwent amputation of the digit tip (the terminal phalanx (P3)). This is a well-established mammalian model of bone regeneration that restores the amputated skeletal segment and all associated soft tissues. P3 amputation was performed in 8-week-old male and female DS mice and WT controls and followed by in vivo mu CT, histology and immunofluorescence. Following P3 amputation, the bone degradation phase was attenuated in both Dp16 and Ts65Dn males. In Dp16 males, P3 regeneration was delayed but complete by 63 days post amputation (DPA);however, male Ts65Dn exhibited attenuated regeneration by 63 DPA. In both Dp16 and Ts65Dn female DS mice, P3 regenerates were indistinguishable from WT by 42 DPA. In Ts65Dn males, osteoclasts and eroded bone surface were significantly reduced, and osteoblast number significantly decreased in the regenerating digit. In Ts65Dn females, no significant differences were observed in any osteoclast or osteoblast parameter. Like Ts21 individuals and DS mice with sex differences in bone mass, these data expand the characteristic sexually dimorphism to include bone resorption and regeneration in response to skeletal injury in Ts65Dn mice. These observations suggest that sex differences contribute to the poor bone healing of DS and compound the increased risk of bone injury in the Ts21 population.

关键词： Digit Down syndrome Bone Ts65Dn Regeneration P3 Dp16

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Symptoms Do Not Predict White Matter Injury in the Watershed Regions in Children with Moyamoya

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JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2025年 276卷 114372-114372页

作者： Ahtam, Banu Meadows, Julie Berto, Laura F. Lildharrie, Christina Solti, Marina Doo, Justin M. Feldman, Henry A. Vyas, Rutvi Zhang, Fan O'Donnell, lauren J. Rathi, Yogesh Stout, Jeffrey smith, Edward R. Orbach, Darren B. See, Alfred P. Grant, P. Ellen Lehman, Laura L. Boston Childrens Hosp Dept Pediat Div Newborn Med Boston MA 02115 USA Harvard Med Sch Boston MA USA Boston Childrens Hosp Dept Neurol 300 Longwood AveFegan 11 Boston MA 02115 USA Brigham & Womens Hosp Dept Radiol Boston MA USA Boston Childrens Hosp Dept Neurosurg Boston MA 02115 USA Boston Childrens Hosp Dept Radiol Boston MA 02115 USA

Objective To assess whether white matter injuries differ in symptomatic vs asymptomatic moyamoya-affected hemispheres using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging since there is controversy regarding when or if to revascularize children with asymptomatic moyamoya. Study design We conducted a cross-sectional study of children with moyamoya who underwent diffusion magnetic resonance imaging before revascularization surgery as well as controls without moyamoya. We measured the fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, radial diffusivity, and axial diffusivity of white matter tracts in the watershed regions. Moyamoya-affected hemispheres were included if they did not have any visible stroke or infarct. Moyamoya-affected hemispheres were labeled "symptomatic" if transient ischemic attack, seizure, or movement disorder were localizable to that hemisphere, or if the child experienced headaches. Moyamoya-affected hemispheres were "asymptomatic" if the child did not have symptoms attributable to that hemisphere. Asymptomatic and symptomatic hemispheres were compared with each other and control children using ANOVA. Results We included 17 children with moyamoya with 26 moyamoya-affected hemispheres and 27 control children. Compared with controls, mean diffusivity, radial diffusivity, and axial diffusivity were greater in both symptomatic and asymptomatic moyamoya-affected hemispheres but were not significantly different from each other. Conclusions Children with moyamoya without stroke or silent infarct have unrecognized white matter injury that is similar in both symptomatic and asymptomatic moyamoya-affected hemispheres, suggesting that symptoms do not accurately reflect moyamoya severity. (J Pediatr 2025;276:114372).

关键词： AD Axial diffusivity dMRI Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging FA Fractional anisotropy FOV Field of view HgSS Hemoglobin SS MD Mean diffusivity NF1 Neurofibromatosis type 1 RD Radial diffusivity TE Echo time TR Repetition time UKF Unscented Kalman filter

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Repurposing of apoptotic inducer drugs against Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 2025年第1期15卷 1-13页

