Self-heating effects (SHE) in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) based tri-gate junctionless field effect transistor (TG-JLFET) due to low thermal conductivity of buried oxide (SiO2) is studied in this paper. Self-heating res...
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Self-heating effects (SHE) in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) based tri-gate junctionless field effect transistor (TG-JLFET) due to low thermal conductivity of buried oxide (SiO2) is studied in this paper. Self-heating results in degradation of drain current due to reduced mobility and also negative differential conductance (NDC) is seen in saturation region. This paper shows that substrate bias voltage can dynamically reduce self-heating and NDC in TG-JLFETs. The analysis is carried out by three-dimensional TCAD simulation using Sentaurus device simulator.
Introduction. - Exhaustive exercise adversely affects biomarkers of creatine metabolism yet it remains unknown when the values back toward pre-disturbance conditions. Here, we evaluated a 24-hour post-exercise respons...
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Introduction. - Exhaustive exercise adversely affects biomarkers of creatine metabolism yet it remains unknown when the values back toward pre-disturbance conditions. Here, we evaluated a 24-hour post-exercise response in serum guanidinoacetic acid (GM), creatine and creatinine in young active men subjected to a single session of exhaustive resistance exercise and matched it with exercise-induced changes in serum cortisol, interleukin 6 (IL-6), creatine kinase (CK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Summary of facts and results. - Twelve healthy active men (age 22.7 +/- 0.8 years;weight 79.8 +/- 7.3 kg;height 182.4 +/- 4.9 cm;weekly exercise 5.1 +/- 1.6 hours) were subjected to a single session of bench press exercise until volitional exhaustion, with venous blood sampled before, immediately after exercise (similar to 2 min), and after 15 min, 60 min and 24 h after the end of exercise. Baseline values for serum GM, creatine and creatinine were 2.2 +/- 0.5 mu mol/L, 18.9 +/- 3.6 mu mol/L, and 72.4 +/- 6.0 mu mol/L, respectively. Serum GM significantly dropped for 9.6 +/- 7.3% immediately after bench press exercise (95% CI, 5.0 to 14.2;P<0.001), while both creatine and creatinine increased immediately after the test for 5.0 +/- 2.5% (95% CI, 3A to 6.6;P<0.001) and 11.9 +/- 4.3% (95% CI, 9.2 to 14.6;P<0.001), respectively. GM and creatine levels recovered to the baseline values after 24 hours post-exercise, yet creatinine remained significantly higher at 24-hour period as compared to the baseline values for 2.5 +/- 2.3% (95% CI, 1.0 to 4.0;P = 0.002). In addition, no significant correlations were found between serum cortisol, IL-6, CK and LDH and creatine metabolites (P > 0.05). Conclusion. - A single session of exhaustive resistance exercise induces transient alterations in biomarkers of creatine metabolism, with serum creatinine outlined as a most persistent marker of exhaustion. Exercise-induced changes in creatine metabolism poorly corresponded to perturbations in i
The synthesis of high activity atomically precise nanoclusters is crucial to understand structure-property relationships in environmentally friendly reactions. However, Pd nanoclusters have been rarely reported due to...
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The synthesis of high activity atomically precise nanoclusters is crucial to understand structure-property relationships in environmentally friendly reactions. However, Pd nanoclusters have been rarely reported due to their susceptibility to oxidization. In this work, Pd-n nanoclusters protected by bis[2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl] ether (DPEphos) have been synthesized and fully characterized by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and HAADF-STEM. In the hydrogenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF), which is an important candidate for liquid fuels, the supported Pd-n nanoclusters show great catalytic performance with a yield of 94.1% under mild conditions. The theoretical investigations reveal that, in the phosphate protected Pd-n system, the desorption of DMF is the rate-determining step. And compared with the Pd catalyst coordinated with PPh3, the Pd-n catalyst protected by DPEphos has a modest desorption ability of DMF, leading to the high yield of DMF. This work presents the synthesis and application of a Pd-n catalyst with bidentate phosphine ligands, which could contribute to the development of rational design of effective catalysts in biomass and energy conversion.
