Ego depletion refers to the idea that self-control and decision-making abilities become depleted or diminished after engaging in prolonged or demanding cognitive tasks. When conducting research with humans, states suc...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783031855719;9783031855726
Ego depletion refers to the idea that self-control and decision-making abilities become depleted or diminished after engaging in prolonged or demanding cognitive tasks. When conducting research with humans, states such as stress are usually asked directly to the participants by using ecological momentary assessment (EMA). However, as those answers are self-reported, they are prone to bias due to the lack of user commitment or effort to assess the stress levels the best they can. This paper investigates the relationship between ego depletion and stress level reporting, specifically focusing on the bias in self-reported stress levels. The hypothesis tested in this study suggests that higher levels of ego depletion lead to greater bias in self-reported stress levels. Data collected by Berrocal et al. using EMA were analyzed to examine this hypothesis. The dataset included self-reporting stress levels by individuals being assessed and stress level reports from their peers. Data was collected using a mobile app, incorporating passive smartphone usage data alongside EMA responses. The hypothesis was tested and studied employing artificial intelligence algorithms. The results partially confirmed the initial hypothesis, revealing that lower ego depletion was associated with reduced bias in stress level reporting. Notably, when analyzing data from working days, the morning period demonstrated the least bias compared to the afternoon. These findings suggest that individuals have higher self-capacity and willingness to provide accurate stress level assessments during the morning hours. Challenges encountered in the research included limitations related to the holidays considered and potential confounders such as flexible time schedules or post-lunch sleepiness. This paper releases its data publicly, allowing for further examination and replication of the findings. Future research is encouraged to expand upon these conclusions.
This article documents how to make the concepts of specification, properties of specifications, unit tests, soundness of unit tests, implementation, and satisfaction coexist correctly, harmoniously, and effectively in...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781450375627
This article documents how to make the concepts of specification, properties of specifications, unit tests, soundness of unit tests, implementation, and satisfaction coexist correctly, harmoniously, and effectively in the mind of undergraduate students, using an off-theshelf proof assistant. The concepts are instilled through a family of puzzles: given the specification of a mystery function (i.e., conditions this function should satisfy), which functions-if any-satisfy this specification? Each puzzle is solved using a combination of informal induction (as in machine learning), structural recursion (to implement the function), and formal induction (to prove satisfaction), and in a consolidating way such that each concept has a place that makes sense, instead of being perceived as vague, alien, arbitrary, and irreproducible. The eureka moment that concludes each informal induction and the subsequent formal induction that confirms that the student was right make mystery functions rewarding, and repetition makes them addictive. Mystery functions can also be used as a vector for expansion as well as for reflection.
A novel structure of coaxial LD module with a high-speed front facet power monitor PD was successfully developed. The PD current variation was ten times smaller than a conventional LD module. This module is suitable f...
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The serverless pay-as-you-go model in the cloud enables payment of services during execution and resources used at the smallest, most granular level, as was the initial idea when setting the foundations and concepts o...
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Photovoltaic (PV) systems are gradually becoming the key renewable source of electrical energy. But the nonlinear characteristics of the PV module require special techniques to harvest maximum power. The techniques us...
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The objective of this paper is to develop the tool which aids the implementation of test specifications for web page layout testing. The tool combines the process of user interface mockup design and implementation of ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781728147895
The objective of this paper is to develop the tool which aids the implementation of test specifications for web page layout testing. The tool combines the process of user interface mockup design and implementation of tests. Generated test specifications are verified using two mutation testing operators. Mutation testing was also performed on referent test specifications generated by Galen Framework from goal web page dump files. Tests should detect mutations with a visual change on a web page. Additional image comparison of web page screenshots was performed to determine if there was a visual change. Verification showed that mockup test specifications are less precise than referent test specifications. Nonetheless, they also show fewer false-positive results. It was concluded that generated tests have some limitations, but they can be used as a starting point for writing more precise layout tests.
The protection of the rights and interests under the circulation of rural land contracted management rights only pays attention to protect the interests of farmers, while neglecting the protection of investors' **...
The protection of the rights and interests under the circulation of rural land contracted management rights only pays attention to protect the interests of farmers, while neglecting the protection of investors' *** order to promote the transfer of land contract management rights healthily and smoothly, the interests of both agriculturalsides are in need of protection. This paper analyzes the positive effects brought by the transfer of land to the development of agricultural economy in our country, as well as the main problems existing in current circulation of rural land contracted management, puts forward to protect the interests of both agricultural sides.
A turbulent jet emanating from an unconfined, premixed burner is investigated by using large eddy simulation (LES) and direct numerical simulation (DNS) as well as experimentally by means of optical (OH* chemiluminesc...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781624102141
A turbulent jet emanating from an unconfined, premixed burner is investigated by using large eddy simulation (LES) and direct numerical simulation (DNS) as well as experimentally by means of optical (OH* chemiluminescence), acoustic (microphone), and laser-optical measurement techniques (Particle Image Velocimetry). Comparison of the results obtained through experiments, LES, and DNS indicate a reasonable agreement. In order to analyze the impact of mesh refinement on the resolved flame properties and acoustic radiations, computational grids with varying resolutions are used for the LES. As large coherent flow motion exists in the considered flow case, due to an over-predicted diffusion the flame length calculated with LES is underestimated. On the other hand, DNS exhibits a similar intensity distribution for OH* as the experiment and, hence, the flame length is predicted accurately by DNS. The emitted noise spectrum has a tonal shape with peaks at the burner's resonance frequency for the non-reacting flow which changes to broadband noise and, in general, is raised in amplitude for reacting flows. In addition, it is shown that an increase in Reynolds number, preheat temperature, or a decrease in equivalence ratio close to stoichiometric ratios yields more noise being emanated from the burner. The latter indicates the fact that direct combustion noise is linked to interactions of turbulent fluctuations with the flame front. When using an equivalence ratio closer to stoichiometric ratio, a thinner reaction zone is expected and the intrinsic interaction between the flame and turbulent flow is more pronounced.
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