For self-assembled Cu-phthalocyanine(Pc)-dendrimer thin films containing a phenanthrolin were observed as a rod-like assembly on HOPG substrate, but as a network structure on mica substrate using AFM. The Ru-phenanthr...
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For self-assembled Cu-phthalocyanine(Pc)-dendrimer thin films containing a phenanthrolin were observed as a rod-like assembly on HOPG substrate, but as a network structure on mica substrate using AFM. The Ru-phenanthrolin complex on the terpryridine-treated glass were effectively performed by MW heating to form CuPc(Phen)-dendrimer monolayer films that were optically showed the characteristic Soret and Q-band for Pc and the sharp emission at 450nm. Furthermore, we will report on the orientation effects of thin films by MW heating on these substrates.
We have surveyed the planting cost data and the yield data of wheat farmers in Shandong province in 2012. To analyze the effect of wheat planting cost for production, these data were divided into two groups according ...
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This paper reports a novel nonlinear MEMS mechanism for energy harvesting applications based on vibrating source. The typical mechanism to harvest energy is based on resonance mechanical bodies (linear systems) that e...
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As a result of the general policy of the Motor Transport Corps to standardize the materials used for automotive vehicles for Army Service, in cooperation with the Bureau of Standards, the Society of Automotive Enginee...
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As a result of the general policy of the Motor Transport Corps to standardize the materials used for automotive vehicles for Army Service, in cooperation with the Bureau of Standards, the Society of Automotive Engineers and the automotive industry, the Bureau of Standards has been engaged for some time in developing a standard method for testing brake-linings. While the work is not complete, much information has been gained. This paper reports the progress of the work. The equipment developed and the methods used for both main and supplementary tests are described. Information is given regarding the coefficient of friction, as influenced by various factors. The endurance test, showing the comparative behavior of linings under conditions similar to those of severe service, is believed to be satisfactory as developed. Further work is necessary before recommending the conditions for the other test, intended to determine the relative endurance under ordinary or light service. In work done so far with a cooled drum and over a very wide range of power absorption and speed, difficulties arising from the accumulation in the lining of particles of steel cut from the drum have persisted. Supplementary tests, covering the tendency of a lining to stick when brakes are left applied on a hot drum, and to ascertain the relative absorption of oil and water, are described. The influence of oil and water on the coefficient of friction is shown.
Society and the environment in the arid southwestern United States depend on reliable water availability, yet current water use outpaces supply. Water demand is projected to grow in the future and climate change is ex...
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Society and the environment in the arid southwestern United States depend on reliable water availability, yet current water use outpaces supply. Water demand is projected to grow in the future and climate change is expected to reduce supply. To adapt, water managers need robust estimates of future regional water supply to support management decisions. To address this need, we estimate future streamflow in seven water resource regions in the southwestern U.S. using a new SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes (SPARROW) streamflow model. We present streamflow projections corresponding to input data from seven climate models and two greenhouse gas Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP4.5 and 8.5) for three, thirty-year intervals centered on the 2030s, 2050s, and 2080s, and for a historical thirty year interval centered on the 1990s. Across water resource regions, about half of the RCP4.5 models (51%) and two thirds of the RCP8.5 models (67%) indicate decreases in streamflow in the 2080s relative to the historical period. Models project maximum decreases in streamflow of 36–80% in all water resource regions for all periods and RCPs relative to historical streamflow, and maximum streamflow decreases of up to 20–45% in the 2080s at sites along the Colorado River used for measuring compliance with interstate and international water agreements. Headwaters are projected to experience the greatest declines, with substantial downstream implications. Among these estimates, the streamflows from models forced with RCP8.5 tend to be lower than those forced with RCP4.5. Not all climate models, times, and RCPs project widespread streamflow declines. The most ubiquitous streamflow increases are projected to occur in the 2030s under RCP4.5. Later time periods and enhanced greenhouse gas forcings indicate smaller regions of streamflow increase and lower accumulated streamflows, suggesting that limiting or reducing greenhouse gas concentrations could support futur
The proposed circuit utilizes a method to lower the output noise (V-ONOISE) of an amplifier by band-pass filtering it, while the amplifier's speed is increased by dynamically boosting its operating current when th...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781538623114
The proposed circuit utilizes a method to lower the output noise (V-ONOISE) of an amplifier by band-pass filtering it, while the amplifier's speed is increased by dynamically boosting its operating current when the amplifier's inputs (V-IN) receive a large transient signal. This amplifier uses a winner-take-all (WTA) circuit that detects un-equilibrium at V-IN, upon which the amplifier's bias current and its dynamic response are boosted. The WTA has a symmetric structure and operates in current mode that enhances the amplifier's dynamic response during boost on and off conditions, and facilitates operations at low power supply voltage (V-DD). The boost signals that WTA initiates, feed a summing and floating current source (FCS) that also have a complementary and symmetric structure, which accommodates rail-to-rail (RR) dynamic biasing and improves V-DD transient and noise rejection. Monte Carlo (MC) and worst case (WC) simulations are performed, indicating the following specifications as attainable: large-signal settling time (ts) similar to 1 mu s, current consumption (I-DD) similar to 85nA, V-DD under 1 volt (V), V-ONOISE at 1KHz similar to 75 mu V/root Hz, gain (Av) similar to 98dB, unity gain frequency (fu) similar to 70kHz, phase margin (PM) similar to 80 degrees, PSRR similar to 115dB, CMRR similar to 145dB. Amplifier rough area similar to 45 mu m/side in 0.18 mu m CMOS.
In this paper, we test the performance of single and dual frequency GPS and Galileo GNSS receivers in terms of satellite-receiver range estimation. In particular, we focus on the effects caused by ionosphere and multi...
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