Objective: 1) To determine the prevalence of current alcohol abuse/alcohol dependence (AA/AD) among the full injury range of ED motor vehicle crash (MVC) patients;and 2) compare AA/AD and non-AA/AD patient characteris...
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Objective: 1) To determine the prevalence of current alcohol abuse/alcohol dependence (AA/AD) among the full injury range of ED motor vehicle crash (MVC) patients;and 2) compare AA/AD and non-AA/AD patient characteristics. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study using a stratified random sample of MVC patients aged greater than or equal to 18 years presenting to a university hospital and university-affiliate community hospital ED from May 1, 1992, to August 30, 1994. A diagnosis of current AA/AD was based on the alcohol section of the Diagnostic Interview Survey (DIS). Other measurements included the presence of blood alcohol (BAC+), Injury Severity Score (ISS-85), occupant status (driver/passenger), age, gender, seat belt use, culpability for crash, and ED disposition (admitted vs released). A weighted prevalence was determined;subgroups were compared using t-tests, chi(2), 2-factor analysis, and logistic regression modeling;alpha = 0.05. Results: 1,161 patients were studied. The weighted prevalence of current AA/AD was 22.5%;53% of these patients were released from the ED. Almost 45% of the patients with current AA/AD were BAC-. When controlling for BAC and AA/AD, greater injury severity and culpability were associated with a BAC+, but not with current AA/AD. Conclusion: Almost 23% of ED MVC patients have current AA/AD;BAC testing does not accurately identify these patients. Intervention strategies must be directed to both admitted and released patients.
In this study, to obtain a high solid-solution strengthening effect, new Ti alloys with bimodal structures were designed using the delta-parameter, which represents the average atomic radius misfit of the constituent ...
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In this study, to obtain a high solid-solution strengthening effect, new Ti alloys with bimodal structures were designed using the delta-parameter, which represents the average atomic radius misfit of the constituent elements used in high-entropy alloys. The delta-parameter calculated by the alloy composition was used to estimate the average solid-solution strengthening of the alloys. In particular, to clarify the effect of Zr and Sn in Ti alloys, Ti alloys were designed with different amounts of Zr and/or Sn using the delta-parameter. The compressive strength and creep behavior of the designed alloys were investigated to determine whether the delta-parameter is useful for designing strengthened alloys. The compressive strength of the designed alloys was comparable to or higher than that of the commercial TIMETAL834 alloy up to 650 degrees C. This indicates that the delta-parameter is a useful parameter for estimating the average solid-solution strengthening of the alloys. The compressive strengths of the designed alloys were approximately proportional to the 4/3 power of the delta-parameter. An increase in the strength by precipitation strengthening by alpha(2)-Ti3Al was also observed in the Sn-added alloys, whereas Ti3Al was not formed in the Sn-free alloys. Microstructural factors, such as the volume fraction of the equiaxed a phase and lamellar spacing in the bimodal microstructure, significantly contributed to the minimum creep strain rate, in addition to solid-solution and precipitation strengthening.
AbstractThe experimental relation between birefringence and dynamic compliance has been determined for a wide range of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers. This relation is explained by two complementary versions of t...
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AbstractThe experimental relation between birefringence and dynamic compliance has been determined for a wide range of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers. This relation is explained by two complementary versions of the series aggregate model. The classical series aggregate model provides a satisfactory interpretation of the data for the low‐oriented fibers. A model developed earlier for aramid fibers explains the data for the well‐oriented fibers. By monitoring the dynamic compliance during creep and stress relaxation of well‐oriented fibers it is shown that these phenomena are caused by shear relaxation, resulting in a progressive contraction of the chain orientation distrib
Similarity based rough set theory (RST) involving choice in the formation of approximations was recently introduced by the present author. Though the theory can be used to develop improved semantics and models of know...
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Similarity based rough set theory (RST) involving choice in the formation of approximations was recently introduced by the present author. Though the theory can be used to develop improved semantics and models of knowledge and belief with ontology, application requires a priori concepts of granules and granulation as opposed to the more common a posteriori or not a priori concepts of the same prevalent in the literature. In this research, we clarify the desirable semantic features of a context for seamless application of the theory to more general situations, formalise them and refine the semantics. A new axiomatic theory of granules in general RST (including hybrid versions involving fuzzy set theories) is also developed in the process. Interesting new applications to human learning are also illustrated in this paper. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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