Given the high energy density, alkali metals are preferred in rechargeable batteries as anodes, however, with significant limitations such as dendrite growth and volume expansion, leading to poor cycle life and safety...
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Given the high energy density, alkali metals are preferred in rechargeable batteries as anodes, however, with significant limitations such as dendrite growth and volume expansion, leading to poor cycle life and safety concerns. Herein a room-temperature liquid alloy system is proposed as a possible solution for its self-recovery property. Full extraction of alkali metal ions from the ternary alloy brings it back to the binary liquid eutectic, and thus enables a self-healing process of the cracked or pulverized structure during cycling. A half-cell discharge specific capacity of up to 706.0 mAh g(-1) in lithium-ion battery and 222.3 mAh g(-1) for sodium-ion battery can be delivered at 0.1C;at a high rate of 5C, a sizable capacity of over 400 mAh g(-1) for Li and 60 mAh g(-1) for Na could be retained. Li and Na ion full cells with considerable stability are demonstrated when pairing liquid metal with typical cathode materials, LiFePO4, and P2-Na-2/3[Ni1/3Mn2/3]O-2. Remarkable cyclic durability, considerable theoretical capacity utilization, and reasonable rate stability present in this work allow this novel anode system to be a potential candidate for rechargeable alkali-ion batteries.
Transglutaminases are Ca2+-dependent enzymes that catalyse the covalent cross-linking of protein-bound glutamine and lysine residues, which can stabilise proteins or protein aggregates. In the brain, elevated expressi...
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Transglutaminases are Ca2+-dependent enzymes that catalyse the covalent cross-linking of protein-bound glutamine and lysine residues, which can stabilise proteins or protein aggregates. In the brain, elevated expression levels and activity of transglutaminases are known to be linked with several neurodegenerative diseases. However, little is known about the physiological functions of transglutaminases in the central nervous system. In this study, we examined the expression and activity of transglutaminase 1 in chicken telencephalic cell cultures. We observed a cytosolic expression of transglutaminase 1 in telencephalic neurons. However, transglutaminase 1 activity was restricted to synaptic endings. Transglutaminase targets in the cultured cells were characterised via a biotinylation assay and beta-actin was identified as a substrate. Furthermore, we were able to show that beta-actin is a target for the activity of recombinant human transglutaminase 1 in vitro. We propose a mechanism where neuronal transglutaminase 1 is activated by synaptic activity-dependent influx of calcium ions and thereupon catalyse the formation of an intramolecular cross-link in beta-actin, thereby stabilising the actin cytoskeleton against depolymerising effects. In this way, transglutaminase 1 could modulate actin-dependent plasticity events at synaptic endings.
In the present paper we have derived the analytical expressions for the modes of twisted elliptical fibers with torsional mechanical stress at various relationships of the fiber parameters. It was shown that circularl...
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In the present paper we have derived the analytical expressions for the modes of twisted elliptical fibers with torsional mechanical stress at various relationships of the fiber parameters. It was shown that circularly polarized optical vortices with the topological charges +/- 1 can propagate in elliptical fibers as generic modes if ellipticity and the twist-induced circular birefringence suppress the spin-orbit interaction. A comparison of the obtained results with the corresponding results for spun elliptical fibers is made. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America
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