Background: Rapid and early diagnosis of the specific biomarkers and symptoms can increase the efficiency of treatment and reduce the mortality rate of breast cancer as the second cause of cancer death among women wor...
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Background: Rapid and early diagnosis of the specific biomarkers and symptoms can increase the efficiency of treatment and reduce the mortality rate of breast cancer as the second cause of cancer death among women worldwide. MicroRNA199 (miR199) as a member of the most important microRNAs families is one of these circulating biomarkers that its dysregulation is associated with the development and progression or suppression of variety of cancers. Method: In this regard, a magnetic fluorescent nanoprobe was designed and fabricated for separation and identification of microRNA199 (miR199) biomarker in breast cancer. Therefore, the surfaces of synthesized silica-coated Fe3O4 and CdTe quantum dots were functionalized with two specific probes for miR199 and then characterization techniques were performed to confirm the nanoprobes synthesis steps. The performance of magnetic fluorescent nanoprobes was analyzed by hybridization process of nanoprobes and miR199 sequences. Subsequently, nanoprobes hybridization steps were performed by the extracted RNAs from 10 samples from women with breast cancer and the expression of miR199a in clinical samples was examined by Real-Time PCR. Results: The results showed that the limit of detection is as low as 0.48 pM and separation and identification can be performed in less than an hour with high specificity. Conclusion: The synthesized nanoprobes were able to rapid isolation and identification of the MicroRNA199 with high specificity and sensitivity.
Greenhouse gas mitigation options help in reducing greenhouse gas emissions so as to avoid the adverse environmental impacts due to global warming/climate change. They have different characteristics when evaluated usi...
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Greenhouse gas mitigation options help in reducing greenhouse gas emissions so as to avoid the adverse environmental impacts due to global warming/climate change. They have different characteristics when evaluated using different criteria. For example, some options may be very cost effective, while some may have an additional advantage of reducing local pollution. Hence, selection of these options, for consideration by a national government or by a funding agency, has to incorporate multiple criteria. In this paper, some important criteria relevant to the selection are discussed, and a multi-criteria methodology is suggested for making appropriate selection. The methodology, called the Analytic Hierarchy Process, is described using two illustrations. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
This is a retrospective analysis of the morphokinetics, prevalence, and implantation potential of embryos with irregular first and second cleavages as identified by time-lapse microscopy. The study included 253 women ...
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This is a retrospective analysis of the morphokinetics, prevalence, and implantation potential of embryos with irregular first and second cleavages as identified by time-lapse microscopy. The study included 253 women who underwent 387 assisted reproduction treatments with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Each patient was assigned to one of three groups based on embryo cleavage results. In group I, one to two embryos per cycle showed irregular cleavage;group II, at least three embryos with abnormal cleavage;and in group III (the control group), all embryos cleaved normally. The number of embryos that cleaved from 1 to a parts per thousand yen3 cells or from 2 to a parts per thousand yen5 cells for each patient was recorded. Their prevalence and association with women's characteristics and pregnancy outcome were evaluated. The prevalence of irregular cleavage was 15.6 % among 1772 ICSI embryos. In 101 cycles, 1-2 embryos per cycle showed irregular cleavage (group I). In 32 cycles, at least 3 embryos showed abnormal cleavage (group II). In 254 cycles, all embryos cleaved normally (group III). The average age of the women in group II was significantly lower in comparison with groups I and III (32.5 +/- 4.2 vs. 35.1 +/- 4.9 and 35.5 +/- 5.1, respectively, p < 0.02). In comparison of groups I and II, the odds ratio for a parts per thousand yen3 embryos with irregular cleavage in women younger than 35 was 3.48 (95 % CI, 1.28 to 9.46). Embryos with irregular cleavage were transferred in 16 women. Three live births were achieved following the transfer of single blastocysts derived from embryos with irregular cleavage from two to five cells. Early embryos with irregular cleavage are significantly more prevalent in younger women. When these embryos develop to the blastocyst stage, they may have normal implantation potential, leading to the birth of healthy babies.
The palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction of organic halides with boronic acids is one of the most versatile methods for the synthesis of biaryls. Green chemistry is a rapidly developing new field...
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The palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction of organic halides with boronic acids is one of the most versatile methods for the synthesis of biaryls. Green chemistry is a rapidly developing new field that provides us a proactive avenue for the sustainable development of future science and technologies. When designed properly, clean chemical technology can be developed in water as a reaction medium. The technologies generated from such green chemistry endeavours may often be cheaper and more profitable. This review covers the literature on palladium-catalysed the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction in water.
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