Multiple ionization of ions subsequent to absorption of a single photon has been studied employing a photon-ion merged-beam setup at the PETRA III synchrotron radiation facility of DESY in Hamburg. Absolute cross sect...
Multiple ionization of ions subsequent to absorption of a single photon has been studied employing a photon-ion merged-beam setup at the PETRA III synchrotron radiation facility of DESY in Hamburg. Absolute cross sections for single, double and triple ionization of C+ ions were measured with emphasis on specific well defined terms of K-shell excited C+. In particular, the terms C+ (1s2s22p2 2D,2P) were excited from the ground level of C+. Subsequent autoionization processes resulted in the production of C2+, C3+ and C4+ ions. The associated decay mechanisms are single-Auger, double-Auger and triple-Auger decay. The observation of C4+ products arising from C+(1s2s22p2 2D,2P) unambiguously confirmed the existence of triple-Auger decay, i.e., a process in which 4 electrons interact with one another such that one fills the K-shell vacancy and the others are simultaneously ejected. The experiment yields branching ratios for the Auger decay channels as well as individual decay rates for autoionization and radiative stabilization of the C+(1s2s22p2 2D,2P) terms.
The author reflects on how to avoid the desk rejection that sometimes experienced by most scholars during their career. He notes that he surveyed his colleagues to establish whether their desk rejection experience mir...
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The author reflects on how to avoid the desk rejection that sometimes experienced by most scholars during their career. He notes that he surveyed his colleagues to establish whether their desk rejection experience mirrored his own experience. He offers his personal reflections on the issue being an author and also an editor. He also offers thoughts on avoiding being desk rejected.
The isothermal gelation (or melting) of gelatin after fast cooling (or heating) steps: is studied by using high sensitivity differential scanning micro-calorimetry, in order to determine the dependence of the kinetic ...
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The isothermal gelation (or melting) of gelatin after fast cooling (or heating) steps: is studied by using high sensitivity differential scanning micro-calorimetry, in order to determine the dependence of the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters upon changes in composition and in temperature. The calorimetric heat flow curves, obtained according to defined temperature profiles, have been fitted with exponential functions (simple exponentials or stretched exponentials for the step-wise and for T-jump experiments, respectively). The gelation process of gelatin alone for t < 300 min shows that the characteristic time t and the fractional exponent are very sensitive to the concentration of gelatin chains and to the microscopic phase segregation due to the presence of another polymeric component. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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