The effect of physical properties on crusting and dissolution was investigated in bench scale tests. Results showed an improvement in crusting with increased LOI levels, largely attributed to the low levels of alpha a...
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The effect of physical properties on crusting and dissolution was investigated in bench scale tests. Results showed an improvement in crusting with increased LOI levels, largely attributed to the low levels of alpha alumina. An increase in the fines content to 30% -325 mesh did not affect crusting or dissolution. Above that level, crusting diminished, and the dissolution rate increased. The dissolution rate of poor crusting aluminas is higher than for aluminas which form a hard crust due to contact between individual alumina particles and the bath.
This paper studies hybrid RF/baseband linear precoding design to minimize the mean square error (MSE) for millimeter-wave massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems using optimal linear equalizer. Instead o...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467398152
This paper studies hybrid RF/baseband linear precoding design to minimize the mean square error (MSE) for millimeter-wave massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems using optimal linear equalizer. Instead of dealing with the objective function of sum MSE, which involves matrix inverses, we approach this problem by minimizing the Euclidean distance between the hybrid precoder and the optimal minimum MSE precoder. In an effort to impose the optimal structure of channel diagonalization, we separate the design of modulus-constrained RF precoder from the design of unconstrained baseband precoder. Magnitude-least-squares approximation is introduced to formulate the RF precoder design problem, and is subsequently transformed into a simultaneous matrix diagonalization problem. Such transformation enables application of a simple and numerically stable Jacobi-like algorithm. The effective channel representing a cascade of the derived RF precoder and the MIMO channel, is diagonalized by the baseband precoder. The error performance of the proposed solution is examined by numerical results where the effectiveness is verified by its closeness to the optimal design and its noticeable gain over sparse approximation based schemes.
In Smart Grid, Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) is the most significant tool which provides voltage and current phasor that are synchronized in absolute time reference using global positioning system commonly known as Sy...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781728170688
In Smart Grid, Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) is the most significant tool which provides voltage and current phasor that are synchronized in absolute time reference using global positioning system commonly known as Synchrophasor. This paper presents the methodology for Optimal Placement of Phasor measurement unit (OPP) using Binary Linear Integer Programming (BLIP) with binary decision variables (0, 1) for minimizing the cost of installation to provide complete observability of the power system under normal and islanding condition. The optimal placement is attained by ranking the solutions using redundancy of the system. In this paper, the placement of PMU is realized with several cases namely conventional flow measurement, with zero injection and without zero injection. The best optimal location is one, a bus with maximum BOI, SORI and redundancy index. The feasibility and effectiveness of propounded method is tested in IEEE 7, 9, 14 and 30 bus system using Matlab R2018 software. The results obtained have shown, the proffered method of PMU placement is fast and more accurate with excellent computational efficiency.
Thermal-electrical logic circuits can be a possible alternative to CMOS technology. The basic element of these circuits is the vanadium dioxide resistor. Currently, only macroscopic models exist for the operation of V...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781728120782
Thermal-electrical logic circuits can be a possible alternative to CMOS technology. The basic element of these circuits is the vanadium dioxide resistor. Currently, only macroscopic models exist for the operation of VO2 resistors. The development of a submicron model requires the design, production and measurement of submicron-sized samples. In this paper, high-resolution electro-thermal VO2 resistor simulations are performed using a macroscopic material model in the range of 200 mu m to 50 nm resistor width and 20 mu m to 50 nm length with 50 nm layer thickness. These results in the submicron range can only be considered as estimates, but they can be used to determine the size of the samples required for submicron modelling.
Epidemic malaria is a major public health problem in the highlands of East Africa. Identifying the climatic triggers that increase malaria risk affords a basis for developing environmentally-driven early warning syste...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9788890357428
Epidemic malaria is a major public health problem in the highlands of East Africa. Identifying the climatic triggers that increase malaria risk affords a basis for developing environmentally-driven early warning systems. Satellite remote sensing provides a wide range of environmental metrics that are sensitive to temperature, rainfall, and other climatic variables. The goals of this study were to develop a computer application for automatically acquiring and processing remote sensing data, and to test the utility of these data for modelling and forecasting malaria epidemics in the Amhara region of Ethiopia. The application was programmed using JAVA for user interface development and overall system control. Spatial analyses were carried out using Python scripts to call ArcGIS geoprocessing functions, and PostgreSQL was used to store and manipulate the resulting data summaries. Remotely-sensed variables included land surface temperature from MODIS/Terra, vegetation indices computed using MODIS nadir BRDF-adjusted reflectance, precipitation estimates from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission, and actual evapotranspiration modelled using the simplified surface energy balance method. Historical remote sensing data from 2000-2010 were summarized at the district level by 8-day MODIS composite periods and transformed to deviations from their 11-year means. Time series of monthly malaria outpatient cases were collected for 19 districts in the Amhara region and used to compute risk indices for the main epidemic season from September- December. Malaria epidemics during this season were associated with a higherthan- normal number of malaria cases in May-June, higher-than normal rainfall in January-May, and warmer-than-normal temperatures in May-June. A crossvalidated statistical model containing these variables predicted more than 50% of the variability in malaria relative risk. Continued environmental monitoring using satellite remote sensing will allow us to forecast the e
Heat transfer data are presented for water in annular flow boiling at 160 and 390 kPa in a 9. 6 mm bore tube. The difficulties of accurate measurement are described. Nucleate boiling occurs at wall superheats above a ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0891165932
Heat transfer data are presented for water in annular flow boiling at 160 and 390 kPa in a 9. 6 mm bore tube. The difficulties of accurate measurement are described. Nucleate boiling occurs at wall superheats above a threshold dependent on local surface and flow conditions. At low superheats the data is consistent with single-phase convection through a turbulent liquid film, with partial suppression of turbulence at low vapour velocities. A thermal entrance effect has been identified in this regime.
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