We report the efficient supramolecular gelation of multiple organic solvents by the two-component gelators comprising of phenyl phosphonic acid and the two amino acid derivatives - (S)-2-amino-N-hexadecyl-3-phenylprop...
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We report the efficient supramolecular gelation of multiple organic solvents by the two-component gelators comprising of phenyl phosphonic acid and the two amino acid derivatives - (S)-2-amino-N-hexadecyl-3-phenylpropanamide and (S)-2-amino-N-hexadecyl-3-methylbutanamide. Significantly, these gelators induced phase-selective gelation of several types of aromatic, aliphatic, and mixed aromatic/aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents from the respective two-phase aqueous mixtures. Thus, these gelators can separate aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons from aqueous mixtures. Detailed characterisations of some selected gels were performed using SEM, FTIR, rheology, and XRD techniques. We propose that multiple non-covalent interactions - H-bonding, ionic, hydrophobic, pi-pi interactions - are responsible for self-aggregation, gel formation and stabilization. Interestingly, a closely related analogue phenyl phosphinic acid in combination with the same amino acid derivatives displayed modest gelation ability. In these two-component systems, the diprotic phenyl phosphonic acid is considerably more effective than the monoprotic phenyl phosphinic acid. This study convincingly demonstrates that phosphonic acid derivatives are highly promising for developing efficient functional two-component gelators and will provide an invaluable method for designing new small-molecule gelators.
Device, designed for frequency signal analysis, frequency and voltage control for each component, test the correspondence between the frequency combination and the dialled number, provide indication of the dialled num...
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Device, designed for frequency signal analysis, frequency and voltage control for each component, test the correspondence between the frequency combination and the dialled number, provide indication of the dialled number or service channels in case of the positive result of control, is described. The device has a number of advantages as compared to other national analogues: the test error in level is reduced from 10 to 5%, in frequency - from 10 to 0.7%;the mass-clearance indices are reduced as well;the determination function for a parameter, which value does not correspond the rated one, is realized.
One of the most prolific architectural historians of his generation, David Watkin was a pioneer scholar of Neo-classicism, publishing studies of Thomas Hope, C.R. Cockerell and John Soane. In 1977 he won both fame and...
One of the most prolific architectural historians of his generation, David Watkin was a pioneer scholar of Neo-classicism, publishing studies of Thomas Hope, C.R. Cockerell and John Soane. In 1977 he won both fame and notoriety with his book Morality and Architecture, an attack on the hegemony of the Modern Movement.
Numerous animal models of epileptogenesis demonstrate neuroplastic changes in the hippocampus. These changes occur not only for the mature neurons and glia, but also for the newly generated granule cells in the dentat...
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Numerous animal models of epileptogenesis demonstrate neuroplastic changes in the hippocampus. These changes occur not only for the mature neurons and glia, but also for the newly generated granule cells in the dentate gyrus. One of these changes, the sprouting of mossy fiber axons, is derived predominantly from newborn granule cells in adult rats with pilocarpine-induced temporal lobe epilepsy. Newborn granule cells also mainly contribute to another neuroplastic change, hilar basal dendrites (HBDs), which are synaptically targeted by mossy fibers in the hilus. Both sprouted mossy fibers and HBDs contribute to recurrent excitatory circuitry that is hypothesized to be involved in increased seizure susceptibility and the development of spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS) that occur following the initial pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. Considering the putative role of these neuroplastic changes in epileptogenesis, a critical question is whether similar anatomic phenomena occur after epileptogenic insults to the immature brain, where the proportion of recently born granule cells is higher due to ongoing maturation. The current study aimed to determine if such neuroplastic changes could be observed in a standardized model of neonatal seizure-inducing hypoxia that results in development of SRS. We used immunoelectron microscopy for the immature neuronal marker doublecortin to label newborn neurons and their HBDs following neonatal hypoxia. Our goal was to determine whether synapses form on HBDs from neurons born after neonatal hypoxia. Our results show a robust synapse formation on HBDs from animals that experienced neonatal hypoxia, regardless of whether the animals experienced tonicclonic seizures during the hypoxic event. In both cases, the axon terminals that synapse onto HBDs were identified as mossy fiber terminals, based on the appearance of dense core vesicles. No such synapses were observed on HBDs from newborn granule cells obtained from sham animals an
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