Spurious entropy is often used as a criterion by which the accuracy of a numerical solution of the Euler equations may be judged. In the case of subcritical, compressible flows, we have been able to develop a mathemat...
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Spurious entropy is often used as a criterion by which the accuracy of a numerical solution of the Euler equations may be judged. In the case of subcritical, compressible flows, we have been able to develop a mathematical theory relating the observed spurious entropy to its local generation. Moreover, the theory may be expressed in terms of the finite volume residual for the Euler equations and hence related to the theory of adaptive finite element methods. We have analysed the formula for the local generation of the spurious entropy and have shown it to be made up of terms of very simple form for which the effect of mesh quality can be assessed. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the theory in the context of adaptive grid generation, the local estimator is coupled with an existing mesh movement algorithm, with much improved results being obtained.
Die europäische Kunststoffstrategie hat dem Recycling größere Aufmerksamkeit in Politik und Öffentlichkeit verschafft. Es gibt dadurch deutliche Marktveränderungen – nicht zuletzt getrieben v...
Die europäische Kunststoffstrategie hat dem Recycling größere Aufmerksamkeit in Politik und Öffentlichkeit verschafft. Es gibt dadurch deutliche Marktveränderungen – nicht zuletzt getrieben vom Abfalleinfuhrstopp der Volksrepublik China.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: International consensus guidelines, aimed at predicting malignancy, are available for surgical resection of mucinous cysts but not for other cystic lesions of the pancreas. We sought to determin...
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BACKGROUND & AIMS: International consensus guidelines, aimed at predicting malignancy, are available for surgical resection of mucinous cysts but not for other cystic lesions of the pancreas. We sought to determine whether the consensus guidelines can be applied to all cystic lesions of the pancreas. METHODS: We identified all patients who underwent surgical resection of pancreatic cysts from 2001-2007. Pathology analyses of surgical specimens served as the reference standard. Surgical resection criteria proposed by the Sendai Guidelines and 5 modifications of these criteria were tested to determine their accuracy for diagnosis of malignant cysts. RESULTS: Patients with cystic lesions of the pancreas (n = 154;mean age, 59.8 years;64% women) underwent resection and met prespecified study criteria. Twenty-one patients had a malignancy. The classification cyst size cm had an accuracy of 56%, negative predictive value of 84%, and identified only 57% of the malignant cysts. The classification cyst size cm or cyst with main pancreatic duct mm had an accuracy of 55%, negative predictive value of 86%, and identified 66% of malignant cysts. The modified criterion of cyst size cm or cyst with main pancreatic duct >3 mm had an accuracy of 48%, negative predictive value of 94%, and identified 91% (19/21) of the malignancies. Cyst size (odds ratio, 1.05) and pancreatic duct dilation >3 mm (odds ratio, 10.5) were strong and independent predictors of malignancy. CONCLUSIONS: When applied to all cystic lesions of the pancreas, the international consensus criteria cause some malignant cysts to be missed. Modified criteria could identify most malignant cysts, although overall accuracy remains low.
One of the most issues that is currently being discussed is to minimize the spreading of Covid-19 around the globe. Indonesian government tries its best to deliver the message on how to live a healthy live in order to...
One of the most issues that is currently being discussed is to minimize the spreading of Covid-19 around the globe. Indonesian government tries its best to deliver the message on how to live a healthy live in order to minimize the spreading of the virus. Using social media and websites were some ways taken to educate Indonesian people. The research was using qualitative method, content analyzes technique from five literatures chosen randomly from websites. The result showed that Indonesian government has done a great number of campaigns to educate all level of society, from lower education to higher one. It is expected that all level of societies could develop awareness to create a new habit of healthy life to minimize the spreading of Covid-19. The result of this research will then be used in the next research as a comparison to the social media campaign done in Pakistan.
Background The accurate incidence of delusional parasitosis (DP) is difficult to assess. The aim of this study was to analyse the frequency of DP treated by dermatologists, and to evaluate the treatment modalities the...
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Background The accurate incidence of delusional parasitosis (DP) is difficult to assess. The aim of this study was to analyse the frequency of DP treated by dermatologists, and to evaluate the treatment modalities they applied. Material and methods A specially designed questionnaire was distributed to 172 dermatologists. A total of 118 doctors responded (68.6% of all subjects). The dermatologists were asked to answer questions concerning demographic data of the respondents and the frequency of DP observed in their everyday practice. Finally, methods of treatment used by the dermatologists to help patients suffering from DP were evaluated. Results During the whole working period the majority of dermatologists participating in the survey (84.7%) had seen at least one patient with DP in their practice. About one-third of the respondents (33%) had seen one or two cases of DP during the past 5 years, and 28% of the doctors treated from three to five such patients. Twenty-three per cent of dermatologists declared that they had diagnosed no cases of DP during the past 5 years. The rest of our respondents had seen more than five cases of DP during the past 5 years, and 7% of the doctors reported seeing more than 10 patients with DP within this period. Almost 20% of the dermatologists were currently treating a patient with DP. Our data show that 40.7% of the respondents always ask and 28.8% often ask for a psychiatric opinion about their patients with DP. More experienced dermatologists statistically more frequently (P < 0.05) obtained a psychiatric opinion about their patients. Only a small group of dermatologists (15.3%) use their own pharmacological treatment. If they do so, they first use sedatives and anxiety-relieving drugs. Conclusion DP is a quite common disorder, however not all dermatologists are sufficiently prepared to treat it. There is an urgent need for training on the dermatological approach to psychodermatoses.
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