Abstract. Cell cycle characteristics were studied in hamster cheek pouch epithelium under normal conditions, in hyperplasia induced by topical DMBA treatment for 5 weeks, in pre‐neoplastic epithelium after 12 weeks o...
Abstract. Cell cycle characteristics were studied in hamster cheek pouch epithelium under normal conditions, in hyperplasia induced by topical DMBA treatment for 5 weeks, in pre‐neoplastic epithelium after 12 weeks of DMBA, and in DMBA induced squamous cell carcinoma. Vinblastine sulphate was used to measure mitotic rate, and the other cell cycle parameters were obtained from tritiated thymidine autoradiography, using the pulse chase method. Te was found to be reduced from the normal value of 163.9 hours to 90.8 hours in hyperplastic epithelium, 22.7 hours in pre‐neoplastic epithelium and 15.4 hours in carcinoma. All phases of the cell cycle were reduced in duration progressively during the stages of carcinoma induction, but the great reduction in Te was due chiefly to shortening of Tg1 by about 95 %. 1972 Munksgaard
We give a visual construction of two solutions to Kirkman's fifteen schoolgirl problem by combining the fifteen simplicial elements of a tetrahedron. Furthermore, we show that the two solutions are nonisomorphic b...
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We give a visual construction of two solutions to Kirkman's fifteen schoolgirl problem by combining the fifteen simplicial elements of a tetrahedron. Furthermore, we show that the two solutions are nonisomorphic by introducing a new combinatorial algorithm. It turns out that the two solutions are precisely the two nonisomorphic arrangements of the 35 projective lines of PG(3, 2) into seven classes of five mutually skew lines. Finally, we show that the two solutions are interchanged by the canonical duality of the projective space.
The adaptive high-gain output feedback strategy u(t) = -k (t)y(t), (d/dt)k(t) = parallel toy(t)parallel to(2) is, well established in the context of linear, minimum-phase, m-input m-output systems (A, B, C) with the p...
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The adaptive high-gain output feedback strategy u(t) = -k (t)y(t), (d/dt)k(t) = parallel toy(t)parallel to(2) is, well established in the context of linear, minimum-phase, m-input m-output systems (A, B, C) with the property that spec(CB) C C+;the strategy applied to any such linear system achieves the performance objectives of: 1) global attractivity of the zero state and 2) convergence of the adapting gain to a finite limit. Here, these results are generalized in three aspects. First, the class of systems is enlarged to a class N-h(mu), encompassing nonlinear systems modeled by functional differential equations, where the parameter h greater than or equal to 0 quantifies system memory and the continuous function mu : [0, infinity) --> [0,infinity), with mu(0) = 0, relates to the allowable system nonlinearities. Second, the linear control law is replaced by u(t) = -k(t)[y(t) + mu(parallel toy(t)parallel to)/parallel toy(t)parallel to]y(t), wherein the additional nonlinear term counteracts the system nonlinearities. Third, the quadratic adaptation law is replaced by the law (d/dt) k (t) = psi(parallel toy(t)parallel to), where the continuous function psi satisfies certain growth conditions determined by mu (in particular cases, e.g., linear systems, a bounded function psi is admissible). Performance objectives 1) and 2) above are shown to persist in the generalized framework.
A dealloyed surface layer formed on a Cu-30 Au alloy due to a corrosion process is capable of inducing intergranular cleavage of the normally ductile substrate during subsequent mechanical loading. The structure of th...
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A dealloyed surface layer formed on a Cu-30 Au alloy due to a corrosion process is capable of inducing intergranular cleavage of the normally ductile substrate during subsequent mechanical loading. The structure of the dealloyed layer consists of nanoscale pores that were formed by the selective removal of copper atoms during the anodic polarization. To contribute to the understanding of enviromentally-induced embrittlement, we presently compute the stress state within the porous layer and in the bulk substrate due to the eigenstraining by the dealloying. The results of the calculations show that a tensile stress state exists in the porous dealloyed layer while a compressive stress state is generated in the substrate. Implications on the "film-induced cleavage" model of stress corrosion cracking mechanism are discussed.
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