The glass transition temperature (T-g) of sugar-related glasses is close to room temperature and here we report the affect of water concentration on the T-g of caramel-water mixtures. Based on viscosity measurements, ...
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The glass transition temperature (T-g) of sugar-related glasses is close to room temperature and here we report the affect of water concentration on the T-g of caramel-water mixtures. Based on viscosity measurements, thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments we have investigated the occurrence of the T-g during differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) runs on cooling (down to similar to170K) and heating cycles of the caramel glasses and caramel-water mixtures. The caramel-water mixtures are viscous melts with Newtonian rheology. Their melts bear a resemblance to a silicate melt which do not deviate from Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann (VFT) equation fit as the glass approaches T-g The DSC measurements did detect low temperature transitions in caramel-water mixtures and the T-g of the dried caramel glass sample. If crystallization is avoided on cooling to similar to170K then a glass transition and devitrification of the mixture will occur on heating the sample from similar to170K up to the ambient room temperature. The delectability of the glass transition depends on the cooling rate and water concentration. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
This paper presents the development and empirical evaluation of a voice-based web browser called BrowserVox, capable of dealing with different Brazilian-Portuguese websites. The system uses Automatic Speech Recognitio...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9788576691990
This paper presents the development and empirical evaluation of a voice-based web browser called BrowserVox, capable of dealing with different Brazilian-Portuguese websites. The system uses Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) and Text-to-Speech (TTS) components, providing opportunity for mouse or voice interaction (multimodal), with audiovisual feedback. With multiuser capability, it works immediately, without requires previous training of the speech recognition component. We get these features through the use of an auxiliary grammar which contains recognition rules dynamically created for each URL accessed. Even with the limited set of recognizable commands, we can create variations of these commands by using additional auxiliary words (eg please), in static and recursive rules included in grammar. This technique allows the commands to become more humanized. It also allows the system to ignore certain words that are uttered spontaneously by users during the dictation of the command, thus improving the efficiency of the speech recognition system. Finally, we applied usability testing, adopting a set of criteria proposed by Nielsen to evaluate the performance of the navigation system.
To eliminate the conceptual distance between the hardware instruction set and the user interface, some architects advocate High Level Language (HLL) machines. To obtain simple, fast and cheap machines, some architects...
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An independent operator in offshore California has successfully achieved triple-zone intelligent well completions in an extended-reach drilling (ERD) campaign in its Rocky Point field. To date, two workover interventi...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781605601007
An independent operator in offshore California has successfully achieved triple-zone intelligent well completions in an extended-reach drilling (ERD) campaign in its Rocky Point field. To date, two workover interventions have been performed in a total of five deployments in the field, of which three are currently fully operational. The Rocky Point reservoir is a highly fractured carbonate and can rapidly initiate water production. Achieving zonal isolation in the wellbore and at the reservoir level is critical. During the production stage it was recognized that two of the wells did not achieve the required zonal isolation evident by increasing water cut. Thus, the operator made the decision to retrieve these completions to conduct liner cement repairs. These triple-zone completions are controlled by 31/2-in. tubing-retrievable flow-control valves, open/close and multiple-position, that work with dedicated gauges for monitoring of pressure and temperature. Each of the productive zones was isolated by three multiple-port retrievable production packers. The main challenges in retrieving these completions were: Conveyance of the cutting tools to depth (due to ERD profile);Accurate location of the cutting targets (+/- 6 inches at 18,000 ft MD);Severing all control/electric lines and pulling all 3 packers in the same trip;Redressing and re-running the completions within 2 weeks of retrieval. This paper describes the feasibility of deploying explosive jet cutters by pumping wireline conveyed assemblies to locator profiles above each packer, which allowed for simple, cost effective intervention, avoiding costly mobiliziation of tractors or coiled tubing. Lessons learned are shown on how completions components were affected by the cutting operation and the extent of their refurbishment before re-completion The paper also identifies some modifications to intelligent completion design parameters (eg minimum distance of control valves from packers) that will be implemented in f
To understand the characteristics of aerospike nozzle and develop appropriate method for designing aerospike nozzle, numerical investigations about the effect of backpressure, freestream, bleed and base contour on lin...
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With the development of the power grid to the direction of intelligence and digitization, distributed generations have gradually become an important part of the distribution network. However, the randomness of distrib...
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ISBN:
(数字)9798331520090
ISBN:
(纸本)9798331520106
With the development of the power grid to the direction of intelligence and digitization, distributed generations have gradually become an important part of the distribution network. However, the randomness of distributed generations' output influenced by surrounding environment, together with the high-dimensional distribution network scheduling model, brings great challenges to the formulation and implementation of distribution network scheduling optimization. Therefore, this paper proposes multi-timescale distribution network optimization based on deep transfer reinforcement learning. Firstly, considering difference of devices' action speed, the coordination of the discrete device and the continuous device is realized through cooperation between different timescale. Therefore, action plan for discrete device is determined by stochastic optimization in the day-ahead phase. Secondly, a deep reinforcement learning optimization model of continuous devices is established in intraday phase and trained according to short term prediction data to lay the model foundation for knowledge transfer. Then, the trained model is used to do parameter transfer. In this way, the scheduling strategy can be adjusted according to the real-time output data, so as to ensure a more stable and optimized operation of the distribution network. The experimental results show that the proposed method can adjust the scheduling strategy quickly, the algorithm is more convergent, and the exploration is faster.
A new contractor is signed on to perform electrical work. The corporate environmental health and safety verification process is complete. The terms, conditions and other commercial terms are in place between both orga...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781479920983
A new contractor is signed on to perform electrical work. The corporate environmental health and safety verification process is complete. The terms, conditions and other commercial terms are in place between both organizations. Now, as the host company's representative, the next most important step in the process begins: qualify the individual electrical workers prior to them entering work site. Poor management of this critical task can impede to successful project completion dates, the host company's bottom line and even endanger human life. This presentation will discuss the pitfalls of hiring the wrong, non-compliant contractor and how to ensure the on-site personnel can perform the project successfully and safely.
Stratigraphic sequence contrast and sequence stratigraphic framework are of great significance for the sedimentary phase and sedimentary systems of coal-accumulating basin. In the coal-bearing basin, the variation of ...
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