The galloping rise in global population in recent years and the accompanying increase in food and energy demands has created land use crisis between food and energy production, and eventual loss of agricultural lands ...
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The galloping rise in global population in recent years and the accompanying increase in food and energy demands has created land use crisis between food and energy production, and eventual loss of agricultural lands to the more lucrative photovoltaics (PV) energy production. This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of organic photovoltaics (OPV) and red-foil (RF) transmittance on growth, yield, photosynthesis and SPAD value of spinach under greenhouse and field conditions. Three OPV levels (P0: control;P1: transmittance peak of 0.11 in blue light (BL) and 0.64 in red light (RL);P2: transmittance peak of 0.09 in BL and 0.11 in RL) and two spinach genotypes (bufflehead, eland) were combined in a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design with 4 replications in the greenhouse, while two RF levels (RF0: control;RF1: transmittance peak of 0.01 in BL and 0.89 in RL) and two spinach genotypes were combined in a 2 x 2 factorial in randomized complete block design with four replications in the field. Data were collected on growth, yield, photosynthesis and chlorophyll content. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant reduction in shoot weight and total biomass of spinach grown under very low light intensities as a function of the transmittance properties of the OPV cell used (P2). P1 competed comparably (p > 0.05) with control in most growth and yield traits measured. In addition, shoot to root distribution was higher in P1 than control. RF reduced shoot and total biomass production of spinach in the field due to its inability to transmit other spectra of light. OPV-RF transmittance did not affect plant height (PH), leaf number (LN), and SPAD value but leaf area (LA) was highest in P2. Photochemical energy conversion was higher in P1, P2 and RF1 in contrast to control due to lower levels of non-photochemical energy losses through the Y(NO) and Y(NPQ) pathways. Photo-irradiance curves showed that plants grown under reduced light (P2
Parental noncompliance to court orders is associated with several factors that jeopardize safe and stable child care. We advanced three hypotheses: (1) maternal noncompliance to court-ordered assessment is associated ...
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Parental noncompliance to court orders is associated with several factors that jeopardize safe and stable child care. We advanced three hypotheses: (1) maternal noncompliance to court-ordered assessment is associated with loss of child custody;(2) noncompliance is related to court clinic custody recommendations;and (3) noncompliance is stable across child protection and court clinic settings. Based on a sample of 56 court-referred child maltreatment cases, all hypotheses were confirmed. Results are discussed in terms of: (a) maternal noncompliance as a marker for high-risk child care;(b) our limited understanding of the phenomenal meaning of noncompliance;and (c) the dearth of empirically derived intervention methods.
Results of experimental investigations of the dynamic properties of elastic supports for gas bearings having the form of rubber O-rings are presented. Theoretical calculations of the stability threshold of an external...
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Results of experimental investigations of the dynamic properties of elastic supports for gas bearings having the form of rubber O-rings are presented. Theoretical calculations of the stability threshold of an externally pressurized gas bearing system elastically supported by means of O-rings were performed. An experimental investigation of the stability threshold of this gas bearing system was made. Comparisons between theoretical and experimental results verify the theoretical model and illustrate the possibility of its application to design purposes.
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