This study adopts the Resource-Based View (RBV) framework in investigating the relationships between the resources/capabilities of public organizations and their performance in an Arab oil-rich country, i.e. the Unite...
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This study adopts the Resource-Based View (RBV) framework in investigating the relationships between the resources/capabilities of public organizations and their performance in an Arab oil-rich country, i.e. the United Arab Emirates (UAE). It concludes that the organizational financial and human resources and capabilities are found to influence organizational performance of the surveyed public organizations. An additional analysis shows that slack of resources, i.e. financial resources, is found to be the only significant organizational resource to influence corporate social performance. The findings of this study along with the interpretation of the RBV of organizational performance in the public sector reflect 'practice variation' and conclude that policy makers should deal with the fact that the current slack of resources in the UAE, as a major oil-producing country, may not last forever.
Although disturbed phosphate metabolism frequently accompanies chronic kidney disease (CKD), its causal role in CKD progression remains unclear. It is also not fully understood how excess salt induces organ damage. We...
Although disturbed phosphate metabolism frequently accompanies chronic kidney disease (CKD), its causal role in CKD progression remains unclear. It is also not fully understood how excess salt induces organ damage. We here show that urinary phosphate-containing nanoparticles promote kidney injury in salt-sensitive hypertension. In Dahl salt-sensitive rats, salt loading resulted in a significant increase in urinary phosphate excretion without altering serum phosphate levels. An intestinal phosphate binder sucroferric oxyhydroxide attenuated renal inflammation and proteinuria in this model, along with the suppression of phosphaturia. Using cultured proximal tubule cells, we confirmed direct pathogenic roles of phosphate-containing nanoparticles in renal tubules. Finally, transcriptome analysis revealed a potential role of complement C1q in renal inflammation associated with altered phosphate metabolism. These data demonstrate that increased phosphate excretion promotes renal inflammation in salt-sensitive hypertension and suggest a role of disturbed phosphate metabolism in the pathophysiology of hypertensive kidney disease and high salt-induced kidney injury. Qin Wang et al. show that altered phosphate metabolism contributes to the progression of kidney disease using a salt-sensitive rat model. They demonstrate that using the phosphate binder sucroferric oxyhydroxide reduces kidney injury and, using transcriptome sequencing, identify a potential role for complement C1q in kidney inflammation linked to phosphate metabolism defects.
For criterion-referenced (C-R) tests, variance was defined as a measure of the variability of scores from the criterion of minimal, acceptable performance. By analogy to norm-referenced test theory C-R reliability was...
For criterion-referenced (C-R) tests, variance was defined as a measure of the variability of scores from the criterion of minimal, acceptable performance. By analogy to norm-referenced test theory C-R reliability was defined as the proportion of observed variance attributable to true variance. The definition of C-R reliability was then extended to the mean of a number of parallel measures. A typical test situation was described as a randomized, complete block design. For this design a score model was formulated which incorporated the criterion of minimal, acceptable performance. Expected values for the mean squares, error and person, were derived and shown to be equal to observed and error variance for C-R tests. C-R reliability was then redefined in terms of the expected values, error and person. Using the methods developed, C-R was calculated for a hypothetical example.
The early development of the zebra fish (Danio rerio) embryo is characterized by a series of rapid and synchronous cell cycles with no detectable transcription. This period is followed by the midblastula transition (M...
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The early development of the zebra fish (Danio rerio) embryo is characterized by a series of rapid and synchronous cell cycles with no detectable transcription. This period is followed by the midblastula transition (MET), during which the cell cycle gradually lengthens, cell synchrony is lost, and zygotic transcription is initially detected. In this work, we examined the changes in the pattern of the cell cycle during MBT in zebra fish and whether these changes are dependent on the initiation of zygotic transcription. To characterize the pattern of the early zebra fish cell cycles, the embryonic DNA content was determined by flow cytometric analysis. We found that G(1) phase is below detection levels during the first 10 cleavages and can be initially detected at the onset of MET. Inhibition of zygotic transcription, by microinjection of actinomycin D, abolished the appearance of G(1) phase at MET. Premature activation of zygotic transcription, by microinjection of nonspecific;DNA, induced G(1) phase before the onset of MET, while coinjection of actinomycin D and nonspecific DNA abolished this early appearance of G;phase. We therefore suggest that during the early development of the zebra fish embryo, G(1) phase appears at the onset of MBT and that the activation of transcription at MBT is essential and sufficient for the G(1)-phase induction.
BACKGROUND. Because most low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) regress spontaneously, the appropriate follow-up of women with a cytologic diagnosis of LSIL has engendered discussion. This retrospective stu...
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BACKGROUND. Because most low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) regress spontaneously, the appropriate follow-up of women with a cytologic diagnosis of LSIL has engendered discussion. This retrospective study was undertaken to assess the feasibility of limiting colposcopy to women with cytologic interpretations of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) in a high-risk population. METHODS. The pathology Computer files (including files from January to December 1997) of The University Hospital, Univeristy of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, revealed 197 women whose histologic samples were coded as severe dysptasia. Of these, 138 had a cervical smear interpreted in our laboratory before the colposcopic visit. On review, the tissue samples of 119 women met consensus criteria for severe dysplasia. RESULTS. original cytologic diagnoses for 119 cytologic smears included 80 (62.7%) that were interpreted as HSIL. After retrospective review, 28 cases with LSIL or less were reclassified as HSIL and were considered to be discrepant for the purpose of this study, Major confounding factors in the original categorization include lack of consistency among the pathologists for the interpretation of metaplastic patterns and specimen adequacy, particularly air-drying artifact. Eleven cases (10.2%) did not have cells identifiable as HSIL because of sampling error and/or severe air-drying artifact. CONCLUSIONS. These results indicate that a substantial number of histologically verified cases of severe dysplasia can have a smear interpretation of LSIL or less. The factors that hampered recognition of the true severity, of the lesion in this series were identified and tabulated. (C) 2002 American Cancer Society.
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