Extracellular high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) has been demonstrated to function as a proinflammatory cytokine and induces neuronal injury in response to various pathological stimuli in central nervous system (CNS). ...
Extracellular high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) has been demonstrated to function as a proinflammatory cytokine and induces neuronal injury in response to various pathological stimuli in central nervous system (CNS). However, the regulatory factor involved in HMGB1-mediated inflammatory signaling is largely unclear. Regulatory RNase 1 (Regnase-1) is a potent anti-inflammation enzyme that can degrade a set of mRNAs encoding proinflammatory cytokines. The present study aims to determine the role of Regnase-1 in the regulation of HMGB1-mediated inflammatory injury in CNS. Cultured microglia and rat brain were treated with recombinant HMGB1 to examine the induction of Regnase-1 expression. Moreover, the role of Regnase-1 in modulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines and neuronal injury was then investigated in microglia by specific siRNA knockdown upon HMGB1 treatment. Results showed that HMGB1 could significantly induce the de novo synthesis of Regnase-1 in cultured microglia. Consistently, Regnase-1 was elevated and found to be co-localized with microglia marker in the brain of rat treated with HMGB1. Silencing Regnase-1 in microglia enhanced HMGB1-induced expression of proinflammatory cytokines and exacerbated neuronal toxicity. Collectively, these results suggest that Regnase-1 can be induced by HMGB1 in microglia and negatively regulates HMGB1-mediated neuroinflammation and neuronal toxicity.
A new synthetic approach using the Pluronic P123-assisted hydrothermal reaction of lanthanum phosphate and europium-doped lanthanum phosphate has been developed, which results in the formation of uniform spindle-shape...
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A new synthetic approach using the Pluronic P123-assisted hydrothermal reaction of lanthanum phosphate and europium-doped lanthanum phosphate has been developed, which results in the formation of uniform spindle-shaped microarchitectures most probably by a self-assembly process. Our results reveal that the obtained spindle-shaped microarchitectures consist of several tens of aligned single-crystalline nanowires with smooth, well-defined facets and highly uniform morphologies. These well-defined spindle-shaped microarchitectures show greatly enhanced photoluminescence, in these compounds when compared to their counterparts of disordered arrangements. A possible formation mechanism for these spindle-shaped microarchitectures is presented and discussed.
The purpose of the present study is to verify different analysis approaches and provide a quantitative and qualitative classification of fluidization regimes. The experimental study has been carried out in a cold conv...
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The purpose of the present study is to verify different analysis approaches and provide a quantitative and qualitative classification of fluidization regimes. The experimental study has been carried out in a cold conventional fluidized bed using electrical capacitance tomography (ECT). The system compromises a twin-plane ECT in a 15 cm diameter acrylic column. The experiments were carried out at ambient conditions and under different fluidization velocities, ranging from 0.2 to 2.0 m/s using air as the fluidizing gas. A mixture of spherical glass ballotini ranging from 150 to 1000 lion diameter and average density of 2600 kg/m(3) were used as the fluidizing particles. Measurement of solid volume fraction was recorded over a 20 s interval at a 100 Hz sample rate. Four different fluidization regimes were identified based on a distinct transition velocity: single bubble, slugging bed, turbulent flow and fast fluidization regime. Different analysis methods employed with the solid fraction fluctuations have shown good agreement. The transition velocities determined by standard deviation, amplitude and solid fraction distribution analysis almost coincide, while results obtained with the peak and cycle frequencies analysis only shows the transition to slugging bed and fast fluidization regime. Bubble rise velocity analysis shows a maximum at the onset of turbulent fluidization, but no further conclusions could be made. Analyses based on power spectra and probability distribution of amplitude are also discussed. The regime classification shows no variation with respect to height within the bottom level of the bed, however, regime transitions are strong functions of the radial measuring position. Conclusions are drawn about the adequacy of each analysis method applied in this study, and a brief description on the characteristics of each flow regime is presented. Several available correlations from the literature for U-mf , U-c and U-k are tested and compared with the experim
The behaviour in hydroliquefaction (H-2, tetralin, 400-degrees-C) of four Spanish lignites with different petrographic composition and a similar ash content was studied and the nature of the derived oils was evaluated...
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The behaviour in hydroliquefaction (H-2, tetralin, 400-degrees-C) of four Spanish lignites with different petrographic composition and a similar ash content was studied and the nature of the derived oils was evaluated. Vitrinite and/or vitrinite plus exinite contents and percentages of total and organic sulphur correlate with conversion yields. Maceral composition does not appear to influence the nature of the derived oils.
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