This paper presents an analytical study of the effect of model predictive control (MPC) tunable parameters over a wide range, on the closed-loop performance quantified in terms of the location(s) of closed-loop eigenv...
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This paper presents an analytical study of the effect of model predictive control (MPC) tunable parameters over a wide range, on the closed-loop performance quantified in terms of the location(s) of closed-loop eigenvalue(s) of a large set of widely common, single-input single-output, linear plants whose constraints are inactive. Symbolic manipulation capabilities of MATHEMATICA are used to obtain analytical expressions describing the dependence of closed-loop eigenvalues on the tunable parameters. This work is first to investigate how MPC tuning-parameters affect the location of the eigenvalues of the closed-loop system of a plant in the discrete-time setting. It is to provide theoretical basis/justification for many of the existing qualitative MPC tuning rules and propose new tuning guidelines for MPC. For example, as the prediction horizon is increased while other tunable parameters remain constant, a subset of the closed-loop eigenvalues (poles) move non-monotonically towards the open-loop eigenvalues (poles) of the plant. If a prediction horizon much longer than the reference-trajectory time-constant is used, the value of reference-trajectory time-constant has little effect on the closed-loop performance. As the weights on the magnitude or the rate of change of the manipulated input are increased, the closed-loop eigenvalues move towards the open-loop eigenvalues. As the control horizon is increased from one, the dominant eigenvalue of the closed-loop system initially moves towards the origin and then away from the origin to a location that does not change with a further increase in the control horizon.
A novel ultra-wideband antenna is proposed. To achieve both the compact size and wide bandwidth, multiple radiation arms are employed in its planar configuration. Meanwhile, a symmetric polygon is etched on the metal ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467389839
A novel ultra-wideband antenna is proposed. To achieve both the compact size and wide bandwidth, multiple radiation arms are employed in its planar configuration. Meanwhile, a symmetric polygon is etched on the metal ground in order to improve the impedance matching in such a wide frequency band. Based on the optimized geometric dimensions, the simulated results obtained via full-wave simulation show that the proposed antenna design achieves good performance as predicted.
In this paper it will be shown that the deposition method is an important parameter for the electrical properties of the metal gate. Indeed, ALCVD(Atomic Layer Chemical Vapor Deposition) TiN metal has a 5.3eV workfunc...
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ISBN:
(纸本)8890084782
In this paper it will be shown that the deposition method is an important parameter for the electrical properties of the metal gate. Indeed, ALCVD(Atomic Layer Chemical Vapor Deposition) TiN metal has a 5.3eV workfunction, suitable for PMOS devices. The PVD sputtered (Physical Vapor Deposition) TiN has a lower workfunction around 4.8eV and is mid-gap like. The PVD TiN capacitors have a higher effective oxide charge than the ALCVD capacitors as extracted from capacitance measurements and from workfunction calculations. PVD TiN also exhibits process-induced damage as seen from leakage measurements.
The development and testing of the new series of Mercedes-Benz diesel engines, the Model Series 400, is discussed in this paper. The series includes 6-, 8-, 10-, and 12-cyl V-engines and 5- and 6-cyl in-line engines. ...
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The development and testing of the new series of Mercedes-Benz diesel engines, the Model Series 400, is discussed in this paper. The series includes 6-, 8-, 10-, and 12-cyl V-engines and 5- and 6-cyl in-line engines. All feature a 4.922 in. bore and 5.117 in. stroke, a piston displacement of 97.4 cu in. per cylinder, water cooling, and direct fuel injection. Specific items covered are the combustion system, ignition, emissions, pistons, cylinder head gaskets, and the cooling system.