作者： Nyambo, Kudakwashe Soko, Vivette Tapfuma, Kudzanai Ian Motaung, Bongani Adu-Amankwaah, Francis Julius, lauren Klein, Ashwil Keyster, Marshall Baatjies, Lucinda smith, Liezel Govender, Krishna Kuben Ngxande, Mkhuseli Loxton, Andre G. Mavumengwana, Vuyo Stellenbosch Univ DSI NRF Ctr Excellence Biomed TB Res Cape Town South Africa Stellenbosch Univ South African Med Res Council Ctr TB Res Cape Town South Africa Stellenbosch Univ Fac Med & Hlth Sci Div Mol Biol & Human Genet Cape Town South Africa Univ Western Cape Dept Biotechnol Cape Town South Africa Univ Stellenbosch Fac Sci Dept Math Sci Comp Sci Div Matieland South Africa Univ Johannesburg Dept Chem Sci Doornfontein Campus POB 17011 ZA-2028 Johannesburg South Africa Natl Inst Theoret & Computat Sci NITheCS Stellenbosch South Africa

Computational approaches complement traditional in-vitro or in-vivo assays, significantly accelerating the drug discovery process by increasing the probability of identifying promising lead compounds. In this study, the apoptotic compounds were assessed for antimycobacterial activity and immunomodulatory potential in infected THP-1 macrophage cells. The antimycobacterial activity of the apoptotic compounds was evaluated using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay. The immunomodulatory potential of the apoptotic compounds was determined on mycobacterial-infected THP-1 and non-infected THP-1 macrophage cells. The potential binding dynamics of the compounds against InhA were predicted using molecular docking, molecular dynamics, and MM-GBSA binding free energies. The in-vitro MIC assay showed that cepharanthine (CEP) had the highest antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis mc(2)155 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, with MICs of 3.1 and 1.5 mu g/mL, respectively, followed by CP-31398 dihydrochloride hydrate (DIH) (MICs = 6.2 and 3.1 mu g/mL, respectively), marinopyrrole A (MAR) (MICs = 25 and 12.5 mu g/mL, respectively), and nutlin-3a (NUT) (MICs = 50 and 25 mu g/mL, respectively). MICs for the rest of the drugs were > 200 mu g/mL against both M. smegmatis mc(2)155 and M. tuberculosis H37Rv. Furthermore, the growth of M. smegmatis mc(2)155 in infected THP-1 macrophage cells treated with DIH, CEP, carboxyatractyloside potassium salt (CAR), and NUT was inhibited by the mentioned drugs. Cytokine profiling showed that DIH optimally regulated the secretion of IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha which potentially enhanced the clearance of the intracellular pathogen. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that NUT, MAR, 17-(allylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG), and BV02 strongly bind to InhA. However, 17-AAG and BV02 did not show significant activity in-vitro. This study highlights the importance of probing already existing chemical scaffolds as a

关键词： Drug repurposing Tuberculosis Host-directed therapy Cytokine profiling Molecular dynamics simulation

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The effect of plantar calcaneal spur excision on plantar fascia surgery outcomes

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Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery 2025年第3期64卷 296-301页

作者： Cooperman, Steven R. Christie, lauren M. smith, Chad A. Olaniyan, Abisola Hyer, Christopher F. Fellow Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Center Advanced Foot and Ankle Reconstruction Fellowship 350 W. Wilson Bridge Rd Ste. 200 Worthington 43085 OH United States Strategic planning consultant Highmark Wholecare United States Fellowship-Trained Board Certified Foot and Ankle Surgeon Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Center 350 W. Wilson Bridge Rd Ste. 200 Worthington 43085 OH United States

Plantar heel pain is a prevalent condition affecting 10 % of the population, with plantar fasciitis being the most common cause. Plantar calcaneal spurs are frequently associated with plantar fasciitis, yet their role in the condition and surgical outcomes remains unclear. This study investigates the impact of plantar calcaneal spur excision on the outcomes of plantar fascia surgery, utilizing a radiofrequency microtenotomy and bone marrow aspiration technique. A retrospective review of 136 plantar fascia surgeries was conducted with 83 cases including plantar calcaneal spur excision. Demographic and operative factors were analyzed. Outcomes included time to weight-bearing in a boot and shoes, symptom resolution, and complications. Plantar calcaneal spur excision was associated with a statistically significant delay in symptom resolution (p = 0.006) and time to weight-bearing in shoes (p = 0.020). A statistically significant difference was observed regarding operative laterality, with right-sided surgeries demonstrating an increased time to symptom resolution (p = 0.007) and a higher retreatment rate (p = 0.017) compared to left-sided surgeries. There was no significant difference in complication rates or the need for retreatment between excision and non-excision groups. These findings highlight the need for careful consideration of plantar calcaneal spur excision in surgical planning for plantar fasciitis, with implications for patient education and management strategies. © 2024

关键词： 3 Bone marrow aspiration Calcaneal exostosis Heel exostosis Heel pain Microtenotomy Retrospective cohort study

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