OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of oral sodium bicarbonate (NaBic) supplementation upon urinary citrate excretion in calcium stone formers (CSFs). METHODS Sixteen adult calcium stone formers with hypocitraturia were...
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of oral sodium bicarbonate (NaBic) supplementation upon urinary citrate excretion in calcium stone formers (CSFs). METHODS Sixteen adult calcium stone formers with hypocitraturia were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, crossover protocol using 60 mEq/day of NaBic during 3 days compared to the same period and doses of potassium citrate (KCit) supplementation. Blood and 24-hour urine samples were collected at baseline and during the third day of each alkali salt. RESULTS NaBic, similarly to KCit supplementation, led to an equivalent and significant increase in urinary citrate and pH. Compared to baseline, NaBic led to a significant increase in sodium excretion without concomitant increases in urinary calcium excretion, whereas KCit induced a significant increase in potassium excretion coupled with a significant reduction in urinary calcium. Although NaBic and KCit both reduced calcium oxalate supersaturation (CaOxSS) significantly vs baseline, KCit reduced calcium oxalate supersaturation significantly further vs NaBic. Both KCit and NaBic significantly reduced urinary phosphate and increased calcium phosphate supersaturation (CaPSS) compared to baseline. Finally, a significantly higher sodium urate supersaturation (NaUrSS) was observed after the use of the 2 drugs. CONCLUSION This short-term study suggests that NaBic represents an effective alternative for the treatment of hypocitraturic calcium oxalate stone formers who cannot tolerate or afford the cost of KCit. In view of the increased sodium urate supersaturation, patients with pure uric acid stones and high urate excretion may be less suited for treatment with NaBic. UROLOGY 82: 33-37, 2013. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc.
An unprecedented in situ SO2-capture cascade triggered by alkyl radicals has been documented herein. Mechanistic investigations suggest that, triggered by alkyl radicals, SO2 was released in situ and subsequently fixe...
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An unprecedented in situ SO2-capture cascade triggered by alkyl radicals has been documented herein. Mechanistic investigations suggest that, triggered by alkyl radicals, SO2 was released in situ and subsequently fixed into polycyclic small molecules. A wide range of alkylsulfonyl substituted polycyclic compounds were easily prepared with high yields and good functional group tolerability.
Myricaria laxiflora a riparian plant that naturally occurs in the riverbanks of the Yangtze River Valley has become extinct across its entire geographical distribution range in the wild due to the construction of the ...
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Myricaria laxiflora a riparian plant that naturally occurs in the riverbanks of the Yangtze River Valley has become extinct across its entire geographical distribution range in the wild due to the construction of the Three Gorges Dam The allozyme variation of M lax(flora populations was investigated in the present study Mean number of alleles per locus (A) was 2 35 and the observed heterozygosity (H-o) and expected heterozygosity (H-e) were 0 35 and 0 30 respectively Six populations showed significant excesses of heterozygotes based on the examination of a multilocus fixation index (F-IS) The population genetic divergence of M laxiflora is high (G(ST) = 0 144 and theta(B) = 0 131) and the analysis of molecular variance analysis shows that 19 71% of the total genetic variation is caused by the difference between populations Based on the obtained genetic information six management units have been identified all of which are expected to enhance the effective management of the remaining and transplanted individuals of this endangered species in the future (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved
The performance of EJ-270, a Li-6 loaded pulse shape discriminating plastic scintillator was tested for use in applications with high thermal and epithermal neutron fluxes such as neutron scattering facilities. The sh...
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The performance of EJ-270, a Li-6 loaded pulse shape discriminating plastic scintillator was tested for use in applications with high thermal and epithermal neutron fluxes such as neutron scattering facilities. The short decay time of EJ-270 make it of interest for high count rate applications. To realize this, 4 PSD algorithms were tested. The algorithms were selected based on the potential for high rate applications and simplicity. These algorithms were the charge integration method with and without the addition of a digital low pass filter, a measurement of the time to 10% of peak amplitude and a method we call the "tail sum"which utilizes a digital low pass filter and sums a small number of samples in the tail of each pulse. These algorithms were benchmarked using the figure of merit, the gamma-sensitivity and potential rate capability. The charge integration method gave the highest figure of merit of 1.37 using a long window of 272.5 ns but had a gamma-sensitivity of 2x10(-6) which was poorer than the tail sum algorithm. The tail sum algorithm was able to achieve a figure of merit of 1.36 with a window of 250 ns and a gamma-sensitivity on the order of 10(-7). Reducing the integration windows to match the fastest algorithm of time to 10% resulted in the tail sum outperforming the other algorithms with a figure of merit of 1.26 and a gamma-sensitivity of 6x10(-7). The short charge integration method and tail-sum were compared on the EMMA beamline at the ISIS pulsed neutron and muon source. The tails sum demonstrated better separation between the gamma-rays and thermal neutron at an incident peak neutron rate of 9.6x10(5) neutrons per second.
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