ArTeMiS is a submillimeter camera planned to work simultaneously at 450 mu m, 350 mu m and 200 mu m by use of 3 focal planes of, respectively, 8, 8 and 4 bolometric arrays, each one made of 16 x18 pixels. In July 2013...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780819496218
ArTeMiS is a submillimeter camera planned to work simultaneously at 450 mu m, 350 mu m and 200 mu m by use of 3 focal planes of, respectively, 8, 8 and 4 bolometric arrays, each one made of 16 x18 pixels. In July 2013, with a preliminary setting reduced to 4 modules and to the 350 mu m band, ArTeMiS was installed successfully at the Cassegrain focus of APEX, a 12 m antenna located on the Chajnantor plateau, Chile. After the summary of the scientific requirements, we describe the main lines of the ArTeMiS nominal optical design with its rationale and performances. This optical design is highly constrained by the room allocation available in the Cassegrain cabin. It is an all-reflective design including a retractable pick off mirror, a warm Fore Optics to image the focal plane of the telescope inside the cryostat, and the cold optics. The large size of the field of view at the focal plane of the telescope, 72 mm x 134 mm for the 350 mu m & 450 mu m beams, leads to the use of biconical toroidal mirrors. In this way, the nominal image quality obtained on the bolometric arrays is only just diffraction limited at some corners of the field of view. To keep a final PSF as much uniform as possible across the field of view, we have used the technic of manufacturing by diamond turning to machine the mirrors. This approach, while providing high accuracy on the shape of the mirrors, made easier the control of the two sub units, the Fore Optics and the cold optics, in the visible domain and at room temperature. Moreover, the use of the similar material (Aluminium alloy 6061) for the optical bench and the mirrors with their mount ensures a homothetic shrinking during the cooling down. The alignment protocol, drew up at the early step of the study, is also presented. It required the implementation of two additional mechanisms inside the cryostat to check the optical axis of the cold optics, in the real conditions of operation of ArTeMiS. In this way, it was possible to pre-align th
An efficient way to combine WDX and EDX spectral information in the same analysis which results in improved detection limits and precision of the EDX data is suggested. It is accomplished through absorption filtration...
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An efficient way to combine WDX and EDX spectral information in the same analysis which results in improved detection limits and precision of the EDX data is suggested. It is accomplished through absorption filtration of the EDX spectrum by using either mylar or aluminum filters, and analyzing those absorbed elements with WDX. The resulting reduction in EDX count rate is regained by increasing the solid angle of the detecting crystal-integrating a larger number of x-rays which provides better counting statistics.
Cloud computing, a long-held dream of computing as a utility, has prosperous potential of transforming a large part of the information technology (IT) industry. It has successfully become a new business model in a sho...
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Cloud computing, a long-held dream of computing as a utility, has prosperous potential of transforming a large part of the information technology (IT) industry. It has successfully become a new business model in a short time. Now, many companies have launched their own products. Nevertheless, the current commercial mode does not meet the request of applications of remote sensing quantitative inversion.
The present paper considers the usage of deep learning and transfers learning techniques in fall detection by means of surveillance camera data processing. As a dataset, an open dataset gathered by the Laboratory of E...
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The mechanical properties of cells have been verified to correlate to human diseases and aging as well as to various cellular physiological processes, including proliferation, migration, and differentiation. It thus i...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467345620;9781467345613
The mechanical properties of cells have been verified to correlate to human diseases and aging as well as to various cellular physiological processes, including proliferation, migration, and differentiation. It thus is essential to investigate responses of cells corresponding to chemical and physical stimulations for cellular mechanics studies and other applications. Moreover, measurement of the stiffness of an interested cell is of great importance to comprehend the cellular response with respect to a specific biophysical or biochemical alteration. Hence, current study aims to investigate the effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on nano-mechanical properties of cholesterol-manipulated cells. The NIH-3T3 fibroblastswere firstly incubated in cholesterol depletion solution. The cells were then insonified by a 1 MHz LIPUS for three minutes during the process of cholesterol restoration. In situ observation on the variations of living cells adhered on the glass substrate was monitored continuously. The cellular morphological changes were recorded for 8 hours. The nano-mechanical properties of cells were detected with nano-indentation by measuring the cellular membrane of a single cell. The cell properties seemed to be unchanged when adding with serum. On the other hand, the cholesterol depletion tended to lead a majority of cells to retract and become rounding corresponding to the increase of incubation time. The complications may be alleviated with the insonification of LIPUS. The elastic properties of those cholesterol-manipulated cells following LIPUS insonification tended to be improved. This study demonstrates that the variations of nano-mechanical property of cell membrane during cholesterol restoration and LIPUS insonification may be sensitively detected using the depth-sensing nano-indentation technique. The LIPUS insonification may be beneficial to the restoration of elastic properties of cholesterol-manipulated cells.
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